Particularities of early life stages in temperate freshwater fish species: Comparisons with marine species and implications for aquaculture practices

Aquaculture Research

Volumn 42, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 630-654

  Telehea, Fabrice ^a   Fontaine, Pascal ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE LORRAINE   (France)

Author keywords

Domestication; Egg; Freshwater; Larvae; Marine

Indexed keywords

AQUACULTURE SYSTEM; CANNIBALISM; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DOMESTICATION; EGG; FISH; FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT; WATER COLUMN;

EID: 79954459149     PISSN: 1355557X     EISSN: 13652109     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02656.x     Document Type: Review

References (290)

1. Abi-Ayad S.M.E.-A., Mélard C. & Kestemont P. (1997) Effects of n-3 fatty acids in Eurasian perch broodstock diet on egg fatty acid composition and larvae stress resistance. Aquaculture International 5, 161-168.
2. Alderdice D.F. (1985) A pragmatic view of early life history studies of fish. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 114, 445-451.
3. Álvarez A.L., Racotta I.S., Arjona O. & Palacios E. (2004) Salinity stress test as a predictor of survival during growout in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture 237, 237-249.
4. Avery T.S., Killen S.S. & Hollinger T.R. (2009) The relationship of embryonic development, mortality, hatching success, and larval quality to normal or abnormal early embryonic cleavage in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Aquaculture 289, 265-273.
5. Balon E.K. (1984) Reflections on some decisive events in the early life of fishes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 113, 178-185.
6. Balon E.K. (1986) Types of feeding in the ontogeny of fishes and the life history model. Environmental Biology of Fishes 16, 11-24.
7. Baras E. & Jobling M. (2002) Dynamics of intracohort cannibalism in cultured fish. Aquaculture Research 33, 461-479.
8. Bardonnet A. & Jatteau P. (2008) Salinity tolerance in young Allis shad larvae (Alosa alosa L.). Ecology of Freshwater Fish 17, 193-197.
9. Barrows F.T., Gaylord T.G., Stone D.A.J. & Smith C.E. (2007) Effect of protein source and nutrient density on growth efficiency, histology and plasma amino acid concentration of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aquaculture Research 38, 1747-1758.
10. Bascinar N. & Okumus I. (2004) The early development of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill): survival and growth rates of alevins. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 28, 297-301.
11. Battle H.I. (1940) The embryology and larval development of the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) from Lake Erie. Ohio Journal of Science 40, 82-93.
12. Bazyar Lakeh A.A., Ahmadi M.R., Safi S., Ytrestøyl T. & Bjerkeng B. (2010) Growth performance, mortality and carotenoid pigmentation of fry offspring as affected by dietary supplementation of astaxanthin to female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26, 35-39.
13. Bebak J., Hankins J.A. & Summerfelt S.T. (2000) Effect of temperature on survival of eyed eggs and alevins of Arctic char. North American Journal of Aquaculture 62, 139-143.
14. Bernier-Bourgault I. & Magnan P. (2002) Factors affecting redd site selection, hatching, and emergence of brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, in an artificially enhanced site. Environmental Biology of Fish 64, 333-341.
15. Bilio M. (2008) Controlled Reproduction and Domestication in Aquaculture - The Current State of the Art, Part I-IV. European Aquaculture Society, Aquaculture Europe, Oostende, Belgium.
16. Billard R., Cosson J., Perchec G. & Linhart O. (1995) Biology of sperm and artificial reproduction in carp. Aquaculture 129, 95-112.
17. Blaxter J.H.S. (1992) The effect of temperature on larval fishes. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 42, 336-357.
18. Bobe J. & Labbé C. (2010) Egg and sperm quality in fish. General and Comparative Endocrinology 165, 535-548.
19. Bohlen J. (1999) Influence of salinity on early development in the spined loach. Journal of Fish Biology 55, 189-198.
20. Bohlen J. & Ritterbusch D. (2000) Which factors affect sex ratio of spined loach (genus Cobitis) in Lake Müggelsee? Environmental Biology of Fishes 59, 347-352.
21. Bonislawska M., Formicki K. & Winnicki A. (2000) Duration of embryonic development and S/V (surface/volume) coefficient in fish eggs. Archives of Polish Fisheries 8, 161-169.
22. Bonislawska M., Formicki K., Korzelecka-Orkisz A. & Winnicki A. (2001) Fish egg size variability: biological significance. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities 4, #2.
23. Braid M.R. & Shell E.W. (1981) Incidence of cannibalism among striped bass fry in an intensive culture system. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 43, 210-212.
24. Brännäs E. (1988) Emergence of Baltic salmon, Salmo salar L., in relation to temperature: a laboratory study. Journal of Fish Biology 33, 589-600.
25. Brooks S., Tyler C.R. & Sumpter J.P. (1997) Egg quality in fish: what makes a good egg? Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7, 387-416.
26. Brown P.B., Dabrowski K. & Garling D.L. (1996) Nutrition and feeding of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 12, 171-174.
27. Brugère C. & Ridler N. (2004) Global Aquaculture Outlook in the Next Decades: An Analysis of National Aquaculture Production Forecasts to 2030. FAO Fisheries Circular No.1001. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
28. Bry C. & Gillet C. (1980) Reduction of cannibalism in pike (Esox lucius) fry by isolation of full-sib families. Reproduction Nutrition Development 20, 173-182.
29. Bry C., Basset E., Rognon X. & Bonamy F. (1992) Analysis of sibling cannibalism among pike, Esox lucius, juveniles reared under semi-natural conditions. Environmental Biology of Fishes 35, 75-84.
30. Brzuska E. & Adamek J. (1999) Artificial spawning of European catfish, Silurus glanis L.: stimulation of ovulation using LHRH-a, Ovaprim and carp pituiary extract. Aquaculture Research 30, 59-64.
31. Brzuska E. & Bialowas H. (2002) Artificial spawning of carp, Cyrpinus carpio (L.). Aquaculture Research 33, 753-765.
32. Burlakov A.B., Dobrynina M.T., Medvedeva A.A. & Poluektova O.G. (2006) Development of hypophysis and differentiation of its secretory cells at the early postembryonic development of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cyprinidae). Journal of Ichthyology 46, 97-107.
33. Cahu C. & Zambonino-Infante J. (2001) Substitution of live food by formulated diets in marine fish larvae. Aquaculture 200, 161-180.
34. Cahu C.L., Gisbert E., Villeneuve L.A.N., Morais S., Hamza N., Wold P.-A. & Zambonino-Infante J.L. (2009) Influence of dietary phospholipids on early ontogenesis of fish. Aquaculture Research 40, 989-999.
35. Calta M. (1998) Early development of barbel (Barbus barbus L.) larvae. Turkish Journal of Zoology 22, 17-22.
36. Calta M. (2000) Morphological development and growth of chub, Leuciscus cephalus (L.), larvae. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 16, 83-85.
37. Carmie H. & Jonard L. (1988) Elevage larvaire et production de juvéniles estivaux d'ombre commun (Thymallus thymallus L.) avec un nourrissage exclusif à l'aliment sec. Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture 311, 103-112.
38. Carmie H., Morelet B., Maisse G., Jonard L. & Cuinat R. (1985) Observations sur la reproduction artificielle de l'ombre commun (Thymallus thymallus). Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture 296, 2-16.
39. Carral J.M., Celada J.D., Sáez-Royuela M., Rodríguez R., Aguilera A. & Melendre P. (2006) Effects of four egg desticking procedures on hatching rate and further survival and growth of larvae in the tench (Tinca tinca L.). Aquaculture Research 37, 632-636.
40. Carvalho A.P., Escaffre A.-M., Oliva Teles A. & Bergot P. (1997) First feeding of common carp larvae on diets with levels of protein hydrolysates. Aquaculture International 5, 361-367.
41. Casal C.M. (2006) Global documentation of fish introduction: the growing crisis and recommendations for action. Biological Invasions 8, 3-11.
42. Celada J.D., Carral J.M., Rodriguez R., Saez-Royuela A., Aguilera A., Melendre P. & Martin J. (2007) Tench (Tinca tinca L.) larvae rearing under controlled conditions: density and basic supply of Artemia nauplii as the sole food. Aquaculture International 15, 489-495.
43. Chambers R.C. & Leggett W. (1996) Maternal influences on variation in egg sizes in temperate marine fishes. The American Naturalist 36, 180-196.
44. Champigneulle A. (1988) A first experiment in mass-rearing of coregonid larvae in tanks with dry food. Aquaculture 74, 249-261.
45. Champigneulle A. & Rojas-Beltran R. (1990) First attempts to optimize the mass rearing of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) larvae from Leman and Bourget Lakes (France) in tanks and cages. Aquatic Living Resources 3, 217-228.
46. Charlon N. & Bergot P. (1984) Rearing system for feeding fish larvae on dry diet. Trial with carp Cyprinus carpio larvae. Aquaculture 41, 1-9.
47. Colesante R.T. (1996) Transportation and handling of walleye eggs, fry, fingerlings, and broodstock. In: Walleye Culture Manual (ed. by R.C. Summerfelt), pp. 79-83. North Central Regional Aquaculture Center Publications Office, Ames, IA, USA.
48. Conceição L.E.C., Aragão C., Richard N., Engrola S., Gavaia P., Mira S. & Dias J. (2010) Novel methodologies in marine fish larval nutrition. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 36, 1-16.
49. Conceição L.E.C., Yúfera M., Makridis P., Morais S. & Dinis M.T. (2010) Live feeds for early stages of fish rearing. Aquaculture Research 41, 613-640.
50. Coutinho P., Rema P., Otero A., Pereira O. & Fabregas J. (2006) Use of biomass of the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana in the nutrition of goldfish (Carassius auratus) larvae as source of protein and vitamins. Aquaculture Research 37, 793-798.
51. Craik J.C.A. & Harvey S.M. (1984) Egg quality in rainbow trout: the relation between egg viability, selected aspects of egg composition, and time of stripping. Aquaculture 40, 115-134.
52. Dabrowski K. (1984a) The feeding of fish larvae: present 'state of art' and perspectives. Reproduction Nutrition Development 24, 807-833.
53. Dabrowski K. (1984b) Influence of initial weight during the change from live to compound feed on the survival and growth of four cyprinids. Aquaculture 40, 27-40.
54. Dabrowski K. & Bardega R. (1984) Mouth size and predicted food size preferences of larvae of three cyprinid fish species. Aquaculture 40, 47-55.
55. De March B.G.E. (1995) Effects of incubation temperature on hatching success of Arctic char eggs. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 57, 132-136.
56. Demska-Zakes K., Zakes Z. & Roszuk J. (2005) The use of tannic acid to remove adhesiveness from pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, eggs. Aquaculture Research 36, 1458-1464.
57. De Silva S.S., Nguyen T.T., Abery N.W. & Amarasinghe U.S. (2006) An evaluation of the role and impacts of alien finfish in Asian inland aquaculture. Aquaculture Research 37, 1-17.
58. De Silva S.S., Nguyen T.T.T., Turchini G.M., Amarasinghe U.S. & Abery N.W. (2009) Alien species in aquaculture and biodiversity: a paradox in food production. Ambio 38, 24-28.
59. Dhert P., Lavens P. & Sorgeloos P. (1992) Stress evaluation: a tool for quality control of hatchery produced shrimp and fish fry. Aquaculture Europe 17, 6-10.
60. Diana J.S. (2009) Aquaculture production and biodiversity conservation. Bioscience 59, 27-38.
61. Dostatni D. & Luczynski M. (1991) Duration of eleutheroembryonic phase of Coregonus albula (L.) larvae reared at different constant and variable temperatures. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 22, 19-24.
62. Dou S.Z., Masuda R., Tanaka M. & Tsukamoto K. (2005) Effects of temperature and delayed initial feeding on the survival and growth of Japanese flounder larvae. Journal of Fish Biology 66, 362-377.
63. Drouin M.A., Kidd R.B. & Hynes J.O. (1986) Intensive culture of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill) using Artemia and artificial feed. Aquaculture 59, 107-188.
64. Eldridge M.B., Whipple J.A. & Bowers M.J. (1982) Bioenergetics and growth of striped bass, Morone saxatilis, embryos and larvae. Fishery Bulletin 80, 461-474.
65. Elgar M.A. (1990) Evolutionary compromise between a few large and many small eggs: comparative evidence in teleost fish. Oikos 59, 283-287.
66. Elliott J.M., Humpesch U.H. & Hurley M.A. (1987) A comparative study of eight mathematical models for the relationship between water temperature and hatching time of eggs of freshwater fish. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 109, 257-277.
67. El-Saidy D., Dabrowski K. & Bai S.C. (2000) Nutritional effects of protein source in starter diets for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque) in suboptimal water temperature. Aquaculture Research 31, 885-892.
68. Emata A.C, Borlongan I.G. & Damaso J.P. (2000) Dietary vitamin C and E supplementation and reproduction of milkfish Chanos chanos Forsskal. Aquaculture Research 31, 557-564.
69. Escaffre A.-M. & Bergot P. (1985) Effet d'une alimentation précoce ou retardée sur la croissance d'alevins de truite arc-en-ciel (Salmo gairdneri) issus d'œufs de tailles différentes. Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture 296, 17-28.
70. Eskelinen P. (1989) Effects of different diets on egg production and egg quality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 79, 275-281.
71. Falk-Petersen I.B. (2005) Comparative organ differentiation during early life stages of marine fish. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 19, 397-412.
72. FAO (2009) The State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2008. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
73. Fernández San Juan J. (1995) Tench (Tinca tinca (L.)) propagation in Spain. Induced spawing and larval development. Polish Archives of Hydrobiology 42, 63-67.
74. Flüchter J. (1980) Review of the present knowledge or rearing whitefish (Coregonidae) larvae. Aquaculture 19, 191-208.
75. Folkvord A. (1997) Ontogeny of cannibalism in larval and juvenile fish with special emphasis on cod, Gadus morhua L. In: Early Life History and Recruitment in Fish Populations (ed. by R.C. Chambers & E.D. Trippel), pp. 251-278. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
76. Fontaine P. (2009) Development of European inland fish culture and domestication of new species. Cahiers d'Agriculture 18, 144-147 [in French].
77. Fontaine P., Legendre M., Vandeputte M. & Fostier A. (2009) Domestication of new species and sustainable development in fish culture. Cahiers Agricultures 18, 119-124 [in French].
78. Fulford R.S., Rice J.A., Miller T.J., Binkowski F.P., Dettmers J.M. & Belonger B. (2006) Foraging selectivity by larval yellow perch (Perca flavescens): implications for understanding recruitment in small and large lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, 28-42.
79. Geffen A.J. (2002) Length of herring larvae in relation to age and time of hatching. Journal of Fish Biology 60, 479-485.
80. Geffen A.J., Fox C.J. & Nash R.D.M. (2006) Temperature-dependent development rates of cod Gadus morhua eggs. Journal of Fish Biology 69, 1060-1080.
81. Gela D., Linhart O., Flajshans M. & Rodina M. (2003) Egg incubation time and hatching success in tench Tinca tinca (L.) related to the procedure of egg stickiness elimination. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 19, 132-133.
82. Gerasimov Y.V. & Stolbunov I.A. (2007) Effect of environmental information richness during early development of bream (Abramis brama; Cyprinidae) upon feeding and defensive behavior of its yearlings. Journal of Ichthyology 47, 253-261.
83. Geurden I., Aramendi M., Zambonino-Infante J. & Panserat S. (2007) Early feeding of carnivorous rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a hyperglucidic diet during a short period: effect on dietary glucose utilization in juveniles. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292, 2275-2283.
84. Gibb A.C., Liu C. & Swanson B.O. (2007) Heterochrony and the development of the escape response: prehatching movements in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of Experimental Zoology 307, 556-567.
85. Giles N., Wright M. & Nord M.E. (1986) Cannibalism in pike fry, Esox lucius L. some experiment with fry densities. Journal of Fish Biology 29, 107-113.
86. Gillet C. (1991) Egg production in an Artic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) brood stock: effects of temperature on the timing of spawning and the quality of eggs. Aquatic Living Resources 4, 109-116.
87. Gorodilov Y.A. (1996) Description of the early ontogeny of the Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, with a novel system of interval (stade) identification. Environmental Biology of Fish 47, 109-127.
88. Gozlan R., Copp G.H. & Tourenq J.N. (1999) Early development of the sofie, Chondrostoma toxostoma. Environmental Biology of Fish 56, 67-77.
89. Guillard J.C., Gillet C. & Champigneulle A. (1992) Principales caractéristiques de l'élevage de l'omble chevalier (Salvelinus alpinus, L.) en eau douce. Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture 325, 47-68.
90. Gunn J.M & Noakes D.L.G. (1987) Latent effects of pulse exposure to aluminium and low pH on size, ionic composition, and feeding efficiency of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) alevins. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, 1418-1424.
91. Gunnes K. (1979) Survival and development of Atlantic salmon eggs and fry at three different temperatures. Aquaculture 16, 211-218.
92. Gunther S.J., Moccia R.D. & Bureau D.P. (2005) Growth and whole body composition of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), brook trout (Savelinus fontinalis) and their hybrid, F1 splake (Salvelinus namaycush x Salvelinus fontinalis), from first-feeding to 16 weeks post first-feeding. Aquaculture 249, 195-204.
93. Halacka K. & Lusk S. (1995) Mortaliry in eggs of nase, Chondrostoma nasus, during incubation. Folia Zoologica 44, 51-56.
94. Hall S.R. & Mills E.L. (2000) Exotic species in large lakes of the world. Aquatic Ecosystems Health and Management 3, 105-135.
95. Hamackova J., Lepicova A., Prokes M., Lepic P., Kozak P., Policar T. & Stanny L.A. (2007) Success of nursing ide (Leuciscus idus, L.) fry related to the period of feeding with live food. Aquaculture International 15, 255-265.
96. Hamackova J., Prokes M., Kozak P., Peňáz M., Stanny L.A., Policar T. & Barus V. (2009) Growth and development of vimba bream (Vimba vimba) larvae in relation to feeding duration with live and/or dry starter feed. Aquaculture 287, 158-162.
97. Hamza N., Mhetli M., Khemis I.B., Cahu C. & Kestemont P. (2008) Effect of dietary phospholipid levels on performance, enzyme activities and fatty acid composition of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae. Aquaculture 275, 274-282.
98. Hansen T. (1985) Artificial hatching substrate: effect of yolk absorption, mortality and growth during first feeding of sea trout (Salmo trutta). Aquaculture 46, 275-285.
99. Harris K.C. & Hulsman P.F. (1991) Intensive culture of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from larvae to yearling size using dry feeds. Aquaculture 96, 255-268.
100. Harzevili A.S., De Charleroy D., Auwerx J., Vught I. & Van Slycken J. (2003) Larval rearing of chub, Leuciscus cephalus (L.) using decapsulated Artemia as direct food. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 19, 123-125.
101. Harzevili A.S., De Charleroy D., Auwerx I., Vught I., Van Slycken J., Dhert P. & Sorgeloos P. (2003) Larval rearing of burbot (Lota lota L.) using Brachionus calyciflorus rotifer as starter food. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 19, 84-87.
102. Harzevili A.S., Dooremont I., Vught I., Auwerx J., Quataert P. & De Charleroy D. (2004) First feeding of burbot, Lota lota (Gadidae, Teleostei) larvae under different temperature and light conditions. Aquaculture Research 35, 49-55.
103. Harzevili A.S., Vught I., Auwerx J. & De Charleroy D. (2004) Larval rearing of ide (Leuciscus idus (L.)) using decapsulated artemia. Archives of Polish Fisheries 12, 191-195.
104. Hecht T. (1996) An alternative life history approach to the nutrition and feeding of Siluroidei larvae and early juveniles. Aquatic Living Resources 9, 121-133.
105. Hecht T. & Pienaar A.G. (1993) A review of cannibalism and its implications in fish larviculture. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 24, 246-261.
106. Hensel K. (1999) To be a juvenile and not to be a larva: an attempt to synthesize. Environmental Biology of Fishes 56, 277-280.
107. Hilge V. & Steffens W. (1996) Aquaculture of fry and fingerling of pike-perch (Stizostedion lucioperca L.) - a short review. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 10, 167-170.
108. Hirst A. & Lopez-Urrutia A. (2006) Effects of evolution on egg development time. Marine Ecology Progress Series 326, 29-35.
109. Holm S.C. (1986) Yolk sac absorption and early food selection in Atlantic salmon feeding on live prey. Aquaculture 54, 173-183.
110. Honkanen J.O., Kostamo A. & Kukkonen J.V.K. (2005) Toxicity of a phytosterol mixture to grayling (Thymallus thymallus) during early developmental stages. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 48, 391-396.
111. Horvath A., Miskolczi E., Mihalffy S., Osz K., Szabo K. & Urbanyi B. (2007) Cryopreservation of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) sperm in 1.2 and 5ml straws and occurrence of haploids among larvae produced with cryopreserved sperm. Cryobiology 54, 251-257.
112. Horvath L. (1977) Improvement of the method for propagation, larval and postlarval rearing of the wells (Silurus glanis L.). Aquaculture 10, 161-167.
113. Horvath L. (1980) Use of a protelytic enzyme to improve incubation of eggs of the European catfish. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 42, 110-111.
114. Houde E.D. (1994) Differences between marine and freshwater fish larvae: implications for recruitment. ICES Journal of Marine Science 51, 91-97.
115. Humpesch U.H. (1985) Inter and intra-specific variation in hatching success and embryonic development of five species of salmonids and Thymallus thymallus. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 104, 129-144.
116. Huuskonen H., Penttinen O. & Piironen J. (2003) Effects of temperature and parental background on the embryonic survival and metabolic rate of newly hatched arctic charr. In: The Big Fish Bang. Proceedings of the 26th Annual Larval Fish Conference (ed. by H.I. Browman & A.B. Skiftesvik), pp. 35-44. The Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
117. Innal D. & Erk'akan F. (2006) Effects of exotic and translocated fish species in the inland waters of Turkey. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 16, 39-50.
118. Ito T., Sano M., Kurita J., Yuasa K. & Iida T. (2007) Carp larvae are not susceptible to Koi herpesvirus. Fish Pathology 42, 107-109.
119. Jarrams P. (1979) Egg, fry and smolt production from salmon, Salmo salar L. and sea trout Salmo trutta L. reared entirely in fresh water. Journal of Fish Biology 15, 607-611.
120. Jentoft S., Held J.A., Malison J.A & Barry T.P. (2002) Ontogeny of the cortisol stress response in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 26, 371-378.
121. Jezierska B., Korwinn-Kossakowski M. & Jowko G. (1979) The effect of starvation and temperature conditions on vendace (Coregonus albula L.) larvae. Polish Archives of Hydrobiology 26, 387-395.
122. Jobling M., Coey S., Whitmore J.G., Kime D.E., Van Look K.J.W., McAllister B.G., Beresford N., Henshaw A.C., Brighty G., Tyler C.R. & Sumpter J.P. (2002) Wild intersex roach (Rutilus rutilus) have reduced fertility. Biology of Reproduction 67, 515-524.
123. Johnson J.H. & Dropkin D.S. (1995) Effects of prey density and short term food deprivation on the growth and survival of american shad larvae. Journal of Fish Biology 46, 872-879.
124. Johnston I.A. & McLay H.A. (1997) Temperature and family effects on muscle cellularity at hatch and first feeding in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, 64-74.
125. Johnston T.A., Wiegand M.D., Leggett W.C., Pronyk R.J., Dyal S.D., Watchorn K.E., Kollar S. & Casselman J.M. (2007) Hatching success of walleye embryos in relation to maternal and ova characteristics. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 16, 295-306.
126. Jordaan A., Hayhurst S.E. & Kling L.J. (2006) The influence of temperature on the stage at hatch of laboratory reared Gadus morhua and implications for comparisons of length and morphology. Journal of Fish Biology 68, 7-24.
127. Kaiser H., Endemann F. & Paulet T.G. (2003) A comparison of artificial and natural foods and their combinations in the rearing of goldfish, Carassius carassius. Aquaculture Research 34, 943-950.
128. Kamler E. (2002) Ontogeny of yolk-feeding fish: an ecological perspective. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 12, 79-103.
129. Kamler E. (2005) Parent-egg-progeny relationships in teleost fishes: an energetics perspective. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 15, 399-421.
130. Kamler E. (2008) Resource allocation in yolk-feeding fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 18, 143-200.
131. Kamler E. & Malczewski B. (1982) Quality of egg obtained by induced breeding. Polish Archives of Hydrobiology 29, 599-606.
132. Kamler E. & Wolnicki J. (2006) The biological background for the production of stocking material of 11 European rheophilic cyprinids. A review. Large Rivers 16, 667-687.
133. Kamler E., Szlaminska M., Przybyl A., Barska B. & Jakubas M. (1990) Developmental response of carp, Cyprinus carpio, larvae fed different foods or starved. Environmental Biology of Fishes 29, 303-313.
134. Kamler E., Szlaminska M., Hamackova J., Kouril J., Vachta R., Stibranyiova I. & Asenjo C.M. (1995) Growth and metabolism during development of tench, (Tinca tinca (L.)) Embryos and larvae at 22°C. Polish Archives of Hydrobiology 42, 97-108.
135. Kaya C.M. (1989) Rheotaxis of young Arctic grayling from populations that spawn in inlet or outlet streams of a lake. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 118, 474-481.
136. Keckeis H. & Schiemer F. (1992) Food consumption and growth of larvae and juveniles of three cyprinid species at different food levels. Environmental Biology of Fishes 33, 33-45.
137. Keckeis H., Bauer-Nemeschkal E., Menshutkin V.V., Nemeschkal H.L. & Kamler E. (2000) Effects of female attributes and egg properties on offspring viability in a rheophilic cyprinid, Chondrostoma nasus. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, 789-796.
138. Keckeis H., Kamler E., Bauer-Nemeschkal E. & Schneeweiss K. (2001) Survival, development and food energy partitioning of nase larvae and early juveniles at different temperatures. Journal of Fish Biology 59, 45-61.
139. Keinänen M., Tigerstedt C., Kalax P. & Vuorinen P.J. (2003) Fertilization and embryonic development of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus lavaretus) in acidic low-ionic-strength water with aluminum. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 55, 314-329.
140. Kestemont P., Mélard C., Fiogbé E., Valnonou R. & Masson G. (1996) Nutritional and animal husbandry aspects of rearing early life stages of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 12, 157-165.
141. Kestemont P., Jourdan S., Houbart M., Mélard C., Paspatis M., Fontaine P., Cuvier A., Kentouri M. & Baras E. (2003) Size heterogeneity, cannibalism and competition in cultured predatory fish larvae: Biotic and abiotic influences. Aquaculture 227, 333-356.
142. Kjørsvik E., Mangor-Jensen A. & Holmefjord I. (1990) Egg quality in fishes. Advances in Marine Biology 26, 71-113.
143. Kjørsvik E., Hoehne-Reitan K. & Reitan K.I. (2003) Egg and larval quality criteria as predictive measures for juvenile production in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Aquaculture 227, 9-20.
144. Koldras M. & Mejza T. (1983) Effects of quantity and quality of carp sperm on egg fertilization success. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 13, 83-92.
145. Korzelecka A., Bonislawska M. & Winnicki A. (1998) Structure, size and spatial distribution of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) egg components during incubation. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities 1, 1-17.
146. Kováč V. & Copp G.H. (1999) Prelude: looking at early development in fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 56, 7-14.
147. Kozaric Z., Kuzir S., Petrinec Z., Gjurcevic E. & Bozic M. (2008) The development of the digestive tract in larval European catfish (Silurus glanis L.). Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 37, 141-146.
148. Kozlowski J. & Poczyczynski P. (1999) The effect of light and stocking density on the results of rearing of European catfish (Silurus glanis L.) larvae. Archives of Polish Fisheries 7, 297-306.
149. Krejszeff S., Kucharczyk D., Kupren K., Targonska K., Mamcarz A., Kujawa R., Kaszkowski Z. & Ratajski S. (2008) Reproduction of chub, Leuciscus cephalus L., under controlled conditions. Aquaculture Research 39, 907-912.
150. Krise W.F. & Meade J.W. (1986) Review of the intensive culture of Walleye Fry. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 48, 81-89.
151. Krupka I. (1988) Early development of the barbel Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758). Prace Ústavu Rybárstva a Hydrobiologie, Bratislava 6, 115-138.
152. Krupka I. & Meszaros J. (1993) Reproduction artificielle du barbeau fluviatile, Barbus barbus (L.). Cahiers d'Ethologie 13, 167-168.
153. Krzemieniewski M., Teodorowicz M., Debowski M. & Pesta J. (2004) Effect of a constant magnetic field on water quality and rearing of European sheatfish Silurus glanis L. larvae. Aquaculture Research 35, 568-573.
154. Kucharczyk D., Mamcarz A., Kujawa R. & Skrzypczak A. (1997) Development of cannibalism in larval nothern pike, Esox lucius (Esocidae). Italian Journal of Zoology 65, 261-263.
155. Kucharczyk D., Luczynski M., Kujawa R., Kaminski R., Ulikowski D. & Brzuzan P. (1998) Influences of temperature and food on early development of bream (Abramis brama L.). Archives für Hydrobiologie 141, 243-256.
156. Kucharczyk D., Kujawa R., Mamcarz A., Targonska-Dietrich K., Wyszomirska E., Glogowski J. & Szabo T. (2005) Induced spawning in bream (Abramis brama L.) using pellets containing GnRH. Czech Journal of Animal Sciences 50, 89-95.
157. Kujawa R., Mamcarz A. & Kucharczyk D. (2007) Postembryonic development stages of asp Aspius aspius (L.). Polish Journal of Natural Sciences 22, 239-245.
158. Kujawa R., Kucharczyk D. & Mamcarz A. (2010) The effect of tannin concentration and egg unsticking time on the hatching success of tench Tinca tinca (L.) larvae. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 20, 339-343.
159. Kunz Y.W. (2004) Developmental Biology of Teleost Fishes. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
160. Kupren K., Mamcarz A., Kucharczyk D., Prusiñska M. & Krejszeff S. (2008) Influence of water temperature on eggs Incubation time and embryonic development of fish from genus Leuciscus. Polish Journal of Natural Science 23, 461-481.
161. Lahnsteiner F., Urbanyi B., Horvath A. & Weismann T. (2001) Bio-markers for egg quality determination in cyprinid fishes. Aquaculture 195, 331-352.
162. Langdon C. (2003) Microparticle types for delivering nutrients to marine fish larvae. Aquaculture 227, 259-275.
163. Laurel B.J., Hurst T.P., Copeman L.A. & Davis M.W. (2008) The role of temperature on the growth and survival of early and late hatching Pacific cod larvae (Gadus macrocephalus). Journal of Plankton Research 30, 1051-1060.
164. Laurila S. & Holopainen I.J. (1990) Features of embryonic and larval development of crucian carp, Carassius carassius (L.) with a note on species identification. Annales Zoologici Fennici 27, 361-367.
165. Lazard J. & Levêque C. (2009) Introductions and transfers of fresh water fish species. Cahiers d'Agriculture 18, 157-163 [in French].
166. Leach S.D. & Houde E.D. (1999) Effects of environmental factors on survival, growth, and production of American shad larvae. Journal of Fish Biology 54, 767-786.
167. Lee C.-S. (2003) Biotechnological advances in finfish hatchery production: a review. Aquaculture 227, 439-458.
168. Legendre M., Linhart O. & Billard R. (1996) Spawning and management of gametes, fertilized eggs and embryos in Siluroidei. Aquatic Living Resources 9, 59-80.
169. Leguen I., Véron V., Sevellec C., Azam D., Sabatié R., Prunet P. & Bagliniere J.L. (2007) Development of hypoosmoregulatory ability in allis shad Alosa alosa. Journal of Fish biology 70, 630-637.
170. Lemieux H., Le François N.R. & Blier P.U. (2003) The early ontogeny of digestive and metabolic enzyme activities in two commercial strains of artic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). Journal of Experimental Zoology 299, 151-160.
171. Li S. & Mathias J.A. (1982) Causes of high mortality among cultured larval walleyes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 111, 710-721.
172. Limburg K.E. & Ross R.M. (1995) Growth and mortality rates of larval American shad, Alosa sapidissima, at different salinities. Estuaries 18, 335-340.
173. Linhart O., Gela D., Flajshans M., Duda P., Rodina M. & Novak V. (2000) Alcalase enzyme treatment for elimination of egg stickiness in tench, Tinca tinca L. Aquaculture 191, 303-308.
174. Linhart O., Stech L., Svarc J., Rodina M., Audebert J.P., Grecu J. & Billard R. (2002) The culture of European catfish, Silurus glanis, in the Czech Republic and in France. Aquatic Living Resources 15, 139-144.
175. Linhart O., Gela D., Flajshans M. & Rodina M. (2003) Proteolytic enzyme treatment: an improved method for egg stickiness in tench, Tinca tinca L., in aquaculture. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 19, 134-137.
176. Linhart O., Rodina M., Gela D., Flajshans M. & Kocour M. (2003) Enzyme treatment for elimination of egg stickiness in tench (Tinca Tinca L.), European catfish (Silurus glanis L.) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 28, 507-508.
177. Linhart O., Rodina M., Gela D., Kocour M. & Rodriguez M. (2003c) Improvement of common carp artificial reproduction using enzyme for elimination of egg stickiness. Aquatic Living Resources 16, 450-456.
178. Linhart O., Gela D., Rodina M. & Kocour M. (2004) Optimization of artificial propagation in European catfish, Silurus glanis L. Aquaculture 235, 619-632.
179. Linhart O., Rodina M., Flajshans M., Gela D. & Kocour M. (2005) Cryopreservation of European catfish Silurus glanis sperm: sperm motility, viability, and hatching success of embryos. Cryobiology 51, 250-261.
180. Lizardo-Daudt H.M. & Kennedy C. (2008) Effects of cadmium chloride on the development of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss early life stages. Journal of Fish Biology 73, 702-718.
181. Lønning S., Kjørsvik E. & Falk-Petersen I.-B. (1988) A comparative study of pelagic and demersal eggs from common marine fishes in northern Norway. Sarsia 73, 49-60.
182. Lubzens E., Young G., Bobe J. & Cerdà J. (2010) Oogenesis in teleosts: how fish eggs are formed. General and Comparative Endocrinology 165, 367-389.
183. Luczynski M. & Kirklewska A. (1984) Dependence of Coregonus albula embryogenesis rate on the incubation temperature. Aquaculture 42, 43-55.
184. Luczynski M., Majkowski P., Bardega R. & Dabrowski K. (1986) Rearing of larvae of four coregonid species using dry and live food. Aquaculture 56, 179-185.
185. MacIntosh K.E. & Duston J. (2007) Effect of light intensity and eye development on prey capture by larval striped bass Morone saxatilis. Journal of Fish Biology 71, 725-736.
186. Manchester S.J. & Bullock J.M. (2000) The impacts of non-native species on UK biodiversity and the effectiveness of control. Journal of Applied Ecology 37, 845-864.
187. Mandiki S.N.M., Babiak I., Krol J., Rasolo J.F.R. & Kestemont P. (2007) How intial predator-prey ratio affects intra-cohort cannibalism and growth in Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L. larvae and juveniles under controlled conditions. Aquaculture 268, 149-155.
188. Mansour N., Lahnsteiner F. & Patzner R. (2009) Physiological and biochemical investigations on egg stickiness in common carp. Animal Reproduction Science 114, 256-268.
189. Martell D.J., Kieffer J.D. & Trippel E.A. (2006) Effects of the embryonic thermal environment on haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) developmental trajectories through exogenous feeding stages. Marine Biology 149, 177-187.
190. Martin-Robichaud D.J. & Peterson R.H. (1998) Effects of light intensity, tank colour and photoperiod on swimbladder inflation success in larval striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research 29, 539-547.
191. Mélard C., Baras E., Mary L. & Kestemont P. (1996) Relationships between stocking density, growth, cannibalism and survival rate in intensively cultured larvae and juveniles of perch (Perca fluviatilis). Annales Zoologici Fennici 33, 643-651.
192. Migaud H., Wang N., Gardeur J.-N. & Fontaine P. (2004) Influence of photoperiod on reproductive performances in Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis. Aquaculture 252, 385-393.
193. Miller T.J., Crowder L.B., Rice J.A. & Marschall E.A. (1988) Larval size and recruitment mechanisms in fishes: toward a conceptual framework. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, 1657-1670.
194. Mirza R.S., Chivers D.P. & Godin J.-G.J. (2001) Brook charr alevins alter timing of nest emergence in response to chemical cues from fish predators. Journal of Chemical Ecology 27, 1775-1786.
195. Moodie G.E.E., Loadman N.L., Wiegand M.D. & Mathias J.A. (1989) Influence of egg characteristics on survival, growth and feeding in larval walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, 515-521.
196. Mooij W.M. (1989) A key to the identification of larval bream, Abramis brama, white bream, Blicca bjoerkna, and roach, Rutilus rutilus. Journal of Fish Biology 34, 111-118.
197. Muir J. (2005) Managing to harvest? Perspectives on the potential of aquaculture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, 191-218.
198. Naylor R.L., Goldburg R.J., Primavera J.H., Kautsky N., Beveridge M.C.M., Clay J., Folke C., Lubchenco J., Mooney H. & Troell M. (2000) Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature 405, 1097-1024.
199. Ninness M.M., Don Stevens E. & Wright P.A. (2006) Removal of the chorion before hatching results in increased movement and accelerated growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos. The Journal of Experimental Zoology 209, 1874-1882.
200. Nzau Matondo B.N., Ovidio M., Poncin P., Kakesa T.A., Wamuini L.S. & Philippart J.C. (2007) Hybridization success of three common European cyprinid species, Rutilus rutilus, Blicca bjoerkna and Abramis brama and larval resistance to stress tests. Fisheries Science 73, 1137-1146.
201. Olsen E.M. & Vollestad L.A. (2001) Within-stream variation in early life-history traits in brown trout. Journal of Fish Biology 59, 1579-1588.
202. Opuszynski K., Shireman J.V., Aldridge F.J. & Rottmann R. (1985) Intensive culture of grass carp and hybrid grass carp larvae. Journal of Fish Biology 26, 563-573.
203. Osswald J., Carvalho A.P., Claro J. & Vasconcelos V. (2009) Effects of cyanobacterial extracts containing anatoxin-a and of pure anatoxin-a on early developmental stages of carp. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 72, 473-478.
204. Ostaszewska T. (2002) The sequential differentiation and formation of hepatic and pancreatic structures in Asp (Aspius aspius) larvae. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities 5, 1-8.
205. Ostaszewska T. (2005) Developmental changes of digestive system structures in pike-perch (Sander lucioperca L.). Electronic Journal of Ichthyology 2, 65-78.
206. Ostaszewska T., Boruta A. & Olejniczak M. (2005) The effect of dietary lipid level and composition on growth, survival, and development of the digestive system of larval sneep, Chondrostoma nasus (L.). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 35, 79-86.
207. Ostaszewska T., Dabrowski K., Hliwa P. & Kwasek K. (2008) Nutritional regulation of intestine morphology in larval cyprinid fish, silver bream (Vimba vimba). Aquaculture Research 39, 1268-1278.
208. Palikova M. & Krejci R. (2006) Artificial stripping and embryonic development of the common gudgeon (Gobio gobio L.) and its use in embryo-larval tests - a pilot study. Czech Journal of Animal Sciences 51, 174-180.
209. Paull G.C., Lange A., Henshaw A.C. & Tyler C.R. (2008) Ontogeny of sexual development in the roach (Rutilus rutilus) and its interrelationships with growth and age. Journal of Morphology 269, 884-895.
210. Pauly D. & Pullin R.S.V. (1988) Hatching time in spherical, pelagic, marine fish eggs in response to temperature and egg size. Environmental Biology of Fish 22, 261-271.
211. Pedersen B.H. (2004) Fertilisation of eggs, rate of embryonic development and hatching following induced maturation of the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Aquaculture 237, 461-473.
212. Peňáz M. (1968) Development of chub, Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the posthatching period. Zoologické Listy 17, 269-278.
213. Peňáz M. (1974) Early development of the nase carp, Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758). Zoologicke Listy 23, 275-288.
214. Peňáz M. (1975) Early development of the grayling Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758). Acta Scientarum Naturalium Academiae Scientiarum Bohemicae Brno 9, 1-35.
215. Peňáz M. (1983) Ecomorphological laws and saltation in early ontogeny of Salmonoidei. Folia Zoologica 32, 365-373.
216. Peňáz M. (2001) A general framework of fish ontogeny: a review of the ongoing debate. Folia Zoologica 50, 241-256.
217. Peňáz M. & Gajdusek J. (1979) Early development of bream, Abramis brama, from the water reservoir Mostiste, Czechoslovakia. Folia Zoologica 28, 347-360.
218. Peňáz M. & Prokes M. (1978) Reproduction and early development of the gudgeon. I. Spawning and embryonic period. Folia Zoologica 27, 257-267.
219. Peňáz M., Wohlgemuth E., Hamackova J. & Kouril J. (1981) Early ontogeny of the tench, Tinca tinca L. I. Embryonic period. Folia Zoologica 30, 165-176.
220. Peňáz M., Prokes M., Kouril J. & Hamackova J. (1983) Early development of the carp, Cyprinus carpio. Acta Scientarum Naturalium Academiae Scientiarum Bohemicae Brno 17, 1-39.
221. Peňáz M., Prokes M., Kouril J. & Hamackova J. (1989) Influence of water temperature on the early development and growth of tench, Tinca tinca. Folia Zoologica 38, 275-287.
222. Pepin P. (1991) Effect of temperature and size on development, mortality, and survival rates of the pelagic early life history stages of marine fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, 503-518.
223. Perkowski T. & Formicki K. (1997) Effects of constant magnetic fields on respiration of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walb.) embryos. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 27, 41-56.
224. Peters L.E., MacKinnon M., Van Meer T., van den Heuvel M.R. & Dixon D.G. (2007) Effects of oil sands process-affected waters and naphthenic acids on yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and Japanese medaka (Orizias latipes) embryonic development. Chemosphere 67, 2177-2183.
225. Pinder A.C. & Gozlan R.E. (2004) Early ontogeny of sunbleak. Journal of Fish Biology 64, 762-775.
226. Planas M. & Cunha I. (1999) Larviculture of marine fish: problems and perspectives. Aquaculture 177, 171-190.
227. Policar T., Kozak P., Hamackova J., Musil J. & Kouril J. (2007) Effects of short-time Artemia spp. feeding in larvae and different rearing environments in juveniles of common barbel (Barbus barbus) on their growth and survival under intensive controlled conditions. Aquatic Living Resources 20, 175-183.
228. Rach J.J., Valentine J.J., Schreier T.M., Gaikowski M.P. & Crawford T.G. (2004) Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to control saprolegniasis on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) eggs. Aquaculture 238, 135-142.
229. Radenko V.N. & Alimov I.A. (1991) Significance of temperature and light for growth and survival of larvae of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 31, 655-663.
230. Rainuzzo J.R., Reitan K.I. & Olsen Y. (1997) The significance of lipids at early stages of marine fish: a review. Aquaculture 155, 103-115.
231. Riehl R. & Patzner R.A. (1998) Minireview: the modes of egg attachment in teleost fishes. Italian Journal of Zoology 65, 415-420.
232. Roche-Mayzaud O., Mayzaud P. & Audet C. (1998) Changes in lipid classes and trypsin activity during the early development of brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), fry. Aquaculture Research 29, 137-152.
233. Roncarati A., Vicenzi R., Melotti P. & Dees A. (2005) Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacépède): reproduction management and larval rearing in Italy. Italian Journal of Animal Science 4, 586-588.
234. Rösch R. & Appelbaum S. (1985) Experiments on the suitability of dry food for larvae of Coregonus lavaretus. Aquaculture 48, 291-302.
235. Rottmann R.W., Shireman J.V. & Lincoln E.P. (1991) Comparison of three live foods and two dry diets for intensive culture of grass carp and bighead carp larvae. Aquaculture 96, 269-280.
236. Santiago C.B., Gonzal A.C., Ricci M. & Harpaz S. (2003) Response of bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis and Asian catfish Clarias macrocephalus larvae to free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus as alternative feed. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 19, 239-243.
237. Sawanboonchun J., Roy W.J., Robertson D.A. & Bell J.G. (2008) The impact of dietary supplementation with astaxanthin on egg quality in Atlantic cod broodstock (Gadus morhua, L.). Aquaculture 283, 97-101.
238. Schlechtriem C., Ricci M., Focken U. & Becker K. (2004) The suitability of the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus as live food for first-feeding fish larvae. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 20, 161-168.
239. Schlumberger O. & Proteau J.P. (1996) Reproduction of pike-perch (Stizostedion lucioperca) in captivity. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 12, 149-152.
240. Schlumberger O., Proteau J.P. & Albiges C. (1993) Sandre: des efforts encore sur la reproduction et élévage larvaire. Aqua revue 47, 23-46 [in French].
241. Segner H., Rösch R., Schmidt H. & von Poeppinghausen K.J. (1988) Studies on the suitability of commercial dry diets for rearing of larval Coregonus lavaretus from Lake Constance. Aquatic Living Resources 1, 231-238.
242. Shan X., Huang W., Cao L. & Wu Y. (2008) Advances in studies of the effects of starvation on growth and development of fish larvae. Journal of Ocean University of China 7, 319-326.
243. Shields R.J. (2001) Larviculture of marine finfish in Europe. Aquaculture 200, 55-88.
244. Sink T.D. & Lochman R.T. (2008) Effects of dietary lipid source and concentration on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) egg biochemical composition, egg and fry production, and egg and fry quality. Aquaculture 283, 68-76.
245. Smith C. & Reay P. (1991) Cannibalism in teleost fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 1, 41-64.
246. Spurny P., Fiala J. & Mares J. (2004) Intensive rearing of the nase Chondrostoma nasus (L.) larvae using dry starter feeds and natural diet under controlled conditions. Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, 444-449.
247. Summerfelt R.C. (1996) Intensive culture of walleye fry. In: Walleye Culture Manual (ed. by R.C. Summerfelt), pp. 161-185. North Central Regional Aquaculture Center Publications Office, Ames, IA, USA.
248. Suquet M., Divanach P., Hussenot J., Coves D. & Fauvel C. (2009) Marine fish culture of 'new species' farmed in Europe. Cahiers d'Agriculture 18, 148-156.
249. Sysa P., Ostaszewska T. & Olejniczak M. (2006) Development of digestive system and swim bladder of larval nase (Chondrostoma nasus L.). Aquaculture Nutrition 12, 331-339.
250. Szkudlarek M. & Zakes Z. (2007) Effect of stoking density on survival and growth performances of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), larvae under controlled conditions. Aquaculture International 15, 67-81.
251. Szlaminska M. (1982) Preliminary studies on proteolytic activity in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae intestines. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 23, 83-91.
252. Tacon A.G.J. & Metian M. (2008) Global overview on the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: Trends and future prospects. Aquaculture 285, 146-158.
253. Tamazouzt L., Leray C., Escaffre A.M. & Terver D. (1998) Effects of food particle size on Perca fluviatilis larval growth. Aquatic Sciences 60, 89-98.
254. Tamazouzt L., Chatain B. & Fontaine P. (2000) Tank wall colour and light level affect growth and survival of Eurasian perch larvae (Perca fluviatilis L.). Aquaculture 182, 85-90.
255. Taylor W.W. & Freeberg M.H. (1984) Effect of food abundance on larval whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill, growth and survival. Journal of Fish Biology 25, 733-741.
256. Teletchea F. & Fontaine P. (2010) Comparison of early-life stage strategies in temperate freshwater fish species: trade-offs are directed towards first-feeding of larvae in spring and summer. Journal of Fish Biology 77, 257-278.
257. Teletchea F., Fostier A., Le Bail P.-Y., Jalabert B., Gardeur J.-N. & Fontaine P. (2007) STOREFISH: a new database dedicated to the reproduction of temperate freshwater teleost fishes. Cybium 31, 227-235.
258. Teletchea F., Fostier A., Kamler E., Gardeur J.-N., Le Bail P.-Y., Jalabert B. & Fontaine P. (2009) Comparative analysis of reproductive traits in 65 freshwater fish species: application to the domestication of new fish species. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 19, 403-430.
259. Teletchea F., Gardeur J.-N., Kamler E. & Fontaine P. (2009) The relationship of oocyte diameter and incubation temperature to incubation time in temperate freshwater fish species. Journal of Fish Biology 74, 652-668.
260. Thorsen A., Trippel E.A. & Lambert Y. (2003) Experimental methods to monitor the production and quality of eggs of captive marine fish. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Sciences 33, 55-70.
261. Turchini G.M. & De Silva S.S. (2008) Bio-economical and ethical impacts of alien finfish culture in European inland waters. Aquaculture International 16, 243-272.
262. Tyler C.R. & Sumpter J.P. (1996) Oocyte growth and development in teleosts. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 6, 287-318.
263. Urho L. (2002) Characters of larvae - what are they? Folia Zoologica 51, 161-186.
264. Van Damme P., Appelbaum S. & Hecht T. (1989) Sibling cannibalism in Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L. larvae, and juveniles under controlled condition. Journal of Fish Biology 34, 855-863.
265. Vehniäinen E.-R., Häkkinen J.M. & Oikari O.J. (2007) Responses to ultraviolet radiation in larval pike, Esox lucius, of two origins and ages. Boreal Environment Research 12, 673-680.
266. Vetemaa M., Kalda R. & Tambets M. (2008) Success of embryonic development of reciprocal hybrids of bream Abramis brama (L.) and white bream Blicca bjoerkna (L.). Journal of Fish Biology 72, 1787-1791.
267. Wallace J.C. & Aasjord D. (1984) The initial feeding of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.) alevins at different temperatures and under different feeding regimes. Aquaculture 38, 19-33.
268. Ware D.M. (1975) Relation between egg size, growth, and natural mortality of larval fish. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32, 2503-2512.
269. Wedekind C. & Müller R. (2004) The experimental rearing of large salmonid eggs in petri dishes. Functional Ecology 18, 138-140.
270. Wiegand M.D. (1996) Composition, accumulation and utilization of yolk lipids in teleost fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 6, 259-286.
271. Wiegand M.D., Buchanan L.G., Loewen J.M. & Hewitt C.M. (1988) Effects of rearing temperature on development and survival of embryonic and larval goldfish. Aquaculture 71, 209-222.
272. Wiggins T.A., Bender T.R.J., Mudrak V.A. & Coll J.A. (1985) The development, feeding, growth, and survival of cultured American shad larvae through the transition from endogenous to exogenous nutrition. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 47, 87-93.
273. Winnicki A. & Korzelecka A. (1997) Morphomechanical aspects of the development of the bleak (Alburnus alburnus L.). Acta Icthyologica Piscatoria 27, 1-27.
274. Witkowski A. & Kokurewicz B. (1981) The embryonal and post-embryonal development of the Danube salmon Hucho hucho (L.) (pisces Salmonidae). Acta Hydrobiologica 23, 85-94.
275. Wolnicki J. (2005) Intensive rearing of early stages of cyprinid fish under controlled conditions. Archives of Polish Fisheries 13, 5-87 [in Polish].
276. Wolnicki J. & Gorny W. (1995a) Survival and growth of larval and juvenile barbel (Barbus barbus L.) reared under controlled conditions. Aquaculture 129, 258-259.
277. Wolnicki J. & Gorny W. (1995b) Controlled rearing of ide (Leuciscus idus L.) larvae using live food and dry feed. Aquaculture 129, 255-256.
278. Wolnicki J. & Korwin-Kossakowski M. (1993) Survival and growth of larval juvenile tench, Tinca tinca L., fed different diets under controlled conditions. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 24, 707-713.
279. Wolnicki J. & Myszkowski L. (1998) Growth and survival of larval nase Chondrostoma nasus (L.) fed different diets at two water temperatures. In: Aquaculture and Water: Fish Culture, Shellfish and Water Usage, Special Publication 26 (ed. by H. Grizel & P. Kestemont), pp. 276-277. European Aquaculture Society, Oostende, Belgium.
280. Wolnicki J., Przybyl A. & Starzonek I. (1998) Evaluation of five dry diets for initial feeding of European wels, Silurus glanis L., larvae under controlled conditions. Archives of Polish Fisheries 6, 123-133.
281. Wolnicki J., Kaminski R. & Myszkowski L. (2002) Temperature-influenced growth and survival of burbot Lota lota (L.) larvae fed live food under controlled conditions. Archives of Polish Fisheries 10, 109-113.
282. Wolnicki J., Kaminski R. & Myszkowski L. (2003) Survival, growth, and condition of tench Tinca tinca (L.) larvae fed live food for 12, 18 or 24h a day under controlled conditions. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 19, 146-148.
283. Wolnicki J.W., Sikorska J.S. & Kamiñski R. (2009) Response of larval and juvenile rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) to different diets under controlled conditions. Czech Journal of Animal Science 54, 331-337.
284. Wolska-Neja B. & Neja Z. (2006) Grow-out of northern pike (Esox lucius L.) larvae under controlled conditions. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 36, 105-112.
285. Woynarovich E. (1962) Hatching of carp eggs in zuger-glasses and breeding of carp larvae until and age of 10 days. Bamidegh 14, 38-46.
286. Ylönen O. & Karjalainen J. (2004) Growth and survival of European whitefish larvae under enhanced UV-B irradiance. Journal of Fish biology 65, 869-875.
287. Yúfera M. & Darias M.J. (2007) The onset of exogenous feeding in marine fish larvae. Aquaculture 268, 53-63.
288. Zaytsev A.M. (1986) Embryonic-larval development of grayling, Thymallys thymallus, from Lake Ladoga. Journal of Ichthyology 26, 123-132.
289. Zitzow R.E. & Millard J.L. (1988) Survival and growth of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) larvae fed only formulated dry diets. Aquaculture 69, 105-113.
290. Zydlewski J. & McCormick J.H. (1997) The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the American shad, Alosa sapidissima. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, 182-189.