메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 736-749

The endocannabinoid anandamide downregulates IL-23 and IL-12 subunits in a viral model of multiple sclerosis: Evidence for a cross-talk between IL-12p70/IL-23 axis and IL-10 in microglial cells

Author keywords

Anandamide; Endocannabinoids; IL 10; IL 12p70; IL 23; Microglia; Multiple sclerosis; TMEV

Indexed keywords

ANANDAMIDE; CANNABINOID 2 RECEPTOR; CYTOKINE; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 12P70; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 23; MESSENGER RNA; METHANANDAMIDE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3; STRESS ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE;

EID: 79954937143     PISSN: 08891591     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.01.020     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (62)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 0037449737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-23 promotes a distinct CD4 T cell activation state characterized by the production of interleukin-17
    • Aggarwal S.N., Ghilardi M.H., Xie F.J., de Sauvage A., Gurney L. Interleukin-23 promotes a distinct CD4 T cell activation state characterized by the production of interleukin-17. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:1910-1914.
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 1910-1914
    • Aggarwal, S.N.1    Ghilardi, M.H.2    Xie, F.J.3    de Sauvage, A.4    Gurney, L.5
  • 2
    • 58149311502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoter analysis reveals critical roles for SMAD-3 and ATF-2 in expression of IL-23 p19 in macrophages
    • Al-Salleeh F., Petro T.M. Promoter analysis reveals critical roles for SMAD-3 and ATF-2 in expression of IL-23 p19 in macrophages. J. Immunol. 2008, 181:4523-4533.
    • (2008) J. Immunol. , vol.181 , pp. 4523-4533
    • Al-Salleeh, F.1    Petro, T.M.2
  • 5
    • 77949354716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 99th Dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: epidemiological evidence
    • Ascherio A., Munger K.L. 99th Dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: epidemiological evidence. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2010, 160:120-124.
    • (2010) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.160 , pp. 120-124
    • Ascherio, A.1    Munger, K.L.2
  • 7
    • 0347357773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-23 produced by CNS-resident cells controls T cell encephalitogenicity during the effector phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Becher B., Durell B.G., Noelle R.J. IL-23 produced by CNS-resident cells controls T cell encephalitogenicity during the effector phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Clin. Invest. 2003, 112:1186-1191.
    • (2003) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.112 , pp. 1186-1191
    • Becher, B.1    Durell, B.G.2    Noelle, R.J.3
  • 8
    • 33847420442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase are specific markers of plaque cell subtypes in human multiple sclerosis
    • Benito C., Romero J.P., Tolon R.M., Clemente D., Docagne F., Hillard C.J., Guaza C., Romero J. Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase are specific markers of plaque cell subtypes in human multiple sclerosis. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:2396-2402.
    • (2007) J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 2396-2402
    • Benito, C.1    Romero, J.P.2    Tolon, R.M.3    Clemente, D.4    Docagne, F.5    Hillard, C.J.6    Guaza, C.7    Romero, J.8
  • 10
    • 33646577466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector Th17 and regulatory T cells
    • Bettelli E., Carrier Y., Gao W., Korn T., Strom T.B., Oukka M., Weiner H.L., Kuchroo V.K. Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector Th17 and regulatory T cells. Nature 2006, 441:235-238.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.441 , pp. 235-238
    • Bettelli, E.1    Carrier, Y.2    Gao, W.3    Korn, T.4    Strom, T.B.5    Oukka, M.6    Weiner, H.L.7    Kuchroo, V.K.8
  • 12
    • 63049105150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging role of the cannabinoid receptor CB2 in immune regulation: therapeutic prospects for neuroinflammation
    • Cabral G.A., Griffin-Thomas L. Emerging role of the cannabinoid receptor CB2 in immune regulation: therapeutic prospects for neuroinflammation. Expert Rev. Mol. Med. 2009, 20:11-24.
    • (2009) Expert Rev. Mol. Med. , vol.20 , pp. 11-24
    • Cabral, G.A.1    Griffin-Thomas, L.2
  • 13
    • 28844487137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptors in microglia of the central nervous system: immune functional relevance
    • Cabral G.A., Marciano-Cabral F. Cannabinoid receptors in microglia of the central nervous system: immune functional relevance. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2005, 78:1192-1197.
    • (2005) J. Leukoc. Biol. , vol.78 , pp. 1192-1197
    • Cabral, G.A.1    Marciano-Cabral, F.2
  • 15
    • 0037111372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of IL-12 and IL-10 gene expression in macrophages by the basic leucine zipper transcription factor c-Maf fibrosarcoma
    • Cao S., Liu J., Chesi M., Bergsagel P.L., Ho I.C., Donnelly R.P., Ma X. Differential regulation of IL-12 and IL-10 gene expression in macrophages by the basic leucine zipper transcription factor c-Maf fibrosarcoma. J. Immunol. 2002, 169:5715-5725.
    • (2002) J. Immunol. , vol.169 , pp. 5715-5725
    • Cao, S.1    Liu, J.2    Chesi, M.3    Bergsagel, P.L.4    Ho, I.C.5    Donnelly, R.P.6    Ma, X.7
  • 19
    • 22044449933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptor negatively regulates IL-12p40 production in murine macrophages: role of IL-10 and ERK1/2 kinase signaling
    • Correa F., Mestre L., Docagne F., Guaza C. Activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptor negatively regulates IL-12p40 production in murine macrophages: role of IL-10 and ERK1/2 kinase signaling. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2005, 145:441-448.
    • (2005) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.145 , pp. 441-448
    • Correa, F.1    Mestre, L.2    Docagne, F.3    Guaza, C.4
  • 20
    • 38949143238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anandamide inhibits IL-12p40 production by acting on the promoter repressor element GA-12: possible involvement of the COX-2 metabolite prostamide E(2)
    • Correa F., Docagne F., Clemente D., Mestre L., Becker C., Guaza C. Anandamide inhibits IL-12p40 production by acting on the promoter repressor element GA-12: possible involvement of the COX-2 metabolite prostamide E(2). Biochem. J. 2008, 409:761-770.
    • (2008) Biochem. J. , vol.409 , pp. 761-770
    • Correa, F.1    Docagne, F.2    Clemente, D.3    Mestre, L.4    Becker, C.5    Guaza, C.6
  • 21
    • 56649092813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for CB2 receptors in anandamide signalling pathways involved in the regulation of IL-12 and IL-23 in microglial cells
    • Correa F., Docagne F., Mestre L., Clemente D., Hernangómez M., Loría F., Guaza C. A role for CB2 receptors in anandamide signalling pathways involved in the regulation of IL-12 and IL-23 in microglial cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2009, 77:86-100.
    • (2009) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.77 , pp. 86-100
    • Correa, F.1    Docagne, F.2    Mestre, L.3    Clemente, D.4    Hernangómez, M.5    Loría, F.6    Guaza, C.7
  • 22
    • 73149113054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anandamide enhances IL-10 production in activated microglia by targeting CB(2) receptors: roles of ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-kappaB
    • Correa F., Hernangómez M., Mestre L., Loría F., Spagnolo A., Docagne F., Di Marzo V., Guaza C. Anandamide enhances IL-10 production in activated microglia by targeting CB(2) receptors: roles of ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-kappaB. Glia 2010, 58:135-147.
    • (2010) Glia , vol.58 , pp. 135-147
    • Correa, F.1    Hernangómez, M.2    Mestre, L.3    Loría, F.4    Spagnolo, A.5    Docagne, F.6    Di Marzo, V.7    Guaza, C.8
  • 24
    • 0037397037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulation of a viral model of multiple sclerosis using the synthetic cannabinoid R+WIN55, 212
    • Croxford J.L., Miller S.D. Immunoregulation of a viral model of multiple sclerosis using the synthetic cannabinoid R+WIN55, 212. J. Clin. Invest. 2003, 111:1231-1240.
    • (2003) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.111 , pp. 1231-1240
    • Croxford, J.L.1    Miller, S.D.2
  • 26
    • 0027240219 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits human lymphocyte interferon gamma-production by suppressing natural killer cell stimulatory factor/IL-12 synthesis in accessory cells
    • D'Andrea A., Aste-Amezaga M., Valiante N.M., Ma X., Kubin M., Trinchieri G. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits human lymphocyte interferon gamma-production by suppressing natural killer cell stimulatory factor/IL-12 synthesis in accessory cells. J. Exp. Med. 1993, 178:1041-1048.
    • (1993) J. Exp. Med. , vol.178 , pp. 1041-1048
    • D'Andrea, A.1    Aste-Amezaga, M.2    Valiante, N.M.3    Ma, X.4    Kubin, M.5    Trinchieri, G.6
  • 31
    • 35548986304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
    • Hanisch U.K., Kettenmann H. Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain. Nat. Neurosci. 2007, 10:1387-1394.
    • (2007) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 1387-1394
    • Hanisch, U.K.1    Kettenmann, H.2
  • 32
    • 36248941490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-10 or not IL-10: that is the question
    • Jankovic D., Trinchieri G. IL-10 or not IL-10: that is the question. Nat. Immunol. 2007, 8:1281-1283.
    • (2007) Nat. Immunol. , vol.8 , pp. 1281-1283
    • Jankovic, D.1    Trinchieri, G.2
  • 33
    • 0028224648 scopus 로고
    • The virology of demyelinating diseases
    • Johnson R.T. The virology of demyelinating diseases. Ann. Neurol. 1994, 36(Suppl.):S54-S60.
    • (1994) Ann. Neurol. , vol.36 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Johnson, R.T.1
  • 34
    • 34247523141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery and biology of IL-23 and IL-27: related but functionally distinct regulators of inflammation
    • Kastelein R.A., Hunter C.A., Cua D.J. Discovery and biology of IL-23 and IL-27: related but functionally distinct regulators of inflammation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2007, 25:221-242.
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.25 , pp. 221-242
    • Kastelein, R.A.1    Hunter, C.A.2    Cua, D.J.3
  • 35
    • 23444432920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endocannabinoid system: drug targets, lead compounds, and potential therapeutic applications
    • Lambert D.M., Fowler C.J. The endocannabinoid system: drug targets, lead compounds, and potential therapeutic applications. J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48:5059-5087.
    • (2005) J. Med. Chem. , vol.48 , pp. 5059-5087
    • Lambert, D.M.1    Fowler, C.J.2
  • 37
    • 33846593869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased IL-23p19 expression in multiple sclerosis lesions and its induction in microglia
    • Li Y., Chu N., Hu A., Gran B., Rostami A., Zhang G.X. Increased IL-23p19 expression in multiple sclerosis lesions and its induction in microglia. Brain 2007, 130:490-501.
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 490-501
    • Li, Y.1    Chu, N.2    Hu, A.3    Gran, B.4    Rostami, A.5    Zhang, G.X.6
  • 38
    • 33744783446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide-induced transcriptional activation of interleukin-10 is mediated by MAPK and NFkappaB-induced CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta in mouse macrophages
    • Liu Y.W., Chen C.C., Tseng H.P., Chang W.C. Lipopolysaccharide-induced transcriptional activation of interleukin-10 is mediated by MAPK and NFkappaB-induced CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta in mouse macrophages. Cell Signal. 2006, 18:1492-1500.
    • (2006) Cell Signal. , vol.18 , pp. 1492-1500
    • Liu, Y.W.1    Chen, C.C.2    Tseng, H.P.3    Chang, W.C.4
  • 39
    • 49249094482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the regulation of the endocannabinoid system in a virus model of multiple sclerosis reveals a therapeutic effect of palmitoylethanolamide
    • Loría F., Petrosino S., Mestre L., Spagnolo A., Correa F., Hernangómez M., Guaza C., Di Marzo V., Docagne F. Study of the regulation of the endocannabinoid system in a virus model of multiple sclerosis reveals a therapeutic effect of palmitoylethanolamide. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:633-641.
    • (2008) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.28 , pp. 633-641
    • Loría, F.1    Petrosino, S.2    Mestre, L.3    Spagnolo, A.4    Correa, F.5    Hernangómez, M.6    Guaza, C.7    Di Marzo, V.8    Docagne, F.9
  • 41
    • 0142258022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia are activated to become competent antigen presenting and effector cells in the inflammatory environment of the Theiler's virus model of multiple sclerosis
    • Mack C.L., Vanderlugt-Castaneda C.L., Neville K.L., Miller S.D. Microglia are activated to become competent antigen presenting and effector cells in the inflammatory environment of the Theiler's virus model of multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 2003, 144:68-79.
    • (2003) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.144 , pp. 68-79
    • Mack, C.L.1    Vanderlugt-Castaneda, C.L.2    Neville, K.L.3    Miller, S.D.4
  • 44
    • 0033975629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal loss results in spinal cord atrophy, electrophysiological abnormalities and neurological deficits following demyelination in a chronic inflammatory model of multiple sclerosis
    • McGavern D.B., Murray P.D., Rivera-Quinones C., Schmelzer J.D., Low P.A., Rodriguez M. Axonal loss results in spinal cord atrophy, electrophysiological abnormalities and neurological deficits following demyelination in a chronic inflammatory model of multiple sclerosis. Brain 2000, 123:519-531.
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 519-531
    • McGavern, D.B.1    Murray, P.D.2    Rivera-Quinones, C.3    Schmelzer, J.D.4    Low, P.A.5    Rodriguez, M.6
  • 46
    • 0035132294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LPS/IFN-gamma mediated citotoxicity in oligodendroglial cells: Role of NO and protection by the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10
    • Molina-Holgado E., Vela J.M., Arévalo-Martín A., Guaza C. LPS/IFN-gamma mediated citotoxicity in oligodendroglial cells: Role of NO and protection by the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2001, 13:493-502.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 493-502
    • Molina-Holgado, E.1    Vela, J.M.2    Arévalo-Martín, A.3    Guaza, C.4
  • 47
    • 0036319143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 modulate nuclear factor kappaB activity and nitric oxide synthase-2 expression in Theiler's virus-infected brain astrocytes
    • Molina-Holgado E., Arévalo-Martín A., Castrillo A., Bosca L., Vela J.M., Guaza C. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 modulate nuclear factor kappaB activity and nitric oxide synthase-2 expression in Theiler's virus-infected brain astrocytes. J. Neurochem. 2002, 81:1242-1252.
    • (2002) J. Neurochem. , vol.81 , pp. 1242-1252
    • Molina-Holgado, E.1    Arévalo-Martín, A.2    Castrillo, A.3    Bosca, L.4    Vela, J.M.5    Guaza, C.6
  • 49
    • 10844273239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase on lipopolysaccharide induced maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells
    • Nakahara T., Uchi H., Urabe K., Chen Q., Furue M., Moroi Y. Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase on lipopolysaccharide induced maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Int. Immunol. 2004, 16:1701-1709.
    • (2004) Int. Immunol. , vol.16 , pp. 1701-1709
    • Nakahara, T.1    Uchi, H.2    Urabe, K.3    Chen, Q.4    Furue, M.5    Moroi, Y.6
  • 52
    • 4644232615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia initiate central nervous system innate and adaptive immune responses through multiple TLRs
    • Olson J.K., Miller S.D. Microglia initiate central nervous system innate and adaptive immune responses through multiple TLRs. J. Immunol. 2004, 173:3916-3924.
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.173 , pp. 3916-3924
    • Olson, J.K.1    Miller, S.D.2
  • 57
    • 33748798732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated regulation of IL-10 and IL-12 production in macrophages stimulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide
    • Saegusa K., Yotsumoto S., Kato S., Aramaki Y. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated regulation of IL-10 and IL-12 production in macrophages stimulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Mol. Immunol. 2007, 44:1323-1330.
    • (2007) Mol. Immunol. , vol.44 , pp. 1323-1330
    • Saegusa, K.1    Yotsumoto, S.2    Kato, S.3    Aramaki, Y.4
  • 58
    • 0032536447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An interleukin (IL)-10/IL-12 immunoregulatory circuit controls susceptibility to autoimmune disease
    • Segal B.M., Dwyer B.K., Shevach E.M. An interleukin (IL)-10/IL-12 immunoregulatory circuit controls susceptibility to autoimmune disease. J. Exp. Med. 1998, 187:537-546.
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.187 , pp. 537-546
    • Segal, B.M.1    Dwyer, B.K.2    Shevach, E.M.3
  • 59
    • 58049170379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid signaling in microglial cells
    • Stella N. Cannabinoid signaling in microglial cells. Neuropharmacology 2009, 56:244-253.
    • (2009) Neuropharmacology , vol.56 , pp. 244-253
    • Stella, N.1
  • 60
    • 58749105841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-23 promotes maintenance but not commitment to the Th17 lineage
    • Stritesky G.L., Yeh N., Kaplan M.H. IL-23 promotes maintenance but not commitment to the Th17 lineage. J. Immunol. 2008, 181:5948-5955.
    • (2008) J. Immunol. , vol.181 , pp. 5948-5955
    • Stritesky, G.L.1    Yeh, N.2    Kaplan, M.H.3
  • 61
    • 30744448978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective activation of ERK in macrophages lacking the p50/p105 subunit of NF-kappaB is responsible for elevated expression of IL-12 p40 observed after challenge with Helicobacter hepaticus
    • Tomczak M.F., Gadjeva M., Wang Y.Y., Brown K., Maroulakou I., Tsichlis P.N., Erdman S.E., Fox J.G., Horwitz B.H. Defective activation of ERK in macrophages lacking the p50/p105 subunit of NF-kappaB is responsible for elevated expression of IL-12 p40 observed after challenge with Helicobacter hepaticus. J. Immunol. 2006, 176:1244-1251.
    • (2006) J. Immunol. , vol.176 , pp. 1244-1251
    • Tomczak, M.F.1    Gadjeva, M.2    Wang, Y.Y.3    Brown, K.4    Maroulakou, I.5    Tsichlis, P.N.6    Erdman, S.E.7    Fox, J.G.8    Horwitz, B.H.9
  • 62
    • 0037313578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptive immunity
    • Trinchieri G. Interleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptive immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2003, 3:133-146.
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 133-146
    • Trinchieri, G.1
  • 63
    • 0038784487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-Jun N-terminal kinase negatively regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 production in human macrophages: role of mitogen-activated protein kinase in glutathione redox regulation of IL-12 production
    • Utsugi M., Dobashi K., Ishizuka T., Endou K., Hamuro J., Murata Y., Nakazawa T., Mori M. C-Jun N-terminal kinase negatively regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 production in human macrophages: role of mitogen-activated protein kinase in glutathione redox regulation of IL-12 production. J. Immunol. 2003, 171:628-635.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.171 , pp. 628-635
    • Utsugi, M.1    Dobashi, K.2    Ishizuka, T.3    Endou, K.4    Hamuro, J.5    Murata, Y.6    Nakazawa, T.7    Mori, M.8
  • 65
    • 0028809507 scopus 로고
    • Expression of costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), and interleukin 12 cytokine in multiple sclerosis lesions
    • Windhagen A., Newcombe J., Dangond F., Strand C., Woodroofe M.N., Cuzner M.L., Hafler D.A. Expression of costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), and interleukin 12 cytokine in multiple sclerosis lesions. J. Exp. Med. 1995, 182:1985-1996.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Med. , vol.182 , pp. 1985-1996
    • Windhagen, A.1    Newcombe, J.2    Dangond, F.3    Strand, C.4    Woodroofe, M.N.5    Cuzner, M.L.6    Hafler, D.A.7
  • 66
    • 42349099119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoids and the brain immune system: new neurons at the horizon?
    • Wolf S.A., Ullrich O. Endocannabinoids and the brain immune system: new neurons at the horizon?. J. Neuroendocrinol. 2008, 20:15-19.
    • (2008) J. Neuroendocrinol. , vol.20 , pp. 15-19
    • Wolf, S.A.1    Ullrich, O.2
  • 67
    • 79957921767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-10 within the CNS is necessary for CD4+ T cells to mediate neuroprotection., doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.08.004, in press
    • Xin, J., Wainwright, D.A., Mesnard, N.A., Serpe, C.J., Sanders, V.M., Jones, K.J. 2010. IL-10 within the CNS is necessary for CD4+ T cells to mediate neuroprotection. Brain Behav. Immun. in press, doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.08.004.
    • (2010) Brain Behav. Immun.
    • Xin, J.1    Wainwright, D.A.2    Mesnard, N.A.3    Serpe, C.J.4    Sanders, V.M.5    Jones, K.J.6
  • 69
    • 0035975268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes, not microglia, are the main cells responsible for viral persistence in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection leading to demyelination
    • Zheng L., Calenoff M.A., Dal Canto M.C. Astrocytes, not microglia, are the main cells responsible for viral persistence in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection leading to demyelination. J. Neuroimmunol. 2001, 118:256-262.
    • (2001) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.118 , pp. 256-262
    • Zheng, L.1    Calenoff, M.A.2    Dal Canto, M.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.