메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 261, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 2049-2067

Behind the flaming zone: Predicting woody fuel consumption in eucalypt forest fires in southern Australia

Author keywords

Coarse woody debris; Eucalypt forest fire; Forest Fire Danger Index; Woody fuel consumption

Indexed keywords

AUSTRALIA; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; COMBUSTION STAGE; DATA SETS; EMISSION TARGETS; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; EUCALYPT FOREST; EUCALYPT FOREST FIRE; FIRE BEHAVIOUR; FIRE MANAGERS; FOREST FIRE DANGER INDEX; FOREST FIRES; FUEL CHARACTERISTICS; FUEL LOADS; FUEL PARTICLES; HIGH INTENSITY; LAND MANAGEMENTS; LINEAR MODEL; MEAN ABSOLUTE ERROR; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; POST-FIRE; WOODY FUEL CONSUMPTION;

EID: 79955021443     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.031     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (123)
  • 3
    • 0004084736 scopus 로고
    • Heat transfer and fire spread
    • Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Ogden, Utah.
    • Anderson, H.E., 1969. Heat transfer and fire spread. Research Paper INT-69. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Ogden, Utah.
    • (1969) Research Paper INT-69. USDA Forest Service
    • Anderson, H.E.1
  • 4
    • 51249190371 scopus 로고
    • Forest fuel ignitability
    • Anderson H.E. Forest fuel ignitability. Fire Technology 1970, 6:312-319.
    • (1970) Fire Technology , vol.6 , pp. 312-319
    • Anderson, H.E.1
  • 6
    • 79955014457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribed burning impacts on some coastal British Columbia ecosystems
    • Information Report BC-X-403. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre. Victoria, British Columbia.
    • Beese, W.J., Blackwell, B.A., Green, R.N., Hawkes, B.C., 2006. Prescribed burning impacts on some coastal British Columbia ecosystems. Information Report BC-X-403. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre. Victoria, British Columbia.
    • (2006)
    • Beese, W.J.1    Blackwell, B.A.2    Green, R.N.3    Hawkes, B.C.4
  • 8
    • 79955010500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • glmmML: Generalised linear models with clustering. R package version 0.81-6.
    • Broström, G., 2009. glmmML: Generalised linear models with clustering. R package version 0.81-6. http://cran.r-project.org/packages=glmmML.
    • (2009)
    • Broström, G.1
  • 10
    • 0002265638 scopus 로고
    • Combustion of forest fuels
    • McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, J.K. Brown, K.P. Davis (Eds.)
    • Brown J.K., Davis K.P. Combustion of forest fuels. Forest Fire: Control and Use 1973, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. J.K. Brown, K.P. Davis (Eds.).
    • (1973) Forest Fire: Control and Use
    • Brown, J.K.1    Davis, K.P.2
  • 13
  • 14
    • 0003608075 scopus 로고
    • The Soil Dryness Index for use in fire control in the south-west of Western Australia
    • Technical Report No. 17. Department of Conservation and Land Management. Como, Western Australia.
    • Burrows, N.D., 1987. The Soil Dryness Index for use in fire control in the south-west of Western Australia. Technical Report No. 17. Department of Conservation and Land Management. Como, Western Australia.
    • (1987)
    • Burrows, N.D.1
  • 15
    • 0003456497 scopus 로고
    • Experimental development of a fire management model for jarrah (Eucalyptus MarginataDonn ex Sm.) forest
    • Canberra, ACT.
    • Burrows, N.D., 1994. Experimental development of a fire management model for jarrah (Eucalyptus MarginataDonn ex Sm.) forest. Doctor of Philosophy. Australian National University. Canberra, ACT.
    • (1994) Doctor of Philosophy. Australian National University
    • Burrows, N.D.1
  • 16
    • 0035600320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flame residence times and rates of weight loss of eucalypt forest fuel particles
    • Burrows N.D. Flame residence times and rates of weight loss of eucalypt forest fuel particles. International Journal of Wildland Fire 2001, 10:137-143.
    • (2001) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.10 , pp. 137-143
    • Burrows, N.D.1
  • 17
    • 27444439941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire in south-west Western Australia: synthesis of current knowledge, management implications and new research directions
    • Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, I. Abbott, N.D. Burrows (Eds.)
    • Burrows N.D., Abbott I. Fire in south-west Western Australia: synthesis of current knowledge, management implications and new research directions. Fire in Ecosystems of South-West Western Australia: Impacts and Management 2003, 437-452. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. I. Abbott, N.D. Burrows (Eds.).
    • (2003) Fire in Ecosystems of South-West Western Australia: Impacts and Management , pp. 437-452
    • Burrows, N.D.1    Abbott, I.2
  • 18
    • 0002265638 scopus 로고
    • Combustion of forest fuels
    • McGraw-Hill, New York, K.P. Davis (Ed.)
    • Byram G.M. Combustion of forest fuels. Forest fire: Control and use 1959, 61-89. McGraw-Hill, New York. K.P. Davis (Ed.).
    • (1959) Forest fire: Control and use , pp. 61-89
    • Byram, G.M.1
  • 24
    • 78650533156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire behaviour during the Pickering Brook wildfire, January 2005 (Perth Hills Fires 71-81)
    • Cheney N.P. Fire behaviour during the Pickering Brook wildfire, January 2005 (Perth Hills Fires 71-81). Conservation Science Western Australia 2010, 7:451-468.
    • (2010) Conservation Science Western Australia , vol.7 , pp. 451-468
    • Cheney, N.P.1
  • 25
  • 27
    • 0003485198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL, USA
    • Collett D. Modelling Binary Data 2003, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL, USA. second ed.
    • (2003) Modelling Binary Data
    • Collett, D.1
  • 29
    • 64849090862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest floor fuel consumption and carbon emissions in Canadian boreal forest fires
    • de Groot W.J., Pritchard J.M., Lynham T.J. Forest floor fuel consumption and carbon emissions in Canadian boreal forest fires. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 2009, 39:367-382.
    • (2009) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.39 , pp. 367-382
    • de Groot, W.J.1    Pritchard, J.M.2    Lynham, T.J.3
  • 31
    • 84950612786 scopus 로고
    • Regression and ANOVA with zero-one data: measures of residual variation
    • Effron B. Regression and ANOVA with zero-one data: measures of residual variation. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1978, 73:113-121.
    • (1978) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.73 , pp. 113-121
    • Effron, B.1
  • 32
    • 0020830848 scopus 로고
    • Biomass consumption and smoke production by prehistoric and modern forest fires in western Washington
    • Fahnestock G.R., Agee J.K. Biomass consumption and smoke production by prehistoric and modern forest fires in western Washington. Journal of Forestry 1983, 81:653-657.
    • (1983) Journal of Forestry , vol.81 , pp. 653-657
    • Fahnestock, G.R.1    Agee, J.K.2
  • 33
    • 79954988655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial modelling of post-frontal fire behavior
    • Final Report RMRS-99557-RJVA. Systems for Environmental Management. Missoula, Montana.
    • Finney, M.A., 1999. Spatial modelling of post-frontal fire behavior. Final Report RMRS-99557-RJVA. Systems for Environmental Management. Missoula, Montana.
    • (1999)
    • Finney, M.A.1
  • 35
    • 83255180411 scopus 로고
    • Project fire model
    • Summary Progress Report 2. USDA Forest Service, South-East Forest Experiment Station. Macon, Georgia.
    • Fons, W.L., Clements, H.B., Elliot, E.,R., George, P.M., 1962. Project fire model. Summary Progress Report 2. USDA Forest Service, South-East Forest Experiment Station. Macon, Georgia.
    • (1962)
    • Fons, W.L.1    Clements, H.B.2    Elliot, E.R.3    George, P.M.4
  • 36
    • 79955030610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest Fire Management Group
    • Sub-committee of Forestry and Forest Products Committee of the Australian Government Primary Industries Ministerial Council.
    • Forest Fire Management Group, 2007. The place of fire in the Australian environment. A position paper of the Forest Fire Management Group. Sub-committee of Forestry and Forest Products Committee of the Australian Government Primary Industries Ministerial Council.
    • (2007) The place of fire in the Australian environment. A position paper of the Forest Fire Management Group
  • 37
    • 0002657384 scopus 로고
    • Drying rates of heartwood below fibre saturation
    • Fosberg M.A. Drying rates of heartwood below fibre saturation. Forest Science 1970, 16:57-63.
    • (1970) Forest Science , vol.16 , pp. 57-63
    • Fosberg, M.A.1
  • 38
    • 0003859290 scopus 로고
    • Moisture content calculations for 1000-h timelag fuels
    • Fosberg M.A., Rothermel R.C., Andrews P.L. Moisture content calculations for 1000-h timelag fuels. Forest Science 1981, 27:19-26.
    • (1981) Forest Science , vol.27 , pp. 19-26
    • Fosberg, M.A.1    Rothermel, R.C.2    Andrews, P.L.3
  • 39
    • 0008129304 scopus 로고
    • Role of moisture in the flammability of natural fuels in the laboratory
    • Gill A.M., Trollope W.S.W., MacArthur D.A. Role of moisture in the flammability of natural fuels in the laboratory. Australian Forest Research 1978, 8:199-208.
    • (1978) Australian Forest Research , vol.8 , pp. 199-208
    • Gill, A.M.1    Trollope, W.S.W.2    MacArthur, D.A.3
  • 40
    • 34548025296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire behaviour: integrating science and management
    • CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia, G.J. Cary, D. Lindenmayer, S. Dovers (Eds.)
    • Gould J. Fire behaviour: integrating science and management. Australia burning: Fire ecology, policy and management issues 2003, 54-64. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia. G.J. Cary, D. Lindenmayer, S. Dovers (Eds.).
    • (2003) Australia burning: Fire ecology, policy and management issues , pp. 54-64
    • Gould, J.1
  • 41
    • 77955514453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire management in Australian forests
    • Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, ACT, Australia, R.J. Raison, R.O. Squire (Eds.)
    • Gould J., Cheney N.P. Fire management in Australian forests. Forest Management in Australia: Implications for Carbon Budgets 2007, Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, ACT, Australia. R.J. Raison, R.O. Squire (Eds.).
    • (2007) Forest Management in Australia: Implications for Carbon Budgets
    • Gould, J.1    Cheney, N.P.2
  • 42
    • 77955514113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Final report on prediction of bushfire spread for the Australian Co-ordination Committee International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)
    • Project: 4/95. CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, Bushfire Behaviour and Management Group.
    • Gould, J.S., Cheney, N.P., Hutchings, P.T., Cheney, S., 1996. Final report on prediction of bushfire spread for the Australian Co-ordination Committee International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). Project: 4/95. CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, Bushfire Behaviour and Management Group.
    • (1996)
    • Gould, J.S.1    Cheney, N.P.2    Hutchings, P.T.3    Cheney, S.4
  • 45
    • 0347603433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coarse woody debris, biodiversity and management: a review with particular reference to Tasmanian wet eucalypt forests
    • Grove S., Meggs J. Coarse woody debris, biodiversity and management: a review with particular reference to Tasmanian wet eucalypt forests. Australian Forestry 2003, 66:258-272.
    • (2003) Australian Forestry , vol.66 , pp. 258-272
    • Grove, S.1    Meggs, J.2
  • 46
    • 0000436538 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of fuel consumption between high intensity and moderate intensity fires in logging slash
    • Hall J.N. Comparison of fuel consumption between high intensity and moderate intensity fires in logging slash. Northwest Science 1991, 65:158-165.
    • (1991) Northwest Science , vol.65 , pp. 158-165
    • Hall, J.N.1
  • 47
    • 0026314317 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fuel reduction burning on a Eucalyptus obliqua forest ecosystem in Victoria
    • Hamilton S.D., Lawrie A.C., Hopmans P., Leonard B.V. Effects of fuel reduction burning on a Eucalyptus obliqua forest ecosystem in Victoria. Australian Journal of Botany 1991, 39:203-217.
    • (1991) Australian Journal of Botany , vol.39 , pp. 203-217
    • Hamilton, S.D.1    Lawrie, A.C.2    Hopmans, P.3    Leonard, B.V.4
  • 50
    • 79954986668 scopus 로고
    • Testing large woody fuel consumption models for prescribed fires in British Columbia
    • Society of American Foresters, GA, USA, M.D. Bethesda (Ed.)
    • Hawkes B.C., Taylor S.W. Testing large woody fuel consumption models for prescribed fires in British Columbia. 12th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology 1993, 461-471. Society of American Foresters, GA, USA. M.D. Bethesda (Ed.).
    • (1993) 12th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology , pp. 461-471
    • Hawkes, B.C.1    Taylor, S.W.2
  • 52
    • 79954986995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • in press. The effect of fireline intensity on woody fuel consumption in southern Australian eucalypt forest fires. Australian Forestry.
    • Hollis, J.J., Anderson, W.R., McCaw, W.L., Cruz, M.G., Burrows, N.D., Ward, B., Tolhurst, K.G., Gould, J., in press. The effect of fireline intensity on woody fuel consumption in southern Australian eucalypt forest fires. Australian Forestry.
    • Hollis, J.J.1    Anderson, W.R.2    McCaw, W.L.3    Cruz, M.G.4    Burrows, N.D.5    Ward, B.6    Tolhurst, K.G.7    Gould, J.8
  • 53
    • 26544454233 scopus 로고
    • Fuel consumption and fire behaviour of hazard reduction burns
    • Research Paper SE-36. USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. Ashville, NC, USA.
    • Hough, W.A., 1968. Fuel consumption and fire behaviour of hazard reduction burns. Research Paper SE-36. USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. Ashville, NC, USA.
    • (1968)
    • Hough, W.A.1
  • 54
    • 0024933935 scopus 로고
    • Fire behavior, fuel consumption, and forest-floor changes following prescribed understory fires in Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests
    • Kauffman J.B., Martin R.E. Fire behavior, fuel consumption, and forest-floor changes following prescribed understory fires in Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 1989, 19:455-462.
    • (1989) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.19 , pp. 455-462
    • Kauffman, J.B.1    Martin, R.E.2
  • 56
    • 14744289903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuel reduction and coarse woody debris dynamics with early season and late season prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest
    • Knapp E.E., Keeley J.E., Ballenger E.A., Brennan T.J. Fuel reduction and coarse woody debris dynamics with early season and late season prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest. Forest Ecology and Management 2005, 208:383-397.
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.208 , pp. 383-397
    • Knapp, E.E.1    Keeley, J.E.2    Ballenger, E.A.3    Brennan, T.J.4
  • 58
    • 21744456040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probability of sustained smouldering ignition for some boreal forest duff types
    • Forest Management Note 63. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. Edmonton, Alberta.
    • Lawson, B.D., Frandsen, W.H., Hawkes, B.C., Dalrymple, G.N., 1997. Probability of sustained smouldering ignition for some boreal forest duff types. Forest Management Note 63. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. Edmonton, Alberta.
    • (1997)
    • Lawson, B.D.1    Frandsen, W.H.2    Hawkes, B.C.3    Dalrymple, G.N.4
  • 59
    • 0004275585 scopus 로고
    • Bushfires in Australia
    • Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
    • Luke, R.H., McArthur, A.G., 1977. Bushfires in Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
    • (1977)
    • Luke, R.H.1    McArthur, A.G.2
  • 60
    • 67649305697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuel characteristics and low intensity burning inEucalyptus obliquawet forest at the Warra LTER site
    • Marsden-Smedley J.B., Slijepcevic A. Fuel characteristics and low intensity burning inEucalyptus obliquawet forest at the Warra LTER site. Tasforests 2001, 13:261-280.
    • (2001) Tasforests , vol.13 , pp. 261-280
    • Marsden-Smedley, J.B.1    Slijepcevic, A.2
  • 65
    • 77956990779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of drying temperature on fuel moisture content measurements
    • Matthews S. Effect of drying temperature on fuel moisture content measurements. International Journal of Wildland Fire 2010, 19:800-802.
    • (2010) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.19 , pp. 800-802
    • Matthews, S.1
  • 66
    • 0003751082 scopus 로고
    • Fire behaviour in eucalypt forests
    • Leaflet No. 107. Forest Research Institute, Forestry and Timber Bureau. Canberra, ACT.
    • McArthur, A.G., 1967. Fire behaviour in eucalypt forests. Leaflet No. 107. Forest Research Institute, Forestry and Timber Bureau. Canberra, ACT.
    • (1967)
    • McArthur, A.G.1
  • 67
    • 4243111657 scopus 로고
    • The characterisation of fires in relation to ecological studies
    • McArthur A.G., Cheney N.P. The characterisation of fires in relation to ecological studies. Australian Forest Research 1966, 2:36-45.
    • (1966) Australian Forest Research , vol.2 , pp. 36-45
    • McArthur, A.G.1    Cheney, N.P.2
  • 68
    • 0039893483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overall fuel hazard guide
    • Department of Natural Resources and Environment-Fire Management Branch, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    • McCarthy, G.J., Tolhurst, K.G., Chatto, K., 1999. Overall fuel hazard guide. Department of Natural Resources and Environment-Fire Management Branch, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    • (1999)
    • McCarthy, G.J.1    Tolhurst, K.G.2    Chatto, K.3
  • 69
    • 0031496954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribed burning of thinning slash in regrowth stands of karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor).1. Fire characteristics, fuel consumption and tree damage
    • McCaw W.L., Smith R.H., Neal J.E. Prescribed burning of thinning slash in regrowth stands of karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor).1. Fire characteristics, fuel consumption and tree damage. International Journal of Wildland Fire 1997, 7:29-40.
    • (1997) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.7 , pp. 29-40
    • McCaw, W.L.1    Smith, R.H.2    Neal, J.E.3
  • 71
    • 0008591774 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary fuel consumption guidelines for prescribed burning in Ontario slash fuel complexes
    • Report O-X-316. Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forest Research Centre. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.
    • McRae, D.J., 1980. Preliminary fuel consumption guidelines for prescribed burning in Ontario slash fuel complexes. Report O-X-316. Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forest Research Centre. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.
    • (1980)
    • McRae, D.J.1
  • 72
    • 0039301344 scopus 로고
    • The derivation and testing of a Soil Dryness Index using run-off data
    • Bulletin No. 4. Tasmanian Forestry Commission.
    • Mount, A.B., 1972. The derivation and testing of a Soil Dryness Index using run-off data. Bulletin No. 4. Tasmanian Forestry Commission.
    • (1972)
    • Mount, A.B.1
  • 73
    • 0042205046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaction times and burning rates for wind tunnel headfires
    • Nelson J.R.M. Reaction times and burning rates for wind tunnel headfires. International Journal of Wildland Fire 2003, 12:195-211.
    • (2003) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.12 , pp. 195-211
    • Nelson, J.R.M.1
  • 74
    • 3042960758 scopus 로고
    • Fire intensity-fuel reduction relationships associated with understorey burning in larch/Douglas-fir stands
    • Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference No. 14 and Intermountain Fire Research Council Fire and Land Management Symposium
    • Norum, R.A., 1976. Fire intensity-fuel reduction relationships associated with understorey burning in larch/Douglas-fir stands. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference No. 14 and Intermountain Fire Research Council Fire and Land Management Symposium, pp. 559-572.
    • (1976) , pp. 559-572
    • Norum, R.A.1
  • 75
    • 0000292086 scopus 로고
    • The Bushrangers Experiment: hydrological response of a eucalypt catchment to fire
    • The Institution of Engineers, Australia
    • O' Loughlin E.M., Cheney N.P., Burns J. The Bushrangers Experiment: hydrological response of a eucalypt catchment to fire. The First National Symposium on Forest Hydrology 1982, The Institution of Engineers, Australia.
    • (1982) The First National Symposium on Forest Hydrology
    • O' Loughlin, E.M.1    Cheney, N.P.2    Burns, J.3
  • 77
    • 79955025544 scopus 로고
    • Improved prediction of fuel consumption during spring-like prescribed burns
    • USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Seattle, Washington, USA.
    • Ottmar, R.D., Hall, J.N., Vihnanek, R.E., 1990. Improved prediction of fuel consumption during spring-like prescribed burns. Fire and Air Resource Management Project-Final Report. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Seattle, Washington, USA.
    • (1990) Fire and Air Resource Management Project-Final Report
    • Ottmar, R.D.1    Hall, J.N.2    Vihnanek, R.E.3
  • 79
    • 70349549664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke management: Techniques to reduce or redistribute emissions
    • Smoke management guide for prescribed and wildland fire. 2001 edition (NFES 1279). National Wildfire Coordination Group, Fire Use Working Team. Boise, Idaho.
    • Ottmar, R.D., Peterson, J.L., Leenhouts, B., Core, J.E., 2001. Smoke management: Techniques to reduce or redistribute emissions. Smoke management guide for prescribed and wildland fire. 2001 edition (NFES 1279). National Wildfire Coordination Group, Fire Use Working Team. Boise, Idaho.
    • (2001)
    • Ottmar, R.D.1    Peterson, J.L.2    Leenhouts, B.3    Core, J.E.4
  • 85
    • 5444260926 scopus 로고
    • Fire behavior in upland jack pine: the Darwin Lake Project
    • Information Report NOR-X-174. Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forest Research Centre. Edmonton, Alberta.
    • Quintilio, D., Fahnestock, G.R., Dube, D.E., 1977. Fire behavior in upland jack pine: the Darwin Lake Project. Information Report NOR-X-174. Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forest Research Centre. Edmonton, Alberta.
    • (1977)
    • Quintilio, D.1    Fahnestock, G.R.2    Dube, D.E.3
  • 86
    • 0006366534 scopus 로고
    • Spring fires in a semimature trembling aspen stand in central Alberta
    • Information Report NOR-X-323. Forestry Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre. Edmonton, Alberta.
    • Quintilio, D., Alexander, M.E., Ponto, R.L., 1991. Spring fires in a semimature trembling aspen stand in central Alberta. Information Report NOR-X-323. Forestry Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre. Edmonton, Alberta.
    • (1991)
    • Quintilio, D.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Ponto, R.L.3
  • 87
    • 5344244656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
    • R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing 2008, R Development Core Team, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. second ed.
    • (2008) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 89
    • 0003685865 scopus 로고
    • A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels
    • Research Paper INT-115. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Ogden, UT, USA.
    • Rothermel, R.C., 1972. A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels. Research Paper INT-115. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Ogden, UT, USA.
    • (1972)
    • Rothermel, R.C.1
  • 91
    • 79955028059 scopus 로고
    • Scheduling prescribed fires for wetter periods reduces air pollutant emissions
    • Sandberg D.V. Scheduling prescribed fires for wetter periods reduces air pollutant emissions. 8th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology 1985.
    • (1985) 8th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology
    • Sandberg, D.V.1
  • 93
    • 79955010194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling ignition probability of thinned lodgepole pine stands
    • Advantage 7 (12).
    • Schroeder, D., Russo, G., Beck, J., Hawkes, B., Dalrymple, G., 2006. Modelling ignition probability of thinned lodgepole pine stands. Advantage 7 (12).
    • (2006)
    • Schroeder, D.1    Russo, G.2    Beck, J.3    Hawkes, B.4    Dalrymple, G.5
  • 94
    • 0348128613 scopus 로고
    • Pyrolysis and combustion of cellulostic materials
    • Shafizadeh F. Pyrolysis and combustion of cellulostic materials. Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry 1968, 23:419-474.
    • (1968) Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry , vol.23 , pp. 419-474
    • Shafizadeh, F.1
  • 95
    • 0018058632 scopus 로고
    • Combustion, combustibility, and heat release of forest fuels
    • AICHE Symposium Series No. 177, Vol. 74, 76-82.
    • Shafizadeh, F., 1978. Combustion, combustibility, and heat release of forest fuels. AICHE Symposium Series No. 177, Vol. 74, 76-82.
    • (1978)
    • Shafizadeh, F.1
  • 97
    • 57649243792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire spread experiments in the field: temperature and heat fluxes measurements
    • Silvani X., Morandini F. Fire spread experiments in the field: temperature and heat fluxes measurements. Fire Safety Journal 2009, 44:279-285.
    • (2009) Fire Safety Journal , vol.44 , pp. 279-285
    • Silvani, X.1    Morandini, F.2
  • 98
    • 14744291556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of fire on the dynamics of dead woody material in forests of California and southwestern Oregon
    • W.F. Laudenslayer, P.J. Shea, B.E. Valentine, C.P. Weatherspoon, T.E. Lisle (Eds.)
    • Skinner C.N., Morandini F. Influence of fire on the dynamics of dead woody material in forests of California and southwestern Oregon. Proceedings of the Symposium on the Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests 2002, W.F. Laudenslayer, P.J. Shea, B.E. Valentine, C.P. Weatherspoon, T.E. Lisle (Eds.).
    • (2002) Proceedings of the Symposium on the Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests
    • Skinner, C.N.1    Morandini, F.2
  • 101
    • 0036922583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Season of burn influences on fire behavior and fuel consumption in restored shortleaf pine-grassland communities
    • Sparks J.C., Masters R.E., Engle D.M., Bukenhofer G.A. Season of burn influences on fire behavior and fuel consumption in restored shortleaf pine-grassland communities. Restoration Ecology 2002, 10:714-722.
    • (2002) Restoration Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 714-722
    • Sparks, J.C.1    Masters, R.E.2    Engle, D.M.3    Bukenhofer, G.A.4
  • 104
    • 0036507551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the radiant heat flux from burning logs in a forest following a fire
    • Sullivan A.L., Knight I.K., Cheney N.P. Predicting the radiant heat flux from burning logs in a forest following a fire. Australian Forestry 2002, 65:59-67.
    • (2002) Australian Forestry , vol.65 , pp. 59-67
    • Sullivan, A.L.1    Knight, I.K.2    Cheney, N.P.3
  • 105
    • 79955007574 scopus 로고
    • Heat of preignition of three woody fuels used in wildfire modeling research
    • Research Note. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Ogden, UT, USA.
    • Sussot, R.A., 1984. Heat of preignition of three woody fuels used in wildfire modeling research. Research Note. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Ogden, UT, USA.
    • (1984)
    • Sussot, R.A.1
  • 107
    • 79954999586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences
    • University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT (Personal Communication).
    • Tate, A., 2010. School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT (Personal Communication).
    • (2010)
    • Tate, A.1
  • 108
    • 79955003496 scopus 로고
    • Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
    • Test Method T268 OM-94. Atlanta, GA, USA.
    • Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, 1994. Basic density and moisture content of pulpwood. Test Method T268 OM-94. Atlanta, GA, USA.
    • (1994) Basic density and moisture content of pulpwood
  • 109
    • 54249104723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass consumption and smoke emissions from contemporary and prehistoric wildland fires in British Columbia
    • FRDA Report 249. Canadian Forest Service.
    • Taylor, S.W., Sherman, K.L., 1996. Biomass consumption and smoke emissions from contemporary and prehistoric wildland fires in British Columbia. FRDA Report 249. Canadian Forest Service.
    • (1996)
    • Taylor, S.W.1    Sherman, K.L.2
  • 110
    • 0033671133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coarse woody debris following fire and logging in Wyoming lodgepole pine forests
    • Tinker D.B., Knight D.H. Coarse woody debris following fire and logging in Wyoming lodgepole pine forests. Ecosystems 2000, 3:472-483.
    • (2000) Ecosystems , vol.3 , pp. 472-483
    • Tinker, D.B.1    Knight, D.H.2
  • 111
    • 79955039684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The MathWorks Inc., Matlab R2010a.
    • The MathWorks Inc., 2010. Matlab R2010a.
    • (2010)
  • 112
    • 0013276220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synopsis of the knowledge used in prescribed burning in Victoria
    • Department of Natural Resources and Environment. East Melbourne, Victoria.
    • Tolhurst, K.G., Cheney, N.P., 1999. Synopsis of the knowledge used in prescribed burning in Victoria. Department of Natural Resources and Environment. East Melbourne, Victoria.
    • (1999)
    • Tolhurst, K.G.1    Cheney, N.P.2
  • 114
    • 70449558928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of creating two forest structures and using prescribed fire on coarse woody debris in northeastern California, USA
    • Uzoh F.C.C., Skinner C.N. Effects of creating two forest structures and using prescribed fire on coarse woody debris in northeastern California, USA. Fire Ecology 2009, 5:1-13.
    • (2009) Fire Ecology , vol.5 , pp. 1-13
    • Uzoh, F.C.C.1    Skinner, C.N.2
  • 115
    • 0002379762 scopus 로고
    • The line intersect method in forest fuel sampling
    • Van Wagner C.E. The line intersect method in forest fuel sampling. Forest Science 1968, 14:20-26.
    • (1968) Forest Science , vol.14 , pp. 20-26
    • Van Wagner, C.E.1
  • 116
    • 0019757044 scopus 로고
    • Fuel dynamics in Australian vegetation
    • Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, A.M. Gill, R.H. Groves, I.R. Noble (Eds.)
    • Walker J. Fuel dynamics in Australian vegetation. Fire and the Australian biota 1981, Australian Academy of Science, Canberra. A.M. Gill, R.H. Groves, I.R. Noble (Eds.).
    • (1981) Fire and the Australian biota
    • Walker, J.1
  • 117
    • 0942273387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combustion chemistry and smoke
    • Academic Press, USA, E.A. Johnson, K. Miyanishi (Eds.)
    • Ward D. Combustion chemistry and smoke. Forest Fires: Behavior and Ecological Effects 2001, Academic Press, USA. E.A. Johnson, K. Miyanishi (Eds.).
    • (2001) Forest Fires: Behavior and Ecological Effects
    • Ward, D.1
  • 119
    • 0035370591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginataSm.) and marri (Corymbia calophylla Lindl.) habitat trees retained after logging
    • Whitford K.R., Williams M.R. Survival of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginataSm.) and marri (Corymbia calophylla Lindl.) habitat trees retained after logging. Forest Ecology and Management 2001, 146:181-197.
    • (2001) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.146 , pp. 181-197
    • Whitford, K.R.1    Williams, M.R.2
  • 120
    • 0020386641 scopus 로고
    • Some comments on the evaluation of model performance
    • Willmott C.J. Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bulletin American Meteorological Society 1982, 63:1309-1313.
    • (1982) Bulletin American Meteorological Society , vol.63 , pp. 1309-1313
    • Willmott, C.J.1
  • 121
    • 31344441418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coarse woody debris in Australian forest ecosystems: a review
    • Woldendorp G., Keenan R.J. Coarse woody debris in Australian forest ecosystems: a review. Austral Ecology 2005, 30:834-843.
    • (2005) Austral Ecology , vol.30 , pp. 834-843
    • Woldendorp, G.1    Keenan, R.J.2
  • 122
    • 79954993188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass consumption during prescribed fires in big sagebrush ecosystems
    • USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Portland, OR, USA, P.L. Andrews, B.W. Butler (Eds.)
    • Wright C.S., Prichard S.J. Biomass consumption during prescribed fires in big sagebrush ecosystems. Fuels Management: How to Measure Success 2006, 489-500. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Portland, OR, USA. P.L. Andrews, B.W. Butler (Eds.).
    • (2006) Fuels Management: How to Measure Success , pp. 489-500
    • Wright, C.S.1    Prichard, S.J.2
  • 123
    • 43049148289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in fuelbed characteristics and resulting fire potentials after fuel reduction treatments in dry forests of the Blue Mountains, northeastern Oregon
    • Youngblood A., Wright C.S., Ottmar R.D., McIver J.D. Changes in fuelbed characteristics and resulting fire potentials after fuel reduction treatments in dry forests of the Blue Mountains, northeastern Oregon. Forest Ecology and Management 2008, 255:3151-3169.
    • (2008) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.255 , pp. 3151-3169
    • Youngblood, A.1    Wright, C.S.2    Ottmar, R.D.3    McIver, J.D.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.