CXCL4 and CXCL10 predict risk of fatal cerebral malaria

Disease Markers

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 39-49

  Wilson, Nana O ^a   Jain, Vidhan ^b   Roberts, Christina E ^c   Lucchi, Naomi ^d   Joel, Pradeep K ^e   Singh, Mrigendra P ^b   Nagpal, Avinash C ^e   Dash, Aditya P ^b   Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam ^d   Singh, Neeru ^b,f   Stiles, Jonathan K ^a  

^a MOREHOUSE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MALARIA RESEARCH   (India)

^c SPELMAN COLLEGE   (United States)

^d CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^e NSCB MEDICAL COLLEGE   (India)

^f INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH   (India)

Author keywords

cerebral malaria; CXCL10; CXCL4; IP 10; malaria; PF4; Plasmodium falciparum; ROC curve

Indexed keywords

CHEMOKINE; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR3; CXCL11 CHEMOKINE; CXCL4 CHEMOKINE; CXCL9 CHEMOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON INDUCIBLE PROTEIN 10; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN MALARIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC;

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM;

EID: 79955085793     PISSN: 02780240     EISSN: 18758630     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/DMA-2011-0763     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. A.K. Akobeng, Understanding diagnostic tests 3: Receiver operating characteristic curves, Acta Paediatr 96 (2007), 644-647. (Pubitemid 46653167)
2. D.G. Altman and J.M. Bland, Diagnostic tests 3: receiver operating characteristic plots, BMJ309 (1994), 188. (Pubitemid 24216486)
3. D.A. Arenberg, S.L. Kunkel, P.J. Polverini, S.B. Morris, M.D. Burdick, M.C. Glass, D.T. Taub, M.D. Iannettoni, R.I. Whyte and R.M. Strieter, Interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is an angiostatic factor that inhibits human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumorigenesis and spontaneous metas-tases, J Exp Med 184 (1996), 981-992.
4. H. Armah, A.K. Dodoo, E.K. Wiredu, J.K. Stiles, A.A. Adjei, R.K. Gyasi and Y. Tettey, High-level cerebellar expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules in fatal, paediatric, cerebral malaria, Ann Trop Med Parasitol 99 (2005), 629-647. (Pubitemid 41503825)
5. H.B. Armah, N.O. Wilson, B.Y. Sarfo, M.D. Powell, V.C. Bond, W. Anderson, A.A. Adjei, R.K. Gyasi, Y. Tettey, E.K. Wiredu, J.E. Tongren, V. Udhayakumar and J.K. Stiles, Cere-brospinal fluid and serum biomarkers ofcerebral malariamor-tality in Ghanaian children, Malar J 6 (2007), 147.
6. V.C. Asensio, J. Maier, R. Milner, K. Boztug, C. Kincaid, M. Moulard, C. Phillipson, K. Lindsley, T. Krucker, H.S. Fox and I.L. Campbell, Interferon-independent, human immunodefi-ciency virus type 1 gp120-mediated induction of CXCL10/IP-10 gene expression by astrocytes in vivo and in vitro, J Virol 75 (2001), 7067-7077. (Pubitemid 32641594)
7. A.T. Balde, G. Aribot, A. Tall, A. Spiegel and C. Roussilhon, Apoptosis modulation in mononuclear cells recovered from individuals exposedtoPlasmodiumfalciparum infection, Par-asite Immunol 22 (2000), 307-318. (Pubitemid 30326549)
8. A.R. Berendt, G.D. Tumer and CI. Newbold, Cerebral malar-ia: the sequestration hypothesis, Parasitol Today 10 (1994), 412-414.
9. S. Bhowmick, R. Duseja, S. Das, M.B. Appaiahgiri, S. Vrati and A. Basu, Induction of IP-10 (CXCL10) in astrocytes fol-lowing Japanese encephalitis, Neurosci Lett 414 (2007), 45-50. (Pubitemid 46241638)
10. H. Brown, T.T. Hien, N. Day, N.T. Mai, L.V. Chuong, T.T. Chau, PP. Loc, N.H. Phu, D. Bethell, J. Farrar, K. Gatter, N. White and G. Turner, Evidence ofblood-brain barrier dysfunc-tion in human cerebral malaria, Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 25 (1999), 331-340. (Pubitemid 29392713)
11. G.S. Campanella, A.M. Tager, J.K. El Khoury, S.Y Thomas, T.A. Abrazinski, L.A. Manice, R.A. Colvin and A.D. Lus-ter, Chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9 and CXCL10 are required for the development ofmurine cerebral malaria, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(2008), 4814-4819. (Pubitemid 351753829)
12. C. Casals-Pascual, R. Idro, N. Gicheru, S. Gwer, B. Kitsao, E. Gitau, R. Mwakesi, DJ. Roberts and C.R. Newton, High levels of erythropoietin are associated with protection against neu-rological sequelae in African children with cerebral malaria, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 (2008), 2634-2639. (Pubitemid 351520565)
13. J.E. Christensen, A. Nansen, T. Moos, B. Lu, C. Gerard, J.P Christensenand A.R. Thomsen, Efficient T-cell surveillance of the CNS requires expression ofthe CXC chemokine receptor 3, JNeurosci 24 (2004), 4849-4858. (Pubitemid 38668209)
14. I.A. Clark and K.A. Rockett, The cytokine theory ofhuman cerebral malaria, Parasitol Today 10 (1994), 410-412. (Pubitemid 24306850)
15. K.E. Cole, CA. Strick, TJ. Paradis, K.T. Ogborne, M. Loetscher, R.P Gladue, W. Lin, J.G. Boyd, B. Moser, D.E. Wood, B.G. Sahagan and K. Neote, Interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC): a novel non-ELR CXC chemokine with potent activity on activated T cells through selective high affinity binding to CXCR3, J Exp Med 187 (1998), 2009-2021. (Pubitemid 28285570)
16. V. Combes, N. Coltel, D. Faille, S.C. Wassmer and G.E. Grau, Cerebral malaria: role of microparticles and platelets in al-terations ofthe blood-brain barrier, Int J Parasitol 36 (2006), 541-546. (Pubitemid 44275316)
17. A.L. Conroy, E.I. Lafferty, F.E. Lovegrove, S. Krudsood, N. Tangpukdee, W.C. Liles and K.C. Kain, Whole blood angiopoietin-1 and-2 levels discriminate cerebral and severe (non-cerebral) malaria from uncomplicated malaria, Malar J 8 (2009), 295.
18. J. Croitoru-Lamoury, GJ. Guillemin, F.D. Boussin, B. Mognetti, L.I. Gigout, A. Cheret, B. Vaslin, G.R. Le, B.J. Brew and D. Dormont, Expression of chemokines and their receptors in human and simian astrocytes: evidence for a cen-tral role of TNF alpha and IFN gamma in CXCR4 and CCR5 modulation, Glia 41 (2003), 354-370. (Pubitemid 36314149)
19. J.H. Dufour, M. Dziejman, M.T. Liu, J.H. Leung, T.E. Lane and A.D. Luster, IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10; CXCL10)-deficient mice reveal a role for IP-10 in effector T cell generation and trafficking, J Immunol 168 (2002), 3195-3204. (Pubitemid 34256349)
20. A. Dzeing-Ella, PC. Nze Obiang, R. Tchoua, T. Planche, B. Mboza, M. Mbounja, U. Muller-Roemer, J. Jarvis, E. Kendjo, E. Ngou-Milama, P.G. Kremsner, S. Krishna and M. Kombila, Severe falciparum malaria in Gabonese children: clinical and laboratory features, Malar J 4 (2005), 1.
21. R. Eisman, S. Surrey, B. Ramachandran, E. Schwartz and M. Poncz, Structural and functional comparison ofthe genes for humanplatelet factor 4 and PF4alt, Blood76 (1990), 336-344. (Pubitemid 20225524)
22. E.M. Essien and M.I. Ebhota, Platelet secretory activities in acute malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) infection, Acta Haematol 70 (1983), 183-188. (Pubitemid 13028698)
23. J.M. Farber, A macrophage mRNA selectively induced by gamma-interferon encodes a member of the platelet factor 4 family of cytokines, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA87 (1990), 5238-5242.
24. J. Flier, D.M. Boorsma, D.P Bruynzeel, PJ. Van Beek, TJ. Stoof, R.J. Scheper, R. Willemze and CP. Tensen, The CXCR3 activating chemokines IP-10, Mig, and IP-9 are expressed in allergic but not in irritant patch test reactions, J Invest Dermatol 113 (1999), 574-578. (Pubitemid 29489619)
25. N.G. Frangogiannis, Chemokines in ischemia and reperfusion, Thromb Haemost 97 (2007), 738-747. (Pubitemid 46779959)
26. D. Galimberti, N. Schoonenboom, P. Scheltens, C. Fenoglio, F. Bouwman, E. Venturelli, I. Guidi, M.A. Blankenstein, N. Bresolin and E. Scarpini, Intrathecal chemokine synthesis in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease, Arch Neurol 63 (2006), 538-543.
27. M.A. Garcia-Lopez, D. Sancho, F. Sanchez-Madrid and M. Marazuela, Thyrocytes from autoimmune thyroid disorders produce the chemokines IP-10 and Mig and attract CXCR3+ lymphocytes, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 (2001), 5008-5016. (Pubitemid 33020557)
28. S. Gasperini, M. Marchi, F. Calzetti, C. Laudanna, L. Vi-centini, H. Olsen, M. Murphy, F. Liao, J. Farber and M.A. Cassatella, Gene expression and production of the monokine induced by IFN-gamma (MIG), IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) chemokines by human neutrophils, J Immunol 162 (1999), 4928-4937. (Pubitemid 29314899)
29. M. Gawaz, H. Langer and A.E. May, Platelets in inflammation and atherogenesis, J Clin Invest 115 (2005), 3378-3384. (Pubitemid 43121822)
30. D. Ghigo, R. Todde, H. Ginsburg, C. Costamagna, P. Gautret, F. Bussolino, D. Ulliers, G. Giribaldi, E. Deharo, G. Gabrielli, G. Pescarmona and A. Bosia, Erythrocyte stages of Plasmodiumfalciparum exhibit ahighnitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and release an NOS-inducing soluble factor, J Exp Med 182 (1995), 677-688.
31. F. Gimenez, L.S. Barraud de, C. Fernandez, P. Pino and D. Mazier, Tumor necrosis factor alpha in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, Cell Mol Life Sci 60 (2003), 1623-1635. (Pubitemid 37041361)
32. M. Goebeler, A. Toksoy, U. Spandau, E. Engelhardt, E.B. Brocker and R. Gillitzer, The C-X-C chemokine Mig is highly expressed in the papillae of psoriatic lesions, J Pathol 184 (1998), 89-95. (Pubitemid 28086159)
33. M. Goebeler, A. Trautmann, A. Voss, E.V. Brocker, A. Tok-soy and R. Gillitzer, Differential and sequential expression of multiple chemokines during elicitation of allergic contact hypersensitivity, Am J Pathol 158 (2001), 431-440. (Pubitemid 32158606)
34. G.E. Grau, CD. Mackenzie, R.A. Carr, M. Redard, G. Pizzo-lato, C. Allasia, C. Cataldo, TE. Taylor and M.E. Molyneux, Platelet accumulation in brain microvessels in fatal pediatric cerebral malaria, J Infect Dis 187 (2003), 461-466. (Pubitemid 36184587)
35. W.W. Hancock, B. Lu, W. Gao, V. Csizmadia, K. Faia, J.A. King, S.T Smiley, M. Ling, N.P Gerard and C. Gerard, Re-quirement of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 for acute allo-graft rejection, J Exp Med 192 (2000), 1515-1520.
36. D.S. Hansen, NJ. Bernard, C.Q. Nie and L. Schofield, NK cells stimulate recruitment of CXCR3+ T cells to the brain during Plasmodium berghei-mediated cerebral malaria, J Im-munol 178 (2007), 5779-5788. (Pubitemid 46674375)
37. PS. Hanum, M. Hayano and S. Kojima, Cytokine and chemokine responses in a cerebral malaria-susceptible or-resistant strain of mice to Plasmodium berghei ANKA infec-tion: early chemokine expression in the brain, Int Immunol 15 (2003), 633-640. (Pubitemid 36519400)
38. R. Idro, N.E. Jenkins and C.R. Newton, Pathogenesis, clinical features, andneurological outcome ofcerebral malaria, Lancet Neurol 4 (2005), 827-840. (Pubitemid 41619438)
39. R. Idro, C. Karamagi and J. Tumwine, Immediate outcome and prognostic factors for cerebral malaria among children admitted to Mulago Hospital, Uganda, Ann Trop Paediatr 24 (2004), 17-24. (Pubitemid 38379731)
40. S. Jaffar, M.B. Van Hensbroek, A. Palmer, G. Schneider and B. Greenwood, Predictors of afatal outcome following childhood cerebral malaria, Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 (1997), 20-24. (Pubitemid 27305177)
41. V. Jain, H.B. Armah, J.E. Tongren, R.M. Ned, N.O. Wilson, S. Crawford, P.K. Joel, M.P Singh, A.C. Nagpal, A.P Dash, V. Udhayakumar, N. Singh and J.K. Stiles, Plasma IP-10, apoptotic and angiogenic factors associated with fatal cerebral malaria in India, Malar J 7 (2008), 83.
42. V. Jain, A.C. Nagpal, PK. Joel, M. Shukla, M.P Singh, R.B. Gupta, A.P Dash, S.K. Mishra, V. Udhayakumar, J.K. Stiles and N. Singh, Burden of cerebral malaria in central India (2004-2007), Am J Trop Med Hyg 79 (2008), 636-642.
43. CC. John, R. Opika-Opoka, J. Byarugaba, R. Idro and M.J. Boivin, Low levels ofRANTES are associated with mortality in children with cerebral malaria, J Infect Dis 194 (2006), 837-845. (Pubitemid 44344133)
44. CC. John, A. Panoskaltsis-Mortari, R.O. Opoka, G.S. Park, PJ. Orchard, A.M. Jurek, R. Idro, J. Byarugaba and M.J. Boivin, Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels and cognitive im-pairment in cerebral malaria, Am J Trop Med Hyg 78 (2008), 198-205. (Pubitemid 351844547)
45. CC. John, G.S. Park, N. Sam-Agudu, R.O. Opoka and M.J. Boivin, Elevated serum levels of IL1ra in children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria are associated with increased severity ofdisease, Cytokine 41 (2008), 204-208.
46. I.A. Khan, J.A. Mac Lean, F.S. Lee, L. Casciotti, E. De Haan, J.D. Schwartzman and A.D. Luster, IP-10 is critical for effector T cell trafficking and host survival in Toxoplasma gondii infection, Immunity 12 (2000), 483-494.
47. R.S. Klein, E. Lin, B. Zhang, A.D. Luster, J. Tollett, M.A. Samuel, M. Engle, and M.S. Diamond, Neuronal CXCL10 directs CD8+ T-cell recruitment and control of West Nile virus encephalitis, J Virol 79 (2005), 11457-11466. (Pubitemid 41170686)
48. S.A. Kolb, B. Sporer, F. Lahrtz, U. Koedel, H.W. Pfister and A. Fontana, Identification of a T cell chemotactic factor inthe cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-1-infected individuals as interferon-gamma inducible protein 10, J Neuroimmunol 93 (1999), 172-181. (Pubitemid 29051563)
49. D.P Kwiatkowski, How malaria has affected the human genome and what human genetics can teach us about malaria, Am J Hum Genet 77 (2005), 171-192. (Pubitemid 41022702)
50. F. Lahrtz, L. Piali, D. Nadal, H.W. Pfister, K.S. Spanaus, M. Baggiolini and A. Fontana, Chemotactic activity on mononu-clear cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with vi-ral meningitis is mediated by interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, Eur J Im-munol 27 (1997), 2484-2489. (Pubitemid 27453834)
51. F. Liao, R.L. Rabin, J.R. Yannelli, L.G. Koniaris, P. Vanguri and J.M. Farber, Human Mig chemokine: biochemical and functional characterization, J Exp Med 182 (1995), 1301-1314.
52. J. Lou, Y.R. Donati, P. Juillard, C. Giroud, C. Vesin, N. Mili and G.E. Grau, Platelets play an important role in TNF-induced microvascular endothelial cell pathology,Am JPathol 151 (1997), 1397-1405. (Pubitemid 27479770)
53. F.E. Lovegrove, N. Tangpukdee, R.O. Opoka, E.I. Lafferty, N. Rajwans, M. Hawkes, S. Krudsood, S. Looareesuwan, CC. John, W.C. Liles and K.C. Kain, Serum angiopoietin-1 and-2 levels discriminate cerebral malaria from uncomplicated malaria and predict clinical outcome in African children, PLo S One 4 (2009), e4912.
54. F Mach, A. Sauty, A.S. Iarossi, G.K. Sukhova, K. Neote, P. Libby and A.D. Luster, Differential expression ofthree T lymphocyte-activating CXC chemokines by human atheroma-associated cells, J Clin Invest 104 (1999), 1041-1050. (Pubitemid 29536314)
55. K. Marsh, D. Forster, C. Waruiru, I. Mwangi, M. Winstanley, V. Marsh, C. Newton, P. Winstanley, P. Warn and N. Peshu, Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children, N Engl JMed332(1995), 1399-1404.
56. A.M. Maurer, B. Zhou and Z.C. Han, Roles ofplatelet factor 4 in hematopoiesis and angiogenesis, Growth Factors 24 (2006), 242-252. (Pubitemid 46969817)
57. BJ. McMorran, V.M. Marshall, G.C. de, K.E. Drysdale, M. Shabbar, G.K. Smyth, J.E. Corbin, W.S. Alexander and SJ. Foote, Platelets kill intraerythrocytic malarial parasites and mediate survival to infection, Science 323 (2009), 797-800.
58. D.A. Milner, Jr., CP. Dzamalala, N.G. Liomba, M.E. Molyneux and TE. Taylor, Sampling ofsupraorbital braintis-sue after death: improving onthe clinical diagnosis ofcerebral malaria, J Infect Dis 191 (2005), 805-808. (Pubitemid 40271073)
59. J. Miu, A.J. Mitchell, M. Muller, S.L. Carter, PM. Manders, J.A. McQuillan, B.M. Saunders, H.J. Ball, B. Lu, I.L. Camp-bell and N.H. Hunt, Chemokine gene expression during fatal murine cerebral malaria and protection due to CXCR3 defi-ciency, J Immunol 180 (2008), 1217-1230.
60. B. Polack, F. Peyron, Z. Sheick, I.L. Kolodie and P. mbroise-Thomas, [Erythrocytes infected by Plasmodium falciparum activate human platelets], C R Acad Sci III 310 (1990), 577-582. (Pubitemid 20256142)
61. H. Reyburn, R. Mbatia, C. Drakeley, I. Carneiro, E. Mwaka-sungula, O. Mwerinde, K. Saganda, J. Shao, A. Kitua, R. Olomi, B.M. Greenwood and CJ. Whitty, Overdiagnosis of malaria in patients with severe febrile illness in Tanzania: a prospective study, BMJ 329 (2004), 1212.
62. P. Romagnani, F. Annunziato, E. Lazzeri, L. Cosmi, C. Bel-trame, L. Lasagni, G. Galli, M. Francalanci, R. Manetti, F. Marra, V. Vanini, E. Maggi and S. Romagnani, Interferon-inducible protein 10, monokine induced by interferon gam-ma, and interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant are produced by thymic epithelial cells and attract T-cell recep-tor (TCR) alphabeta+ CD8+ single-positive T cells, TCRgam-madelta+ T cells, and natural killer-type cells in human thy-mus, Blood 97 (2001), 601-607. (Pubitemid 32114160)
63. M. M. Rosenkilde and T. W. Schwartz, The chemokine system amajorregulator of angiogenesis inhealth and disease, APMIS 112 (2004), 481-495. (Pubitemid 39626055)
64. K.B. Seydel, D.A. Milner, Jr., S.B. Kamiza, M.E. Molyneux and TE. Taylor, The distribution and intensity of parasite se-questration in comatose Malawian children, J Infect Dis 194 (2006), 208-205.
65. V.P Sharma, Re-emergence of malaria in India, Indian J Med Res 103 (1996), 26-45. (Pubitemid 26030888)
66. J.E. Simpson, J. Newcombe, M.L. Cuzner and M.N. Woodroofe, Expression of the interferon-gamma-inducible chemokines IP-10 and Mig andtheirreceptor, CXCR3, in mul-tiple sclerosis lesions, Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 26 (2000), 133-142. (Pubitemid 30251386)
67. S. Singh, N. Singh and R. Handa, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with malaria, Indian J Malariol 37 (2000), 27-33.
68. K. Srivastava, I.A. Cockburn, A. Swaim, L.E. Thompson, A. Tripathi, CA. Fletcher, E.M. Shirk, H. Sun, M.A. Kowalska, K. Fox-Talbot, D. Sullivan, F. Zavala and CN. Morrell, Platelet factor 4 mediates inflammation in experimental cere-bral malaria, Cell Host. Microbe 4 (2008), 179-187.
69. K. Srivastava, D.J. Field, A. Aggrey, M. Yamakuchi and CN. Morrell, Platelet factor 4 regulation of monocyte KLF4 in experimental cerebral malaria, PLo SOne 5 (2010), e10413.
70. Y. Sui, R. Potula, N. Dhillon, D. Pinson, S. Li, A. Nath, C. Anderson, J. Turchan, D. Kolson, O. Narayan and S. Buch, Neuronal apoptosis is mediated by CXCL10 overexpression in simian human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis, Am J Pathol 164 (2004), 1557-1566. (Pubitemid 38529758)
71. Y. Sui, R. Potula, D. Pinson, I. Adany, Z. Li, J. Day, E. Buch, J. Segebrecht, F. Villinger, Z. Liu, M. Huang, O. Narayan and S. Buch, Microarray analysis ofcytokine and chemokine genes in the brains of macaques with SHIV-encephalitis, J Med Primatol 32 (2003), 229-239. (Pubitemid 37021248)
72. Z. Taoufiq, F. Gay, J. Balvanyos, L. Ciceron, M. Tefit, P. Lechat and D. Mazier, Rho kinase inhibition in severe malaria: thwarting parasite-induced collateral damage to endothelia, J Infect Dis 197 (2008), 1062-1073. (Pubitemid 351590036)
73. TE. Taylor, W.J. Fu, R.A. Carr, R.O. Whitten, J.S. Mueller, N.G. Fosiko, S. Lewallen, N.G. Liomba and M.E. Molyneux, Differentiating the pathologies of cerebral malaria by post-mortem parasite counts, Nat Med 10 (2004), 143-145. (Pubitemid 38524882)
74. CP. Tensen, J. Flier, E.M. Van Der Raaij-Helmer, S. Sampat-Sardjoepersad, R.C. Van Der Schors, R. Leurs, R.J. Scheper, D.M. Boorsma and R. Willemze, Human IP-9: Akeratinocyte-derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP10/Mig receptor (CXCR3), J Invest Dermatol 112 (1999), 716-722. (Pubitemid 29220713)
75. A. Toure-Balde, J.L. Sarthou, G. Aribot, P. Michel, J.F. Trape, C. Rogier and C. Roussilhon, Plasmodium falciparum in-duces apoptosis inhumanmononuclear cells, Infect Immun64 (1996), 744-750. (Pubitemid 26065543)
76. H.C. van der Heyde, I. Gramaglia, G. Sun and C. Woods, Platelet depletion by anti-CD41 (alphaIIb) mAb injection early but not late in the course of disease protects against Plasmod-ium berghei pathogenesis by altering the levels of pathogenic cytokines, Blood 105 (2005), 1956-1963. (Pubitemid 40731778)
77. M.C. von Zur, N.R. Sibson, K. Peter, SJ. Campbell, P. Wilainam, G.E. Grau, C. Bode, R.P Choudhury and D.C. Anthony, A contrast agent recognizing activated platelets reveals murine cerebral malaria pathology undetectable by conven-tional MRI, J Clin Invest 118 (2008), 1198-1207. (Pubitemid 351364626)
78. S.C. Wassmer, V. Combes, FJ. Candal, I. Juhan-Vague and G.E. Grau, Platelets potentiate brain endothelial alterations induced by Plasmodium falciparum, Infect Immun 74 (2006), 645-653. (Pubitemid 43023120)
79. S.C. Wassmer, V. Combes and G.E. Grau, Pathophysiology of cerebral malaria: role of host cells in the modulation of cytoadhesion,Ann NYAcad Sci 992 (2003), 30-38. (Pubitemid 36706634)
80. WHO, Severe falciparum malaria. World Health Organization, Communicable Diseases Cluster, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94(Suppl 1) (2000), S1-90.
81. N.O. Wilson, M.B. Huang, W. Anderson, V. Bond, M. Powell, W.E. Thompson, H.B. Armah, A.A. Adjei, R. Gyasi, Y. Tettey and J.K. Stiles, Soluble factors from Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes induce apoptosis in human brain vascular endothelial and neuroglia cells, Mol Biochem Parasitol 162 (2008), 172-176.
82. P. Wong, CW. Severns, N.B. Guyer and T.M. Wright, A unique palindromic element mediates gamma interferon in-duction of mig gene expression, Mol Cell Biol 14 (1994), 914-922. (Pubitemid 24036541)
83. B. Zhang, Y.K. Chan, B. Lu, M.S. Diamond and R.S. Klein, CXCR3 mediates region-specific antiviral T cell trafficking within the central nervous system during West Nile virus en-cephalitis, J Immunol 180 (2008), 2641-2649.