The effects of step width and arm swing on energetic cost and lateral balance during running

Journal of Biomechanics

Volumn 44, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 1291-1295

  Arellano, Christopher J ^a   Kram, Rodger ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Economy; Locomotion; Stability

Indexed keywords

ARM SWING; ECONOMY; ENERGETIC COSTS; LEG LENGTH; LOCOMOTION; POWER DEMANDS;

METABOLISM;

COST REDUCTION;

ADULT; ARM SWING; ARTICLE; BODY EQUILIBRIUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; ENERGY COST; FEMALE; GAIT; GROUND REACTION FORCE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; KINEMATICS; MALE; METABOLIC CAPACITY; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RUNNING; STEP WIDTH; TREADMILL;

ADULT; ARM; BIOMECHANICS; ENERGY METABOLISM; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMANS; LOCOMOTION; MALE; MOVEMENT; RUNNING; TIME FACTORS; WALKING;

EID: 79954569494     PISSN: 00219290     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.01.002     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Bauby C.E., Kuo A.D. Active control of lateral balance in human walking. Journal of Biomechanics 2000, 33:1433-1440.
2. Brockway J.M. Derivation of formulae used to calculate energy expenditure in man. Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition 1987, 41:463-471.
3. Cavanagh P.R. The biomechanics of lower extremity action in distance running. Foot & Ankle 1987, 7:197-217.
4. Cavanagh P.R., Williams K.R. The effect of stride length variation on oxygen uptake during distance running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1982, 14:30-35.
5. Collins S.H., Adamczyk P.G., Kuo A.D. Dynamic arm swinging in human walking. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2009, 276:3679-3688.
6. Donelan J.M., Kram R., Kuo A.D. Mechanical and metabolic determinants of the preferred step width in human walking. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2001, 268:1985-1992.
7. Donelan J.M., Shipman D.W., Kram R., Kuo A.D. Mechanical and metabolic requirements for active lateral stabilization in human walking. Journal of Biomechanics 2004, 37:827-835.
8. Dunnett C.W. New tables for multiple comparisons with a control. International Biometric Society 1964, 20:482-491.
9. Dunnett C.W. A multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1955, 50:1096-1121.
10. Egbuonu M.E., Cavanagh P.R., Miller T.A. Degradation of running economy through changes in running mechanics. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1990, 22:S17.
11. Hamner S.R., Seth A., Delp S.L. Muscle contributions to propulsion and support during running. Journal of Biomechanics 2010, 43:2709-2716.
12. Hinrichs R.N. Upper extremity function in running: II. Angular momentum considerations. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 1987, 3:242-263.
13. Hinrichs R.N., Cavanagh P.R., Williams K.R. Upper extremity function in running: I. Center of mass and propulsion considerations. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 1987, 3:222-241.
14. Hogberg P. How do stride length and stride frequency influence the energy-output during running?. Arbeitsphysiologie; Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Physiologie 1952, 14:437-441.
15. Holt K.G., Hamill J., Andres R.O. Predicting the minimal energy costs of human walking. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1991, 23:491-498.
16. Kram R., Griffin T.M., Donelan J.M., Chang Y.H. Force treadmill for measuring vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces. Journal of Applied Physiology 1998, 85:764-769.
17. Mann R., Herman J. Kinematic analysis of Olympic sprint performance: men's 200 meters. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 1985, 151-162.
18. Mann R.V. A kinetic analysis of sprinting. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1981, 13:325-328.
19. Martin P.E., Rothstein D.E., Larish D.D. Effects of age and physical activity status on the speed-aerobic demand relationship of walking. Journal of Applied Physiology 1992, 73:200-206.
20. McClay I.S., Cavanagh P.R. Relationship between foot placement and mediolateral ground reaction forces during running. Clinical Biomechanics 1994, 117-123.
21. Mercier J., Le Gallais D., Durand M., Goudal C., Micallef J.P., Prefaut C. Energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory responses at the transition between walking and running. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 1994, 69:525-529.
22. Ortega J.D., Fehlman L.A., Farley C.T. Effects of aging and arm swing on the metabolic cost of stability in human walking. Journal of Biomechanics 2008, 41:3303-3308.
23. Owings T.M., Grabiner M.D. Measuring step kinematic variability on an instrumented treadmill: how many steps are enough?. Journal of Biomechanics 2003, 36:1215-1218.
24. Pontzer H., Holloway J.H., Raichlen D.A., Lieberman D.E. Control and function of arm swing in human walking and running. The Journal of Experimental Biology 2009, 212:523-534.
25. Ralston H.J. Energy-speed relation and optimal speed during level walking. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Physiologie, Einschliesslich Arbeitsphysiologie 1958, 17:277-283.
26. Umberger B.R., Martin P.E. Mechanical power and efficiency of level walking with different stride rates. The Journal of Experimental Biology 2007, 210:3255-3265.
27. van der Walt W.H., Wyndham C.H. An equation for prediction of energy expenditure of walking and running. Journal of Applied Physiology 1973, 34:559-563.
28. Workman J.M., Armstrong B.W. Oxygen cost of treadmill walking. Journal of Applied Physiology 1963, 18:798-803.
29. Zarrugh M.Y., Todd F.N., Ralston H.J. Optimization of energy expenditure during level walking. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 1974, 33:293-306.