"Arapesh Warfare": Reo Fortune's Veiled Critique of Margaret Mead's Sex and Temperament

American Anthropologist

Volumn 112, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 370-383

  Dobrin, Lise M ^a   Bashkow, Ira ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

Author keywords

ethnographic critique; Margaret Mead; Mountain Arapesh; reflexivity; Reo Fortune

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955091626     PISSN: 00027294     EISSN: 15481433     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1548-1433.2010.01246.x     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Banner, Lois 2003a Intertwined Lives: Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, and Their Circle. New York : Knopf.
2. Banner, Lois 2003b Mannish Women, Passive Men, and Constitutional Types: Margaret Mead's Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies as a Response to Ruth Benedict's Patterns of Culture. Signs 28(3):833-858.
3. Bashkow, Ira, and Lise Dobrin 2007 The Historical Study of Ethnographic Fieldwork: Margaret Mead and Reo Fortune among the Mountain Arapesh. History of Anthropology Newsletter 34(1):9-16.
4. Bateson, Gregory 1936 Naven. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
5. Bateson, Gregory 1979 Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity. New York : Dutton.
6. Bateson, Mary Catherine 1984 With a Daughter's Eye: A Memoir of Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson. New York : Washington Square.
7. Benedict, Ruth 1934 Patterns of Culture. Boston : Houghton Mifflin.
8. Besnier, Niko 1992 Reported Speech and Affect on Nukalaelae Atoll. In Responsibility and Evidence in Oral Discourse. Jane Hill and Judith Irvine, eds. Pp. 161-181. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
9. Boon, James 1985 Mead's Mediations: Some Semiotics from the Sepik, by way of Bateson, on to Bali. In Semiotic Mediation: Sociocultural and Psychological Perspectives. Elizabeth Mertz and Richard Parmentier, eds. Pp. 333-357. Orlando, FL : Academic.
10. Borneman, John, and Abdellah Hammoudi 2009 Being There: The Fieldwork Encounter and the Making of Truth. Berkeley : University of California Press.
11. Caffrey, Margaret, and Patricia Francis 2006 To Cherish the Life of the World: Selected Letters of Margaret Mead. New York : Basic Books.
12. Caton, Hiram, ed. 1990 The Samoa Reader: Anthropologists Take Stock. Lanham, MD : University Press of America.
13. Caton, Hiram, ed. 2006 Conversion in Sarawak: Derek Freeman's Awakening to a New Anthropology. AnthroGlobe Journal, January 19. http://www.anthroglobe.info/docs/conversion_sarawak.htm, accessed February 11, 2010.
14. Côté, James 2000 The Implausibility of Freeman's Hoaxing Theory: An Update. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 29(5):575-585.
15. Crook, Tony 2007 Anthropological Knowledge, Secrecy, and Bolivip, Papua New Guinea: Exchanging Skin. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
16. Di Leonardo, Micaela 1998 Exotics at Home: Anthropologies, Others, American Modernities. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
17. Di Leonardo, Micaela 2003 Margaret Mead and the Culture of Forgetting in Anthropology: A Response to Paul Roscoe. American Anthropologist 105(3):592-595.
18. Dobrin, Lise, and Ira Bashkow 2006 "Pigs for Dance Songs": Reo Fortune's Empathetic Ethnography of the Arapesh Roads. In Histories of Anthropology Annual, vol. 2. Regna Darnell and Frederic Gleach, eds. Pp. 123-154. Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press.
19. In press "The Truth in Anthropology Does Not Travel First Class": Reo Fortune's Fateful Encounter with Margaret Mead. In Histories of Anthropology Annual, vol. 6. Regna Darnell and Frederic Gleach, eds. Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press.
20. Errington, Frederick, and Deborah Gewertz 1987 The Remarriage of Yebiwali. In Dealing with Inequality. Marilyn Strathern, ed. Pp. 63-88. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
21. Fortes, Meyer 1936 Review of Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. Man 36:125-126.
22. Fortune, Reo 1932 Omaha Secret Societies. New York : AMS.
23. Fortune, Reo 1939 Arapesh Warfare. American Anthropologist 41(1):22-41.
24. Fortune, Reo 1942 Arapesh. Publications of the American Ethnological Society, vol. 19. New York : J. J. Augustin.
25. Fortune, Reo 1943 Arapesh Maternity. Nature 152(3849):164.
26. Fortune, Reo 1947 Law and Force in Papuan Societies. American Anthropologist 49(2):244-259.
27. Freeman, Derek 1983 Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
28. Freeman, Derek 1999 The Fateful Hoaxing of Margaret Mead: A Historical Analysis of Her Samoan Research. Boulder, CO : Westview.
29. Friedan, Betty 1997[1963] The Feminine Mystique. New York : W. W. Norton.
30. Gewertz, Deborah 1984 The Tchambuli View of Persons: A Critique of Individualism in the Works of Mead and Chodorow. American Anthropologist 86(3):615-629.
31. Howard, Jane 1984 Margaret Mead: A Life. New York : Simon and Schuster.
32. Janiewski, Dolores 2005 Woven Lives, Raveled Texts: Benedict, Mead, and Representational Doubleness. In Reading Benedict, Reading Mead: Feminism, Race, and Imperial Visions. Dolores Janiewski and Lois Banner, eds. Pp. 3-15. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press.
33. Kimmel, Michael 2008 The Gendered Society. 3rd edition. New York : Oxford University Press.
34. Kretschmer, Ernst 1925 Physique and Character: An Investigation of the Nature of Constitution and of the Theory of Temperament. New York : Harcourt, Brace.
35. Kulick, Don 1992 Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction: Socialization, Self, and Syncretism in a Papua New Guinea Village. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
36. Kuper, Adam 2007 Putting Things in Boxes. London Review of Books 20(10):19-20.
37. Lapsley, Hilary 1999 Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict: The Kinship of Women. Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press.
38. Lawrence, Peter 1980 Obituary: Reo Franklin Fortune. Oceania 51(1):2-3.
39. Leach, Edmund 1985 Middle American. London Review of Books 7(4):17.
40. Leavitt, Stephen 1989 Cargo, Christ, and Nostalgia for the Dead: Themes of Intimacy and Abandonment in Bumbita Arapesh Social Experience. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego .
41. Lipset, David 1980 Gregory Bateson: The Legacy of a Scientist. Boston : Beacon Press.
42. Lipset, David 2003 Rereading Sex and Temperament: Margaret Mead's Triptych and Its Ethnographic Critics. Anthropological Quarterly 76(4):693-713.
43. Lohmann, Roger 2004 Sex and Sensibility: Margaret Mead's Descriptive and Rhetorical Ethnography. Reviews in Anthropology 33(2):111-130.
44. Lutkehaus, Nancy 2008 Margaret Mead: The Making of an American Icon. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
45. Lyons, Andrew P., and Harriet D. Lyons 2004 Irregular Connections: A History of Anthropology and Sexuality. Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press.
46. Marcus, George 2001 Reflexivity in Anthropology. In International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 19. Neil Smelser and Paul Baltes, eds. Pp. 12877-12881. Amsterdam : Elsevier.
47. Margaret Mead Papers [MMP] 1975 Jean Houston Interview. Archived material, Box 18, Files 3-4. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C .
48. Margaret Mead Papers [MMP] N.d. Summary Statement. Archived material, Box I10, File 4. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C .
49. McDowell, Nancy 1991 The Mundugumor: From the Field Notes of Margaret Mead and Reo Fortune. Washington, DC : Smithsonian Institution Press.
50. McLean, Ann 1992 In the Footprints of Reo Fortune. In Ethnographic Presents: Pioneering Anthropologists in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. Terence Hays, ed. Pp. 37-67. Berkeley : University of California Press.
51. Mead, Margaret 1928 Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilization. New York : William Morrow.
52. Mead, Margaret 1935 Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. New York : William Morrow.
53. Mead, Margaret 1938 The Mountain Arapesh: I. An Importing Culture. Volume 36, Part 3. New York : Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History.
54. Mead, Margaret 1939 Native Languages as Fieldwork Tools. American Anthropologist 41(2):189-205.
55. Mead, Margaret 1940 The Mountain Arapesh: II. Supernaturalism. Volume 37, Part 3. New York : Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History.
56. Mead, Margaret 1947 The Mountain Arapesh: III. Socio-Economic Life; IV. Diary of Events in Alitoa. Volume 40, Part 3. New York : Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History.
57. Mead, Margaret 1972 Blackberry Winter: My Earlier Years. New York : William Morrow.
58. Molloy, Maureen 2008 On Creating a Usable Culture: Margaret Mead and the Emergence of American Cosmopolitanism. Honolulu : University of Hawai'i Press.
59. Newman, Louise 2005 Coming of Age, but Not in Samoa: Reflections on Margaret Mead's Legacy for Western Liberal Feminism. In Reading Benedict, Reading Mead: Feminism, Race, and Imperial Visions. Dolores Janiewski and Lois Banner, eds. Pp. 51-69. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press.
60. Pollmann, Tessel 1990 Margaret Mead's Balinese: The Fitting Symbols of the American Dream. Indonesia 49 (April):1-35.
61. Rodman, William 1991 When Questions Are Answers: The Message of Anthropology, According to the People of Ambae. American Anthropologist 93(2):421-434.
62. Romanucci-Ross, Lola 1985 Mead's Other Manus: Phenomenology of the Encounter. South Hadley, MA : Bergin and Garvey.
63. Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist 1974 Woman, Culture, and Society: A Theoretical Overview. In Woman, Culture, and Society. Michelle Rosaldo and Louise Lamphere, eds. Pp. 17-42. Stanford : Stanford University Press.
64. Roscoe, Paul 2003 Margaret Mead, Reo Fortune, and Mountain Arapesh Warfare. American Anthropologist 105(3):581-591.
65. Rumsey, Alan 1990 Wording, Meaning, and Linguistic Ideology. American Anthropologist 92(2):346-361.
66. Sanday, Peggy Reeves 1980 Margaret Mead's View of Sex Roles in Her Own and Other Societies. American Anthropologist 82(2):340-348.
67. Shankman, Paul 2009 The Trashing of Margaret Mead: Anatomy of an Anthropological Controversy. Madison : University of Wisconsin Press.
68. Silverman, Eric 2005 Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson in the Sepik, 1938: A Timely Polemic from a Lost Anthropological Efflorescence. Pacific Studies 28(3-4):128-141.
69. Stocking, George 1974 Growing up to New Guinea. Review of Blackberry Winter. Isis 65(1):95-97.
70. Stocking, George 1992 The Ethnographic Sensibility of the 1920s and the Dualism of the Anthropological Tradition. In The Ethnographer's Magic and Other Essays in the History of Anthropology. George Stocking, ed. Pp. 276-341. Madison : University of Wisconsin Press.
71. Strathern, Marilyn 1984 The Punishment of Margaret Mead. Canberra Anthropology 6(1):70-79.
72. Sullivan, Gerald 2004 A Four-Fold Humanity: Margaret Mead and Psychological Types. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 40(2):183-206.
73. Sullivan, Gerald 2005 Of Feys and Culture Planners: Margaret Mead and Purposive Activity as a Value. In Reading Benedict, Reading Mead: Feminism, Race, and Imperial Visions. Dolores Janiewski and Lois Banner, eds. Pp. 101-114. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press.
74. Tarrant, Shira 2006 When Sex Became Gender. New York : Routledge.
75. Thomas, Caroline 2009 Rediscovering Reo: Reflections on the Life and Anthropological Career of Reo Franklin Fortune. In Gang of Four: Gregory Bateson, Ruth Benedict, Reo Fortune, and Margaret Mead in Multiple Contexts. Gerald Sullivan and Sharon Tiffany, eds. Special issue, Pacific Studies 32(2-3):299-324.
76. Thurnwald, Richard 1936 Review of Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. American Anthropologist 38(4):663-667.
77. Toulmin, Stephen 1984 The Evolution of Margaret Mead. New York Review of Books, December 6: 3-9.
78. Tuzin, Donald 2001 Social Complexity in the Making: A Case Study among the Arapesh of New Guinea. London : Routledge.
79. Visweswaran, Kamala 1997 Histories of Feminist Ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology 26:591-621.
80. Walton, Jean 2001 Fair Sex, Savage Dreams: Race, Psychoanalysis, Sexual Difference. Durham, NC : Duke University Press.
81. Worsley, Peter 1957 Margaret Mead: Science or Science Fiction? Science and Society 21(2):122-134.
82. Yans, Virginia 2005 On the Political Anatomy of Mead-Bashing; or, Re-Thinking Margaret Mead. In Reading Benedict, Reading Mead: Feminism, Race, and Imperial Visions. Dolores Janiewski and Lois Banner, eds. Pp. 229-248. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press.
83. Young, Michael 1980 Reo Fortune (1903-1979). Canberra Anthropology 3(1):105-108.
84. Benson, Peter, and Kevin Lewis O'Neill 2007 Facing Risk: Levinas, Ethnography, and Ethics. Anthropology of Consciousness 18(2):29-55.
85. Fiske, Shirkey J. 2006 Anthropology in Pursuit of Public Policy and Practical Knowledge. National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin 26(1):82-107.
86. Heider, Karl 1988 The Rashomon Effect: When Ethnographers Disagree. American Anthropologist 90(1):73-81.
87. Lamphere, Louise 2004 Unofficial Histories: A Vision of Anthropology from the Margins. American Anthropologist 106(1):126-139.
88. LeVine, Robert 2007 Ethnographic Studies of Childhood: A Historical Overview. American Anthropologist 109(2):247-260.
89. Rhoades, John 1989 The "Rashomon Effect" Reconsidered. American Anthropologist 91(1):171.
90. Salzman, Philip Carl 2002 On Reflexivity. American Anthropology 104(3):805-811.