Transgender identity and health care: Implications for psychosocial and physical evaluation

Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 175-182

  Alegria, Christine Aramburu ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cultural competence; Cultural diversity; Gender reassignment; Health assessment; Primary care; Psychosocial; Vulnerable

Indexed keywords

ANAMNESIS; ARTICLE; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HUMAN; MALE; NOMENCLATURE; NURSE PATIENT RELATIONSHIP; NURSE PRACTITIONER; NURSING; NURSING ASSESSMENT; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; TRANSSEXUALISM;

FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HUMANS; MALE; MEDICAL HISTORY TAKING; NURSE PRACTITIONERS; NURSE-PATIENT RELATIONS; NURSING ASSESSMENT; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; TERMINOLOGY AS TOPIC; TRANSSEXUALISM;

EID: 79954543369     PISSN: 10412972     EISSN: 17457599     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2010.00595.x     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Arlington, VA Author.
2. Aramburu Alegría, A. C. (2008). Relational maintenance and schema renegotiation following disclosure of transsexualism: An examination of sustaining male-to-female transsexual and natal female couples. University of Nevada, Reno, United States-Nevada (Ph.D. dissertation). Retrieved August 30, 2009, from Dissertations & Theses @ University of Nevada Reno. (Publication No. AAT 3316374).
3. Bone, J. (2008). 'Pregnant man' Thomas Beatie gives birth to baby girl. Timesonline Retrieved January 8, 2011, from
4. Bower, H. (2000). The gender identity disorder in the DSM-IV classification: A critical evaluation. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 1-8.
5. Brokaw, C., & Pilcher, L. (Producers), & Anderson, J. (Writer/Director). (2003). Normal (Motion picture). United States HBO Films.
6. Brown, M., & Rounsley, C. (1996). True selves: Understanding transsexualism. San Francisco Jossey-Bass.
7. Clements-Nolle, K., Marx, R., & Katz, M. (2006). Attempted suicide among transgender persons: The influence of gender-based discrimination and victimization. Journal of Homosexuality, 51, 53-69.
8. Docter, R., & Fleming, J. (2001). Measures of transsexual behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30, 255-271.
9. Dutton, L., Koenig, K., & Fennie, K. (2008). Gynecologic care of the female-to-male transgender man. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 53, 331-337.
10. Fausto-Sterling, A. (2000). Sexing the body. New York Basic Books.
11. Feldman, J., & Bockting, W. (2003). Transgender health. Minnesota Medicine, 86, 25-32.
12. Fitzpatrick, K., Euton, S., Jones, J., & Schmidt, N. (2005). Gender role, sexual orientation and suicide risk. Journal of Affective Disorders, 87, 35-42.
13. Gagné, P., & Tewksbury, R. (1998). Conformity pressures and gender resistance among transsexual individuals. Social Problems, 45, 81-101.
14. Gooren, L. (2005). Hormone treatment of the adult transsexual patient. Hormone Research, 64, 31-36.
15. Kelley, D. (Producer). (19972002). Ally McBeal (Television series). Beverly Hills, CA Fox Broadcasting Company.
16. Kenagy, G. (2005). Transgender health: Findings from two needs assessment studies in Philadelphia. Health & Social Work, 30, 19-26.
17. Kessler, S., & McKenna, W. (1978). Gender, an ethnomethodological approach. Chicago The University of Chicago Press.
18. Lawrence, A. (2004). Transgender care: Sample hormone regimens. Retrieved January 11, 2011, from
19. Lombardi, E. (2001). Enhancing transgender health care. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 869-872.
20. Lombardi, E., Wilchins, R., Priesing, D., & Malouf, D. (2001). Gender violence: Transgender experiences with violence and discrimination. Journal of Homosexuality, 42, 89-101.
21. Lorber, J. (1993). Believing is seeing: Biology as ideology. Gender & Society, 7, 568-581.
22. Money, J., & Ehrhardt, A. (1972). Man and woman, boy and girl. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press.
23. Platzer, H., & James, T. (2000). Lesbians' experiences of healthcare. NT Research, 5, 194-203.
24. Macy, W. (Producer), & Tucker, D. (Writer/Director). (2005). Transamerica. (Motion picture). United States The Weinstein Company IFC Films.
25. Meyerowitz, J. (2002). How sex changed: A history of transsexuality in the United States. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press.
26. Moore, E., Wisniewski, A., & Dobs, A. (2003). Endocrine treatment of transsexual people: A review of treatment regimens, outcomes, and adverse effects. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88, 3467-3473.
27. Nestle, J., Howell, C., & Wilchins, R. (2002). Genderqueer: Voices from beyond the sexual binary. New York Alyson Books.
28. Povich, M. (Executive Producer). (2002, Episode 39, Season 5). The Maury Povich Show. MoPo Productions.
29. Rondahl, G. (2009). Students' inadequate knowledge about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 6, 1-17.
30. Samuel, L., & Zaritsky, E. (2008). Communicating effectively with transgender patients. American Family Physician, 78, 648-650.
31. Sanchez, N., Sanchez, J., & Danoff, A. (2009). Health care utilization, barriers to care, and hormone usage among male-to-female transgender persons in New York City. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 713-719.
32. Schrock, D., Reid, L., & Boyd, E. (2005). Transsexuals' embodiment of womanhood. Gender & Society, 19, 317-335.
33. Stevens, J. (2001). Doubling. Gender and Psychoanalysis, 6, 159-168.
34. Tully, B. (1993). Aspects of interpersonal relationships for people with gender dysphoria and associated paraphilias. Sexual and Marital Therapy, 8, 137-145.
35. United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2003). Understanding HIPAA Privacy Retrieved January 11, 2011, from
36. Vitale, A. (2001). Implications of being gender dysphoric. Gender & Psychoanalysis, 6, 121-141.
37. Winfrey, O. (Executive Producer). (2007, October 12). The Oprah Winfrey Show (Television broadcast). Chicago Harpo Productions.
38. World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH). (2001). Standards of care Retrieved January 11, 2011, from
39. Wyss, S. (2004). "This was my hell": The violence experienced by gender non-conforming youths in US high schools. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 17, 703-730.