-
2
-
-
79954531167
-
-
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, Apr.
-
P.D. Moskowitz, K. Zweibel and M.P DePhillips, Understanding and Managing Health and Environmental Risks of CIS, CGS and CdTe Photovoltaic Module Production and Use: a Workshop Report, BNL 61480, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, Apr. 1994
-
(1994)
Understanding and Managing Health and Environmental Risks of CIS, CGS and CdTe Photovoltaic Module Production and Use: A Workshop Report, BNL 61480
-
-
Moskowitz, P.D.1
Zweibel, K.2
DePhillips, M.P.3
-
3
-
-
84941795179
-
Overview of potential hazards
-
T. Markvart and L. Castaner (ed.), chap. VII-2, Elsevier, Amsterdam
-
V.M. Fthenakis, Overview of Potential Hazards, in T. Markvart and L. Castaner (ed.), Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics: Fundamentals and Applications, chap. VII-2, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2003.
-
(2003)
Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics: Fundamentals and Applications
-
-
Fthenakis, V.M.1
-
4
-
-
51849131169
-
Environmental impacts of PV electricity generation - A critical comparison of energy supply options
-
E.A. Alsema, M.J. de Wild-Scholten and V.M. Fthenakis, Environmental Impacts of PV Electricity Generation - a Critical Comparison of Energy Supply Options, Proc. 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, vol.1, pp. 3167-3172, 2006.
-
(2006)
Proc. 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
, vol.1
, pp. 3167-3172
-
-
Alsema, E.A.1
De Wild-Scholten, M.J.2
Fthenakis, V.M.3
-
5
-
-
0033358210
-
Toxicity of cadmium telluride, copper indium di-selenide, and copper gallium di-selenide
-
V. M. Fthenakis, S. C. Morris, P. D. Moskowitz and D. L. Morgan, Toxicity of Cadmium Telluride, Copper Indium Di-Selenide, and Copper Gallium di-Selenide, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, vol. 7, pp. 489-497, 1999.
-
(1999)
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
, Issue.7
, pp. 489-497
-
-
Fthenakis, V.M.1
Morris, S.C.2
Moskowitz, P.D.3
Morgan, D.L.4
-
6
-
-
36549038888
-
-
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, Available at
-
K. Zweibel, V.M. Fthenakis, Cadmium Facts and Handy Comparisons, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 2006. Available at http://www.nrel.gov/cdte/cadmium-facts.html
-
(2006)
Cadmium Facts Handy Comparisons
-
-
Zweibel, K.1
Fthenakis, V.M.2
-
7
-
-
36549071489
-
Regulatory policy governing cadmium-telluride photovoltaics: A case study contrasting life cycle management with the precautionary principle
-
P. Sinha, C. J. Kriegner, W. A. Schew, S. W. Kaczmar, M. Traister and D. J. Wilson, Regulatory Policy Governing Cadmium-Telluride Photovoltaics: a Case Study Contrasting Life Cycle Management with the Precautionary Principle, Energy Policy, vol. 36, pp. 381-387, 2008.
-
(2008)
Energy Policy
, vol.36
, pp. 381-387
-
-
Sinha, P.1
Kriegner, C.J.2
Schew, W.A.3
Kaczmar, S.W.4
Traister, M.5
Wilson, D.J.6
-
9
-
-
85010547467
-
-
Stigliani & Anderberg, Industrial Metabolism, The United Nations University, chap.7, Available at
-
Stigliani & Anderberg, Industrial Metabolism, The United Nations University, chap.7, 1994. Available at http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/ 80841e/80841 E00.htm
-
(1994)
-
-
-
10
-
-
1542274593
-
Life cycle impact analysis of cadmium in CdTe PV production
-
V. M. Fthenakis, Life Cycle Impact Analysis of Cadmium in CdTe PV Production, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 8, pp. 303-334, 2004.
-
(2004)
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
, Issue.8
, pp. 303-334
-
-
Fthenakis, V.M.1
-
11
-
-
0038793322
-
-
Cadmium, U.S. Geological Survey January
-
CADMIUM, U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2008.
-
(2008)
Mineral Commodity Summaries
-
-
-
12
-
-
68849086662
-
Sustainability of photovoltaics: The case for thin-film solar cells
-
V.M. Fthenakis, Sustainability of Photovoltaics: The Case for Thin-Film Solar Cells, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, pp. 2746-2750, 2009.
-
(2009)
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
, vol.13
, pp. 2746-2750
-
-
Fthenakis, V.M.1
-
13
-
-
28444479052
-
Photovoltaic solar cells: An overview of state-of-the-art cell development and environmental issues
-
R.W. Miles, K.M. Hynes and I. Forbes, Photovoltaic Solar Cells: an Overview of State-of-The-Art Cell Development and Environmental Issues, Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, vol. 51, pp. 1-42, 2005.
-
(2005)
Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials
, vol.51
, pp. 1-42
-
-
Miles, R.W.1
Hynes, K.M.2
Forbes, I.3
-
15
-
-
33845739051
-
-
Working Paper, National Photovoltaic Environmental - Health and Safety Assistance Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY
-
V. M. Fthenakis, Could CdTe PV Modules Pollute the Environment?, Working Paper, National Photovoltaic Environmental - Health and Safety Assistance Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 2002.
-
(2002)
Could CdTe PV Modules Pollute the Environment?
-
-
Fthenakis, V.M.1
-
16
-
-
58149321936
-
An investigation of cadmium telluride thin-film PV modules by impact pathway analysis
-
A. E. Baumann, K. M. Hynes and R. Hill, An investigation of Cadmium Telluride Thin-Film PV Modules by Impact Pathway Analysis, Renewable Energy, vol. 6, pp. 593-599, 1995.
-
(1995)
Renewable Energy
, vol.6
, pp. 593-599
-
-
Baumann, A.E.1
Hynes, K.M.2
Hill, R.3
-
17
-
-
29044435310
-
Emissions and encapsulation of cadmium in CdTe PV modules during fires
-
V.M. Fthenakis, M. Fuhrmann, J. Heiser, A. Lanzirotti, J. Fitts and W. Wang, Emissions and Encapsulation of Cadmium in CdTe PV Modules During Fires, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, vol. 13, pp.713-23, 2005.
-
(2005)
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
, vol.13
, pp. 713-723
-
-
Fthenakis, V.M.1
Fuhrmann, M.2
Heiser, J.3
Lanzirotti, A.4
Fitts, J.5
Wang, W.6
-
18
-
-
79954473066
-
How dangerous is cadmium telluride?
-
March
-
How dangerous is cadmium telluride? - Photon International, p. 100, March 2009.
-
(2009)
Photon International
, pp. 100
-
-
-
19
-
-
0032024129
-
Health, safety and environmental risks from the operation of CdTe and CIS thin-film modules
-
H. Steinberger, Health, Safety and Environmental Risks from the Operation of CdTe and CIS Thin-Film Modules, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, vol. 6, pp. 99-103, 1998
-
(1998)
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
, vol.6
, pp. 99-103
-
-
Steinberger, H.1
-
20
-
-
85010487138
-
-
LCA Analysis, Report, Project SENSE (Sustainability Evaluation of Solar Energy Systems) funded by the Available at
-
LCA Analysis, Report, Project SENSE (Sustainability Evaluation of Solar Energy Systems) funded by the European Community under the 5th Framework Programme 2008. Available at http://www.senseeu.net/30.html
-
(2008)
European Community under the 5th Framework Programme
-
-
-
21
-
-
67649669914
-
End-of-life PV: Then what?
-
K. Larsen, End-of-life PV: then what?, Renewable Energy Focus, vol. 10, pp. 28-53, 2009
-
(2009)
Renewable Energy Focus
, vol.10
, pp. 28-53
-
-
Larsen, K.1
-
22
-
-
33745395974
-
Extraction and separation of Cd and Te from cadmium telluride photovoltaic manufacturing scrap
-
V.M. Fthenakis and W. Wang, Extraction and Separation of Cd and Te from Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Manufacturing Scrap, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, vol. 14, pp. 363-371, 2006
-
(2006)
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
, vol.14
, pp. 363-371
-
-
Fthenakis, V.M.1
Wang, W.2
-
23
-
-
85010525777
-
Study on the development of a take back and recovery system for photovoltaic products
-
Co-financed by EPIA / BSW-SOLAR, November Available at
-
Study on the Development of a Take Back and Recovery System for Photovoltaic Products, Report, Project funded by BMU (grant number 03MAP092), Co-financed by EPIA / BSW-SOLAR, November 2007. Available at http://www.pvcycle.org/fileadmin/pvcycle-docs/docume nts/publications/Report- PVCycle-Download-En.pdf
-
(2007)
Report, Project Funded by BMU (Grant Number 03MAP092)
-
-
-
24
-
-
0034332938
-
End-of-life management and recycling of PV modules
-
V.M. Fthenakis, End-of-life Management and Recycling of PV Modules, Energy Policy, vol. 28, pp. 1051-1058, 2000.
-
(2000)
Energy Policy
, vol.28
, pp. 1051-1058
-
-
Fthenakis, V.M.1
-
25
-
-
34547605972
-
Thin-film solar cells: Review of materials, technologies and commercial status
-
M.A. Green, Thin-film Solar Cells: Review of Materials, Technologies and Commercial Status, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 18, pp. 15-19, 2007.
-
(2007)
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
, vol.18
, pp. 15-19
-
-
Green, M.A.1
-
26
-
-
0003691583
-
-
Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment (NOVEM) Report nr.96074 - ISBN 9073958-17-2
-
E. Alsema, Environmental Aspects of Solar Cell Modules, Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment (NOVEM) Report nr.96074 - ISBN 9073958-17-2, 1996.
-
(1996)
Environmental Aspects of Solar Cell Modules
-
-
Alsema, E.1
-
27
-
-
0033618561
-
Photovoltaic technology: The case for thinfilm solar cells
-
A. Shah, P. Torres R. Tscharner, N. Wyrsch and H. Keppner, Photovoltaic Technology: the Case for ThinFilm Solar Cells, Science, vol. 285, pp. 692-698, 1999.
-
(1999)
Science
, vol.285
, pp. 692-698
-
-
Shah, A.1
Torres, P.2
Tscharner, R.3
Wyrsch, N.4
Keppner, H.5
-
28
-
-
18344413865
-
Strategies for enhancing the commercial viability of CdTe-based photovoltaics
-
C. Eberspacher, C. Gay and P. Moskowitz, Strategies for Enhancing the Commercial Viability of CdTe-based Photovoltaics, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 41, pp. 637-653, 1996.
-
(1996)
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
, vol.41
, pp. 637-653
-
-
Eberspacher, C.1
Gay, C.2
Moskowitz, P.3
-
29
-
-
41849117252
-
Emissions from photovoltaic life cycles
-
V.M. Fthenakis, H.C. Kim and E. Alsema, Emissions from Photovoltaic Life Cycles, Environmental Science & Technology 42, pp. 2168-2174, 2008.
-
(2008)
Environmental Science & Technology
, vol.42
, pp. 2168-2174
-
-
Fthenakis, V.M.1
Kim, H.C.2
Alsema, E.3
-
30
-
-
34247135826
-
Life cycle assessment and energy pay-back time of advanced photovoltaic modules. CdTe and CIS compared to PolySi
-
M. Raugei, S. Bargigli and S. Ulgiati, Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Pay-Back Time of Advanced Photovoltaic Modules. CdTe and CIS Compared to PolySi, Energy, vol. 32, pp. 1310-1318, 2007.
-
(2007)
Energy
, vol.32
, pp. 1310-1318
-
-
Raugei, M.1
Bargigli, S.2
Ulgiati, S.3
-
31
-
-
0035284009
-
A life cycle analysis on thin-film CdS/CdTe PV modules
-
K. Kato, T. Hibino, K. Komoto, S. Ihara, S. Yamamoto and H. Fujihara, A Life Cycle Analysis on Thin-Film CdS/CdTe PV Modules, Solar - Energy Matter Solar Cells, vol. 67, pp. 279-87, 2001.
-
(2001)
Solar - Energy Matter Solar Cells
, vol.67
, pp. 279-287
-
-
Kato, K.1
Hibino, T.2
Komoto, K.3
Ihara, S.4
Yamamoto, S.5
Fujihara, H.6
-
33
-
-
19944398832
-
Overview and methodology
-
Dübendorf., Available at
-
ECOINVENT V2.0 - R. Frischlcnecht, N. Jungbluth, H.J. Althaus, G. Doka, T. Heck, S. Hellweg, R. Hischier, T. Nemecek, G. Rebitzer, M. Spielmann and G. Wernet, Overview and Methodology. Ecoinvent report No. 1. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf., 2007. Available at www.ecoinvent.org
-
(2007)
Ecoinvent Report No. 1. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories
-
-
Frischlcnecht, R.1
Jungbluth, N.2
Althaus, H.J.3
Doka, G.4
Heck, T.5
Hellweg, S.6
Hischier, R.7
Nemecek, T.8
Rebitzer, G.9
Spielmann, M.10
Wernet, G.11
-
34
-
-
58149105599
-
The technical, geographical and economic feasibility for solar energy to supply the energy needs of the US
-
V.M. Fthenakis, J.E. Mason and K. Zweibel, The Technical, Geographical and Economic Feasibility for Solar Energy to Supply the Energy Needs of the US, Energy Policy, vol. 37, pp. 387-399, 2009.
-
(2009)
Energy Policy
, vol.37
, pp. 387-399
-
-
Fthenakis, V.M.1
Mason, J.E.2
Zweibel, K.3
-
35
-
-
61549143372
-
Life cycle impacts and costs of photovoltaic systems: Current state of the art and future outlooks
-
M. Raugei and P. Frankl, Life Cycle Impacts and Costs of Photovoltaic Systems: Current State of the Art and Future Outlooks, Energy, vol. 34, pp. 392-399, 2009.
-
(2009)
Energy
, vol.34
, pp. 392-399
-
-
Raugei, M.1
Frankl, P.2
-
36
-
-
85010485635
-
-
Toward a Just and Sustainable Solar Energy Industry, Jan. 14, 2009.
-
Toward a Just and Sustainable Solar Energy Industry, Jan. 14, 2009.
-
-
-
|