Current issues with acetaminophen hepatotoxicity - A clinically relevant model to test the efficacy of natural products

Life Sciences

Volumn 88, Issue 17-18, 2011, Pages 737-745

  Jaeschke, Hartmut ^a   McGill, Mitchell R ^a   Williams, C David ^a   Ramachandran, Anup ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Drug induced liver injury; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Oncotic necrosis and apoptosis; Oxidant stress and lipid peroxidation; Sterile inflammation

Indexed keywords

ENDONUCLEASE; GLUTATHIONE; PARACETAMOL; PROTEIN C JUN; REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; APOPTOSIS; CELL DEATH; DNA DAMAGE; DNA FRAGMENTATION; DRUG PROTEIN BINDING; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INNATE IMMUNITY; LIPID PEROXIDATION; LIVER TOXICITY; LYSOSOME; MITOCHONDRION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ACETAMINOPHEN; ANALGESICS, NON-NARCOTIC; ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS; CELL DEATH; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; IMMUNITY, INNATE; LIPID PEROXIDATION; LIVER; MICE; NECROSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES;

MUS;

EID: 79954615800     PISSN: 00243205     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.01.025     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. M.L. Adams, R.H. Pierce, M.E. Vail, C.C. White, R.P. Tonge, and T.J. Kavanagh Enhanced acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in transgenic mice overexpressing BCL-2 Mol Pharmacol 60 2001 907 915 (Pubitemid 33027425)
2. D.J. Antoine, D.P. Williams, A. Kipar, R.E. Jenkins, S.L. Regan, and J.G. Sathish High-mobility group box-1 protein and keratin-18, circulating serum proteins informative of acetaminophen-induced necrosis and apoptosis in vivo Toxicol Sci 112 2009 521 531
3. M.L. Bajt, J.A. Lawson, S.L. Vonderfecht, J.S. Gujral, and H. Jaeschke Protection against Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis in hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells by a caspase-8 inhibitor in vivo: evidence for a postmitochondrial processing of caspase-8 Toxicol Sci 58 2000 109 117
4. M.L. Bajt, T.R. Knight, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke Scavenging peroxynitrite with glutathione promotes regeneration and enhances survival during acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice J Pharmacol Exp Ther 307 2003 67 73 (Pubitemid 37151892)
5. M.L. Bajt, T.R. Knight, J.J. Lemasters, and H. Jaeschke Acetaminophen-induced oxidant stress and cell injury in cultured mouse hepatocytes: protection by N-acetyl cysteine Toxicol Sci 80 2004 343 349 (Pubitemid 39136389)
6. M.L. Bajt, C. Cover, J.J. Lemasters, and H. Jaeschke Nuclear translocation of endonuclease G and apoptosis-inducing factor during acetaminophen-induced liver cell injury Toxicol Sci 94 2006 217 225 (Pubitemid 44542344)
7. M.L. Bajt, A. Farhood, J.J. Lemasters, and H. Jaeschke Mitochondrial bax translocation accelerates DNA fragmentation and cell necrosis in a murine model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity J Pharmacol Exp Ther 324 2008 8 14 (Pubitemid 350294184)
8. J.B. Bartolone, S.D. Cohen, and E.A. Khairallah Immunohistochemical localization of acetaminophen-bound liver proteins Fundam Appl Toxicol 13 1989 859 862
9. M.E. Bianchi DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: all we need to know about danger J Leukoc Biol 81 2007 1 5 (Pubitemid 46028489)
10. M. Bilzer, H. Jaeschke, A.M. Vollmar, G. Paumgartner, and A.L. Gerbes Prevention of Kupffer cell-induced oxidant injury in rat liver by atrial natriuretic peptide Am J Physiol 276 1999 G1137 G1144
11. M. Bourdi, Y. Masubuchi, T.P. Reilly, H.R. Amouzadeh, J.L. Martin, and J.W. George Protection against acetaminophen-induced liver injury and lethality by interleukin 10: role of inducible nitric oxide synthase Hepatology 35 2002 289 298 (Pubitemid 34106367)
12. R. Campos, A. Garrido, R. Guerra, and A. Valenzuela Silybin dihemisuccinate protects against glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation induced by acetaminophen on rat liver Planta Med 55 1989 417 419 (Pubitemid 19249808)
13. X. Chen, C.K. Sun, and G.Z. Han Protective effect of tea polyphenols against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice is significantly correlated with cytochrome P450 suppression World J Gastroenterol 15 2009 1829 1835
14. H. Chiu, C.R. Gardner, D.M. Dambach, S.K. Durham, J.A. Brittingham, and J.D. Laskin Role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (p55) in hepatocyte proliferation during acetaminophen-induced toxicity in mice Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 193 2003 218 227 (Pubitemid 37476437)
15. S.D. Cohen, N.R. Pumford, E.A. Khairallah, K. Boekelheide, L.R. Pohl, and H.R. Amouzadeh Selective protein covalent binding and target organ toxicity Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 143 1997 1 12 (Pubitemid 27130601)
16. G.B. Corcoran, W.J. Racz, C.V. Smith, and J.R. Mitchell Effects of N-acetylcysteine on acetaminophen covalent binding and hepatic necrosis in mice J Pharmacol Exp Ther 232 1985 864 872 (Pubitemid 15135882)
17. C. Cover, A. Mansouri, T.R. Knight, M.L. Bajt, J.J. Lemasters, and D. Pessayre Peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial and endonuclease-mediated nuclear DNA damage in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity J Pharmacol Exp Ther 315 2005 879 887 (Pubitemid 41500754)
18. C. Cover, J. Liu, A. Farhood, E. Malle, M.P. Waalkes, and M.L. Bajt Pathophysiological role of the acute inflammatory response during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 216 2006 98 107 (Pubitemid 44402638)
19. D.C. Dahlin, G.T. Miwa, A.Y. Lu, and S.D. Nelson N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine: a cytochrome P-450-mediated oxidation product of acetaminophen Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81 1984 1327 1331 (Pubitemid 14173462)
20. D.M. Dambach, L.M. Watson, K.R. Gray, S.K. Durham, and D.L. Laskin Role of CCR2 in macrophage migration into the liver during acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the mouse Hepatology 35 2002 1093 1103 (Pubitemid 34454006)
21. H. El-Hassan, K. Anwar, P. Macanas-Pirard, M. Crabtree, S.C. Chow, and V.L. Johnson Involvement of mitochondria in acetaminophen-induced apoptosis and hepatic injury: roles of cytochrome c, Bax, Bid, and caspases Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 191 2003 118 129 (Pubitemid 36999848)
22. H. Gao, and Y.W. Zhou Anti-lipid peroxidation and protection of liver mitochondria against injuries by picroside II World J Gastroenterol 11 2005 3671 3674 (Pubitemid 41149261)
23. J.S. Gujral, T.R. Knight, A. Farhood, M.L. Bajt, and H. Jaeschke Mode of cell death after acetaminophen overdose in mice: apoptosis or oncotic necrosis? Toxicol Sci 67 2002 322 328 (Pubitemid 34746486)
24. J.S. Gujral, A. Farhood, M.L. Bajt, and H. Jaeschke Neutrophils aggravate acute liver injury during obstructive cholestasis in bile duct-ligated mice Hepatology 38 2003 355 363 (Pubitemid 36919856)
25. J.S. Gujral, J.A. Hinson, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke NADPH oxidase-derived oxidant stress is critical for neutrophil cytotoxicity during endotoxemia Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287 2004 G243 G252
26. B.K. Gunawan, Z.X. Liu, D. Han, N. Hanawa, W.A. Gaarde, and N. Kaplowitz c-Jun N-terminal kinase plays a major role in murine acetaminophen hepatotoxicity Gastroenterology 131 2006 165 178 (Pubitemid 44015744)
27. N. Hanawa, M. Shinohara, B. Saberi, W.A. Gaarde, D. Han, and N. Kaplowitz Role of JNK translocation to mitochondria leading to inhibition of mitochondria bioenergetics in acetaminophen-induced liver injury J Biol Chem 283 2008 13565 13577
28. A.H. Harrill, P.K. Ross, D.M. Gatti, D.W. Threadgill, and I. Rusyn Population-based discovery of toxicogenomics biomarkers for hepatotoxicity using a laboratory strain diversity panel Toxicol Sci 110 2009 235 243
29. D.K. Hau, R. Gambari, R.S. Wong, M.C. Yuen, G.Y. Cheng, and C.S. Tong Phyllanthus urinaria extract attenuates acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity: involvement of cytochrome P450 CYP2E1 Phytomedicine 16 2009 751 760
30. N.C. Henderson, K.J. Pollock, J. Frew, A.C. Mackinnon, R.A. Flavell, and R.J. Davis Critical role of c-jun (NH2) terminal kinase in paracetamol- induced acute liver failure Gut 56 2007 982 990 (Pubitemid 46999085)
31. J.A. Hinson, S.L. Pike, N.R. Pumford, and P.R. Mayeux Nitrotyrosine-protein adducts in hepatic centrilobular areas following toxic doses of acetaminophen in mice Chem Res Toxicol 11 1998 604 607 (Pubitemid 28285584)
32. J.A. Hinson, A.B. Reid, S.S. McCullough, and L.P. James Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: role of metabolic activation, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and mitochondrial permeability transition Drug Metab Rev 36 2004 805 822 (Pubitemid 39453075)
33. M.P. Holt, L. Cheng, and C. Ju Identification and characterization of infiltrating macrophages in acetaminophen-induced liver injury J Leukoc Biol 84 2008 1410 1421 (Pubitemid 352774476)
34. C.C. Hsu, K.Y. Lin, Z.H. Wang, W.L. Lin, and M.C. Yin Preventive effect of Ganoderma amboinense on acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury Phytomedicine 15 2008 946 950
35. B. Hu, and L.M. Colletti CXC receptor-2 knockout genotype increases X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and protects mice from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity Hepatology 52 2010 691 702
36. H. Jaeschke Glutathione disulfide formation and oxidant stress during acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice in vivo: the protective effect of allopurinol J Pharmacol Exp Ther 255 1990 935 941
37. H. Jaeschke Reactive oxygen and mechanisms of inflammatory liver injury J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15 2000 718 724 (Pubitemid 30615053)
38. H. Jaeschke Mechanisms of liver injury. II. Mechanisms of neutrophil-induced liver cell injury during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and other acute inflammatory conditions Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290 2006 G1083 G1088
39. H. Jaeschke Innate immunity and acetaminophen-induced liver injury: why so many controversies? Hepatology 48 2008 699 701
40. H. Jaeschke Antioxidant defense mechanisms C.A. McQueen, Comprehensive Toxicology vol. 9 2010 Academic Press Oxford 319 337
41. H. Jaeschke, and M.L. Bajt Intracellular signaling mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced liver cell death Toxicol Sci 89 2006 31 41 (Pubitemid 43013752)
42. H. Jaeschke, and M.L. Bajt Mechanisms of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity C.A. McQueen, Comprehensive Toxicology vol. 9 2010 Academic Press Oxford 457 473
43. H. Jaeschke, and J.J. Lemasters Apoptosis versus oncotic necrosis in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury Gastroenterology 125 2003 1246 1257 (Pubitemid 37193469)
44. H. Jaeschke, and J. Liu Neutrophil depletion protects against murine acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: another perspective (Letter) Hepatology 45 2007 1588 1589 (Pubitemid 46918350)
45. H. Jaeschke, A.P. Bautista, Z. Spolarics, and J.J. Spitzer Superoxide generation by neutrophils and Kupffer cells during in vivo reperfusion after hepatic ischemia in rats J Leukoc Biol 52 1992 377 382
46. H. Jaeschke, C. Kleinwaechter, and A. Wendel NADH-dependent reductive stress and ferritin-bound iron in allyl alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation in vivo: the protective effect of vitamin E Chem Biol Interact 81 1992 57 68
47. H. Jaeschke, A. Farhood, S.X. Cai, B.Y. Tseng, and M.L. Bajt Protection against TNF-induced liver parenchymal cell apoptosis during endotoxemia by a novel caspase inhibitor in mice Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 169 2000 77 83
48. H. Jaeschke, T.R. Knight, and M.L. Bajt The role of oxidant stress and reactive nitrogen species in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity Toxicol Lett 144 2003 279 288 (Pubitemid 36966712)
49. H. Jaeschke, C. Cover, and M.L. Bajt Role of caspases in acetaminophen-induced liver injury Life Sci 78 2006 1670 1676 (Pubitemid 43276472)
50. H. Jaeschke, C.D. Williams, M.R. McGill, and A. Farhood Herbal extracts as hepatoprotectants against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity World J Gastroenterol 16 2010 2448 2450
51. H. Jaeschke, C.D. Williams, and A. Farhood No evidence for caspase-dependent apoptosis in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity (Letter) Hepatology 53 2011 718 719
52. S. Jahr, H. Hentze, S. Englisch, D. Hardt, F.O. Fackelmayer, and R.D. Hesch DNA fragments in the blood plasma of cancer patients: quantitations and evidence for their origin from apoptotic and necrotic cells Cancer Res 61 2001 1659 1665 (Pubitemid 34292602)
53. L.P. James, S.S. McCullough, T.R. Knight, H. Jaeschke, and J.A. Hinson Acetaminophen toxicity in mice lacking NADPH oxidase activity: role of peroxynitrite formation and mitochondrial oxidant stress Free Radic Res 37 2003 1289 1297 (Pubitemid 37441712)
54. L.P. James, S.S. McCullough, L.W. Lamps, and J.A. Hinson Effect of N-acetylcysteine on acetaminophen toxicity in mice: relationship to reactive nitrogen and cytokine formation Toxicol Sci 75 2003 458 467 (Pubitemid 37220292)
55. D.J. Jollow, J.R. Mitchell, W.Z. Potter, D.C. Davis, J.R. Gillette, and B.B. Brodie Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. II. Role of covalent binding in vivo J Pharmacol Exp Ther 187 1973 195 202
56. L. Jørgensen, P. Thomsen, and H.E. Poulsen Disulfiram prevents acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in rats Pharmacol Toxicol 62 1988 267 271
57. C. Ju, T.P. Reilly, M. Bourdi, M.F. Radonovich, J.N. Brady, and J.W. George Protective role of Kupffer cells in acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury in mice Chem Res Toxicol 15 2002 1504 1513 (Pubitemid 36008198)
58. T.R. Knight, and H. Jaeschke Acetaminophen-induced inhibition of Fas receptor-mediated liver cell apoptosis: mitochondrial dysfunction versus glutathione depletion Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 181 2002 133 141 (Pubitemid 34625944)
59. T.R. Knight, A. Kurtz, M.L. Bajt, J.A. Hinson, and H. Jaeschke Vascular and hepatocellular peroxynitrite formation during acetaminophen toxicity: role of mitochondrial oxidant stress Toxicol Sci 62 2001 212 220 (Pubitemid 32707735)
60. T.R. Knight, Y.S. Ho, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke Peroxynitrite is a critical mediator of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in murine livers: protection by glutathione J Pharmacol Exp Ther 303 2002 468 475 (Pubitemid 35231215)
61. T.R. Knight, M.W. Fariss, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke Role of lipid peroxidation as a mechanism of liver injury after acetaminophen overdose in mice Toxicol Sci 76 2003 229 236 (Pubitemid 37361902)
62. K. Kon, J.S. Kim, H. Jaeschke, and J.J. Lemasters Mitochondrial permeability transition in acetaminophen-induced necrosis and apoptosis of cultured mouse hepatocytes Hepatology 40 2004 1170 1179 (Pubitemid 39425573)
63. E. Küpeli, D.D. Orhan, and E. Yesilada Effect of Cistus laurifolius L. leaf extracts and flavonoids on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice J Ethnopharmacol 103 2006 455 460 (Pubitemid 43143383)
64. D.L. Laskin Macrophages and inflammatory mediators in chemical toxicity: a battle of forces Chem Res Toxicol 22 2009 1376 1385
65. D.L. Laskin, and A.M. Pilaro Potential role of activated macrophages in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. I. Isolation and characterization of activated macrophages from rat liver Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 86 1986 204 215 (Pubitemid 17190053)
66. J.A. Lawson, M.A. Fisher, C.A. Simmons, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke Inhibition of Fas receptor (CD95)-induced hepatic caspase activation and apoptosis by acetaminophen in mice Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 156 1999 179 186 (Pubitemid 29222632)
67. J.A. Lawson, A. Farhood, R.D. Hopper, M.L. Bajt, and H. Jaeschke The hepatic inflammatory response after acetaminophen overdose: role of neutrophils Toxicol Sci 54 2000 509 516 (Pubitemid 30185974)
68. Z.X. Liu, and N. Kaplowitz Role of innate immunity in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2 2006 493 503 (Pubitemid 46118323)
69. Z.X. Liu, S. Govindarajan, and N. Kaplowitz Innate immune system plays a critical role in determining the progression and severity of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity Gastroenterology 127 2004 1760 1774 (Pubitemid 39575855)
70. Z.X. Liu, D. Han, B. Gunawan, and N. Kaplowitz Neutrophil depletion protects against murine acetaminophen hepatotoxicity Hepatology 43 2006 1220 1230 (Pubitemid 43980100)
71. B.V. Martin-Murphy, M.P. Holt, and C. Ju The role of damage associated molecular pattern molecules in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice Toxicol Lett 192 2010 387 394
72. M.J. Masson, L.D. Carpenter, M.L. Graf, and L.R. Pohl Pathogenic role of natural killer T and natural killer cells in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice is dependent on the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide Hepatology 48 2008 889 897
73. Y. Masubuchi, C. Suda, and T. Horie Involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice J Hepatol 42 2005 110 116 (Pubitemid 40038908)
74. W.R. Mathews, D.M. Guido, M.A. Fisher, and H. Jaeschke Lipid peroxidation as molecular mechanism of liver cell injury during reperfusion after ischemia Free Radic Biol Med 16 1994 763 770 (Pubitemid 24193523)
75. M.R. McGill, M.R. Sharpe, C.D. Williams, M. Taha, and H. Jaeschke Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in humans: Mitochondrial injury and DNA fragmentation in overdose patients (abstract) Toxicol Sci (Suppl 1) 120 2011 453
76. M.R. McGill, H.M. Yan, A. Ramachandran, G.J. Murray, D. Rollins, and H. Jaeschke HepaRG cells: a human model to study mechanisms of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity Hepatology 53 2011 974 982
77. J.R. Mitchell, D.J. Jollow, W.Z. Potter, D.C. Davis, J.R. Gillette, and B.B. Brodie Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. I. Role of drug metabolism J Pharmacol Exp Ther 187 1973 185 194
78. J.R. Mitchell, D.J. Jollow, W.Z. Potter, J.R. Gillette, and B.B. Brodie Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. IV. Protective role of glutathione J Pharmacol Exp Ther 187 1973 211 217
79. K.L. Muldrew, L.P. James, L. Coop, S.S. McCullough, H.P. Hendrickson, and J.A. Hinson Determination of acetaminophen-protein adducts in mouse liver and serum and human serum after hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection Drug Metab Dispos 30 2002 446 451 (Pubitemid 34263830)
80. M.P. Murphy How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species Biochem J 417 2009 1 13
81. S. Nagata, H. Nagase, K. Kawane, N. Mukae, and H. Fukuyama Degradation of chromosomal DNA during apoptosis Cell Death Differ 10 2003 108 116 (Pubitemid 36511836)
82. M. Napirei, A.G. Basnakian, E.O. Apostolov, and H.G. Mannherz Deoxyribonuclease 1 aggravates acetaminophen-induced liver necrosis in male CD-1 mice Hepatology 43 2006 297 305
83. S.D. Nelson Molecular mechanisms of the hepatotoxicity caused by acetaminophen Semin Liver Dis 10 1990 267 278
84. S.D. Nelson, and S.A. Bruschi Mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced liver disease N. Kaplowitz, L.D. DeLeve, Drug-induced liver disease 2001 Marcel Dekker New York 287 325
85. Y. Park, R.D. Smith, A.B. Combs, and J.P. Kehrer Prevention of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by dimethyl sulfoxide Toxicology 52 1988 165 175
86. Y. Qiu, L.Z. Benet, and A.L. Burlingame Identification of the hepatic protein targets of reactive metabolites of acetaminophen in vivo in mice using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry J Biol Chem 273 1998 17940 17953 (Pubitemid 28355143)
87. Y. Qiu, L.Z. Benet, and A.L. Burlingame Identification of hepatic protein targets of the reactive metabolites of the non-hepatotoxic regioisomer of acetaminophen, 3'-hydroxyacetanilide, in the mouse in vivo using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry Adv Exp Med Biol 500 2001 663 673 (Pubitemid 34107069)
88. A. Ramachandran, M. Lebofsky, C.P. Baines, J.J. Lemasters, and H. Jaeschke Cyclophilin D deficiency protects against acetaminophen-induced oxidant stress and liver injury Free Radic Res 45 2011 156 164
89. S.D. Ray, C.L. Sorge, J.L. Raucy, and G.B. Corcoran Early loss of large genomic DNA in vivo with accumulation of Ca2+ in the nucleus during acetaminophen-induced liver injury Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 106 1990 346 351
90. S.D. Ray, V.R. Mumaw, R.R. Raje, and M.W. Fariss Protection of acetaminophen-induced hepatocellular apoptosis and necrosis by cholesteryl hemisuccinate pretreatment J Pharmacol Exp Ther 279 1996 1470 1483 (Pubitemid 27166797)
91. D.W. Roberts, T.J. Bucci, R.W. Benson, A.R. Warbritton, T.A. McRae, and N.R. Pumford Immunohistochemical localization and quantification of the 3-(cystein-S-yl)-acetaminophen protein adduct in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity Am J Pathol 138 1991 359 371
92. C. Saito, J.J. Lemasters, and H. Jaeschke c-Jun N-terminal kinase modulates oxidant stress and peroxynitrite formation independent of inducible nitric oxide synthase in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 246 2010 8 17
93. C. Saito, H.M. Yan, A. Artigues, M.T. Villar, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke Mechanism of protection by metallothionein against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 242 2010 182 190
94. C. Saito, C. Zwingmann, and H. Jaeschke Novel mechanisms of protection against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice by glutathione and N-acetylcysteine Hepatology 51 2010 246 254
95. W.F. Salminen Jr., R. Voellmy, and S.M. Roberts Effect of N-acetylcysteine on heat shock protein induction by acetaminophen in mouse liver J Pharmacol Exp Ther 286 1998 519 524 (Pubitemid 28318028)
96. P. Scaffidi, T. Misteli, and M.E. Bianchi Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation Nature 418 2002 191 195 (Pubitemid 34773774)
97. W. Shen, L.M. Kamendulis, S.D. Ray, and G.B. Corcoran Acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity in cultured mouse hepatocytes: correlation of nuclear Ca2+ accumulation and early DNA fragmentation with cell death Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 111 1991 242 254
98. C.V. Smith, B.H. Lauterburg, and J.R. Mitchell Covalent binding and acute lethal injury in vivo: how has the original hypothesis survived a decade of critical examination? G.R. Wilkinson, M.D. Rawlins, Drug Metabolism and Disposition: Considerations in Clinical Pharmacology 1985 MTP Press Lancaster 161 181
99. K.E. Thummel, C.A. Lee, K.L. Kunze, S.D. Nelson, and J.T. Slattery Oxidation of acetaminophen to N-acetyl-p-aminobenzoquinone imine by human CYP3A4 Biochem Pharmacol 45 1993 1563 1569 (Pubitemid 23130300)
100. M.A. Tirmenstein, and S.D. Nelson Subcellular binding and effects on calcium homeostasis produced by acetaminophen and a nonhepatotoxic regioisomer, 3'-hydroxyacetanilide, in mouse liver J Biol Chem 264 1989 9814 9819 (Pubitemid 19159244)
101. A.Y. Wang, L.H. Lian, Y.Z. Jiang, Y.L. Wu, and J.X. Nan Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa prevents acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic injury in mice via inhibiting JNK/ERK MAPK pathway World J Gastroenterol 16 2010 384 391
102. A. Wendel, and S. Feuerstein Drug-induced lipid peroxidation in mice-I. Modulation by monooxygenase activity, glutathione and selenium status Biochem Pharmacol 30 1981 2513 2520 (Pubitemid 11042497)
103. A. Wendel, S. Feuerstein, and K.H. Konz Acute paracetamol intoxication of starved mice leads to lipid peroxidation in vivo Biochem Pharmacol 28 1979 2051 2055 (Pubitemid 9214912)
104. A. Wendel, H. Jaeschke, and M. Gloger Drug-induced lipid peroxidation in mice - II. Protection against paracetamol-induced liver necrosis by intravenous liposomally entrapped glutathione Biochem Pharmacol 31 1982 3601 3605 (Pubitemid 13244125)
105. C. Werner, and A. Wendel Hepatic uptake and antihepatotoxic properties of vitamin E and liposomes in the mouse Chem Biol Interact 75 1990 83 92 (Pubitemid 20199719)
106. C.D. Williams, M.L. Bajt, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke Acetaminophen-induced hepatic neutrophil accumulation and inflammatory liver injury in CD18-deficient mice Liver Int 30 2010 1280 1292
107. C.D. Williams, A. Farhood, and H. Jaeschke Role of caspase-1 and interleukin-1beta in acetaminophen-induced hepatic inflammation and liver injury Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 247 2010 169 178
108. K.K. Wolf, S.G. Wood, J.L. Allard, J.A. Hunt, N. Gorman, and B.W. Walton-Strong Role of CYP3A and CYP2E1 in alcohol-mediated increases in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: comparison of wild-type and Cyp2e1(-/-) mice Drug Metab Dispos 35 2007 1223 1231 (Pubitemid 46956446)
109. Y.L. Wu, D.M. Piao, X.H. Han, and J.X. Nan Protective effects of salidroside against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in mice Biol Pharm Bull 31 2008 1523 1529
110. Y.L. Wu, Y.Z. Jiang, X.J. Jin, L.H. Lian, J.Y. Piao, and Y. Wan Acanthoic acid, a diterpene in Acanthopanax koreanum, protects acetaminophen-induced hepatic toxicity in mice Phytomedicine 17 2010 475 479
111. H.M. Yan, A. Ramachandran, M.L. Bajt, J.J. Lemasters, and H. Jaeschke The oxygen tension modulates acetaminophen-induced mitochondrial oxidant stress and cell injury in cultured hepatocytes Toxicol Sci 117 2010 515 523
112. H.D. Yuan, G.Z. Jin, and G.C. Piao Hepatoprotective effects of an active part from Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in mice J Ethnopharmacol 127 2010 528 533
113. H. Zaher, J.T. Buters, J.M. Ward, M.K. Bruno, A.M. Lucas, and S.T. Stern Protection against acetaminophen toxicity in CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 double-null mice Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 152 1998 193 199 (Pubitemid 28498688)