The tree planting and protecting culture of cattle ranchers and small-scale agriculturalists in rural Panama: Opportunities for reforestation and land restoration

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 261, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 1684-1695

  Garen, Eva J ^a   Saltonstall, Kristin ^a   Ashton, Mark S ^b   Slusser, Jacob L ^c   Mathias, Shane ^c   Hall, Jefferson S ^a  

^a SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Panama)

^b Yale University   (United States)

^c United States Peace Corps   (Panama)

Author keywords

Agroforestry; Fruit trees; Live fences; Multipurpose trees; Native species; Plantations; Tropical dry forest

Indexed keywords

AGROFORESTRY; FRUIT TREES; LIVE FENCES; MULTIPURPOSE TREES; NATIVE SPECIES; PLANTATIONS; TROPICAL DRY FOREST;

AGRICULTURE; FENCES; FRUITS; ORCHARDS; PLANTS (BOTANY); REFORESTATION; RESTORATION; REVEGETATION; TROPICS;

CONSERVATION;

AGRICULTURAL LAND; AGRICULTURAL WORKER; AGROFORESTRY; CATTLE; CULTURAL TRADITION; DRY FOREST; FRUIT; LAND MANAGEMENT; NATIVE SPECIES; PLANTATION FORESTRY; PROJECT DESIGN; RANCHING; REFORESTATION; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; RURAL AREA; TROPICAL FOREST;

PANAMA [CENTRAL AMERICA];

BOS;

EID: 79954616379     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.011     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Acharya K.P. Linking trees on farms with biodiversity conservation in subsistence farming systems in Nepal. Biodivers. Conserv. 2006, 15:631-646.
2. Aguilar S., Condit R. Use of native tree species by an Hispanic community in Panama. Econ. Bot. 2001, 55:223-235.
3. Farms, Trees and Farmers: Responses to Agricultural Intensification 1997, Earthscan Publications, London. J.E.M. Arnold, P.A. Dewees (Eds.).
4. Arnold J.E.M., Dewees P.A. Rethinking Approaches to Tree Management by Farmers 1998, Overseas Development Institute, London, ISSN: 1356-9228.
5. Bannister M.E., Nair P.K.R. Agroforestry adoption in Haiti: the importance of household and farm characteristics. Agroforest. Syst. 2003, 57:149-157.
6. Barrance A.J., Flores L., Padilla E., Gordon J.E., Schreckenberg K. Trees and farming in the dry zone of southern Honduras I: campesino tree husbandry practices. Agroforest. Syst. 2003, 59:97-106.
7. Barrance A., Schreckenberg K., Gordon J. Conservation Through Use: Lessons from the Mesoamerican Dry Forest 2009, Overseas Development Institute, London.
8. Bennett A.F., Radford J.Q., Haslem A. Properties of land mosaics: implications for nature conservation in agricultural environments. Biol. Conserv. 2006, 133:250-264.
9. Breugel, M.v., Hall, J.S., Craven, D.J., Gregoire, T.G., Park, A., Dent, D.H., Wishnie, M.H., Mariscal, E., Deago, J., Ibarra, D., Cedeño, N., Ashton, M.S., Early growth and survival of 49 tropical tree species across four sites differing in soil fertility and rainfall. For. Ecol. Manage. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.019.
10. Brookfield H., Padoch C., Parson H., Stocking M. Cultivating biodiversity: setting the scene. Cultivating Biodiversity: Understanding, Analyzing and Using Agricultural Diversity 2002, 1-8. ITDG Publishing, London. H. Brookfield, C. Padoch, H. Parsons, M. Stocking (Eds.).
11. Brooks T.M., Bakarr M.I., Boucher T., Fonseca G.A.B., Hilton-Taylor C., Hoekstra J.M., Moritz T., Olivieri S., Parrish J., Pressey R.L., Rodrigues A.S.L., Sechrest W., Stattersfield A., Strahm W., Stuart S.N. Coverage provided by the global protected-area system: is it enough?. BioScience 2004, 54:1081-1091.
12. Boffa J.M., Turyomurugyendo L., Barnekow-Lilleso J.P., Kindt R. Enhancing farm tree diversity as a means of conserving landscape-based biodiversity. Mt. Res. Dev. 2005, 25:212-217.
13. Castillo A., Torres A., Velazquez A., Bocco G. The use of ecological science by rural producers: a case study in Mexico. Ecol. Appl. 2005, 15:745-756.
14. Chacon M.L., Harvey C.A. Live fences and landscape connectivity in a Neotropical agricultural landscape. Agroforest. Syst. 2006, 68:15-26.
15. Correa M.D., Galdames C., de Sapf M.S. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Panamá 2004, ANAM, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, 599pp.
16. Current D., Scherr S.J. Farmer costs and benefits from agroforestry and farm forestry projects in Central America and the Caribbean: implications for policy. Agroforest. Syst. 1995, 30:87-103.
17. De Fries R., Hansen A., Newton A.C., Hansen M.C. Increasing isolation of protected areas in tropical forests over the past twenty years. Ecol. Appl. 2005, 15:19-26.
18. Desrochers, A., 2004. Water harvesting through ponds in the arco seco region of the Republic of Panama: decision support system for pond storage capacity estimation. MS Thesis, Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
19. Dove M.R. The shift of tree cover from forests to farms in Pakistan: a long and broad view. Farms, Trees, and Farmers: Responses to Agricultural Intensification 1997, 65-89. Earthscan Publications Ltd., London. J.E.M. Arnold, P.A. DeWees (Eds.).
20. Dove M.R. The epistemology of Southeast Asia's anthropogenic grasslands: issues of myth, science and development. Southeast Asian Stud. 1997, 35(2):223-239.
21. Dove M.R. Foresters' beliefs about farmers: a priority for social science research in social forestry. Agroforest. Syst. 1992, 7:13-41.
22. Dudley N., Baldock D., Nasi R., Stolton S. Measuring biodiversity and sustainable management in forests and agricultural landscapes. Phil. Trans. R Soc. B 2005, 360:457-470.
23. Fischer A., Vasseur L. The crisis in shifting cultivation practices and the promise of agroforestry: a review of the Panamanian experience. Biodivers. Conserv. 2000, 9:739-756.
24. Fischer A., Vasseur L. Smallholder perceptions of agroforestry projects in Panama. Agroforest. Syst. 2002, 54:103-113.
25. Garen E.J., Saltonstall K., Slusser J.L., Mathias S., Ashton M., Hall J.S. An evaluation of farmers' experiences planting native trees in rural Panama: implications for reforestation with native species in agricultural landscapes. Agroforest. Syst. 2009, 76:219-236.
26. Gordon J.E., Barrance A.J., Schreckenberg K. Are rare species useful species? Obstacles to the conservation of tree diversity in the dry forest zone agro-ecosystems of Mesoamerica. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 2003, 12:13-19.
27. Gordon J.E., Hawthorne W.D., Sandoval G., Barrance A.J. Trees and farming in the dry zone of southern Honduras II: the potential for tree diversity conservation. Agroforest. Syst. 2003, 59:107-117.
28. Griscom H.P., Ashton P.M.S., Berlyn G.P. Seedling survival and growth of native tree species in pastures: implications for dry tropical forest rehabilitation in central panama. For. Ecol. Manag. 2005, 218:306-318.
29. Griscom H.P., Griscom B.W., Ashton M.S. Forest regeneration from pasture in the dry tropics of Panama: effects of cattle, exotic grass, and forested riparia. Restor. Ecol. 2009, 17:117-126.
30. Hall, J.S., Love, B., Garen, E.J., Slusser, J.L., Saltonstall, K., Mathias, S., van Breugal, M., Ibarra, D., Wishnie, M., Ashton, M., Tree plantations on farms: evaluating growth and potential for success. For. Ecol. Manag. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.042.
31. Harvey C. Windbreaks enhance seed dispersal into agricultural landscapes in Monteverde, Costa Rica. Ecol. Appl. 2000, 10:155-173.
32. Harvey C., Medina A., Sanchez D.M., Vilchez S., Hernandez B., Saenz J.C., Maes J.M., Casanoves F., Sinclair F.L. Patterns of animal diversity in different forms of tree cover in agricultural landscapes. Ecol. Appl. 2006, 16:1986-1999.
33. Harvey C., Komar O., Chazdon R., Ferguson B.G., Finegan B., Griffith D.M., Martinez_Ramos M., Morales H., Nigh R., Soto-Pinto L., Van Beugal M., Wishnie M. Integrating agricultural landscapes with biodiversity conservation in the Mesoamerican hotspot. Conserv. Biol. 2008, 22:8-15.
34. Hauff R.D. A case study assessment of agroforestry: the Panama Canal watershed. J. Sustain. For. 1999, 8:39-51.
35. Hayes T., Ostrom E. "Conserving the world's forests" are protected areas the only way?. Indiana Law Rev. 2005, 38:595-617.
36. Heckadon-Moreno, S., 2009. De selvas a potreros: La colonización Santeña en Panamá: 1850-1980.
37. Heckadon-Moreno, S., 1984. Panama's expanding cattle front: the Santeño campensinos and the colonization of the forests. PhD Thesis, University of Essex, England.
38. Hobbs R.J., Arico S., Aronson J., Baron J.S., Bridgewater P., Cramer V.A., Epstein P.R., Ewel J., Klink C.A., Lugo Ar., Norton D., Ojima D., Richardson D.M., Sanderson E.W., Valladares F., Vila M., Zamora R., Zobel M. Novel ecosystems: theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 2006, 15:1-7.
39. Janzen D.H. Tropical dry forests: the most endangered major tropical ecosystem. Biodiversity 1988, 130-137. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA. E.O. Wilson (Ed.).
40. Jenkins C.N., Joppa L. Expansion of the global terrestrial protected area system. Biol. Conserv. 2009, 142:2166-2174.
41. Jose S. Agroforestry for ecosystem services and environmental benefits: an overview. Agroforest. Syst. 2009, 76:1-10.
42. Kaimowitz D. Livestock and Deforestation: Central America in the 1980s and 1990s: A Policy Perspective 1996, Center for International Forestry Research, Jakarta, Indonesia.
43. Kapp G.B., Beer J., Lujan R. Species and site selection for timber production on farm boundaries in the humid Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica and Panama. Agroforest. Syst. 1997, 35:139-154.
44. Lamb D., Erskine P.D., Parrotta J.A. Restoration of degraded of tropical forest landscapes. Science 2005, 310:1628-1632.
45. Lengkeek, A.G., 2003. Diversity makes a difference: farmers managing inter- and intra-specific tree species diversity in Meru Kenya. PhD Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. ISBN: 90-5808r-r936-3.
46. Linares, O.F., 1977. Ecology and the arts in ancient Panama: on the development of social rank and symbolism in the central provinces. Studies in Pre-Colombian Art and Archaeology. Numer Severnteen. Dumbarton, Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, Washington, D.C.
47. Love B.E., Bork E.W., Spaner D. Tree seedling establishment in living fences: a low-cost agroforestry management practice for the tropics. Agroforest. Syst. 2009, 77:1-8.
48. Love B., Spaner D. A survey of small-scale farmers using trees in pastures in Herrera province, Panama. J. Sustain. For. 2005, 20(3):37-64.
49. McNeely J.A., Schroth G. Agroforestry and biodiversity conservation-traditional practices, present dynamics, and lessons for the future. Biodivers. Conserv. 2006, 15:549-554.
50. Mendez V.E., Gliessman S.R., Gilbert G.S. Tree biodiversity in farmer cooperatives of a shade coffee landscape in western El Salvador. Ecosyst. Environ. 2006, doi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.07.004.
51. Miles L., Newton A.C., DeFries R.S., Ravilious C., May I., Blyth S., Kapos V., Gordon J.E. A global overview of the conservation status of tropical dry forests. J. Biogeogr. 2006, 33:491-505.
52. Montagnini F., Nair P.K.R. Carbon sequestration: an underexploited environmental benefit of agroforestry systems. Agroforest. Syst. 2004, 61:281-295.
53. Montagnini F., Cusack D., Petit B., Kannin M. Environmental services of native tree plantations and agroforestry systems in Central America. J. Sustain. For. 2005, 21:51-67.
54. Murgueitio, E., Calle, A., Uribe, F., Calle, A., Solorio, B., Native trees and shrubs for the productive rehabilitation of cattle ranching lands. For. Ecol. Manag. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.027.
55. Pagiola, S., Agostini, P., Gobbi, J., de Haan, C., Ibrahim, M., Murgueitio, E., Ramírez, E., Rosales, M., Ruíz, J.P., 2004. Paying for biodiversity conservation services in agricultural landscapes. Environment Department Paper No. 96. The World Bank.
56. Partridge W.L. The humid tropics cattle ranching complex: cases from Panama reviewed. Hum. Organ. 1984, 43:76-80.
57. Pinedo-Vasquez M., Padoch C., McGrath D., Ximenes-Ponte T. Biodiversity as a product of smallholder responses to change in Amazonia. Cultivating Biodiversity: Understanding, Analyzing and Using Agricultural Diversity 2002, 167-178. ITDG Publishing, London. H. Brookfield, C. Padoch, H. Parsons, M. Stocking (Eds.).
58. Rodrigues A.S.L., Andelman A.J., Bakarr M.I., Boitani L., Brooks T.M., Cowling R.M., Fishpool L.D.C., Fonesca G.A.B., Gaston K.J., Hoffman M., Long J.S., Marquet P.A., Pilgrim J.D., Pressey R.L., Schipper J., Sechrest W., Stuart S.N., Underhill L.G., Waller R.W., Watts M.E.J., Yan X. Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature 2004, 428:640-642.
59. Roothaert R.L., Franzel S. Farmers' preferences and use of local fodder trees and shrubs in Kenya. Agroforest. Syst. 2001, 52:239-252.
60. Schroth G., Harvey C. Biodiversity conservation in cocoa production landscapes: an overview. Biodivers. Conserv. 2007, 16:2237-2244.
61. Simmons C.S., Walker R.T., Wood C.H. Tree planting by small producers in the tropics: a comparative study of Brail and Panama. Agroforest. Syst. 2002, 56:89-105.
62. Stocking M. Agrodiversity, environmental protection and sustaining rural livelihoods: the global view. Cultivating Biodiversity: Understanding, Analyzing and Using Agricultural Diversity 2002, 15-25. ITDG Publishing, London. H. Brookfield, C. Padoch, H. Parsons, M. Stocking (Eds.).
63. Swinton S.M., Lupi F., Robertson G.P., Landis D.A. Ecosystem services from agriculture: looking beyond the usual suspects. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 2006, 88:1160-1166.
64. Vandermeer J., Perfecto I. The future of farming and conservation. Science 2005, 308:1257.
65. Vandermeer J., Perfecto I. The agricultural matrix and a future paradigm for conservation. Conserv. Biol. 2007, 21:274-277.
66. Wishnie M.H. Strategic Plan: The PRORENA Project 2003, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City.
67. Wishnie, M.H., 2005. Annual Report: The PRORENA Project. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
68. Wishnie M.H., Dent D.H., Mariscal E., Deago J., Cedeno N., Ibarra D., Condit R., Ashton P.M.S. Initial performance and reforestation potential of 24 tropical tree species planted across a precipitation gradient in the Republic of Panama. For. Ecol. Manag. 2007, 243:39-49.