Tilted fiber bragg gratings: Principle and sensing applications

Photonic Sensors

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 6-30

  Dong, Xiaoyi ^a   Zhang, Hao ^a   Liu, Bo ^a   Miao, Yinping ^b  

^a NANKAI UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b TIANJIN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

Biochemical sensing; Fiber sensor; Interrogation; Mode coupling; Temperature cross sensitivity; Tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG)

Indexed keywords

EID: 79954446135     PISSN: 16749251     EISSN: 21907439     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13320-010-0016-x     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. K. O. Hill, Y. Fujii, D. C. Johnson, and B. S. Kawasaki, "Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides: Application to reflection fiber fabrication," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 647-649, 1978.
2. J. Jung, H. Nam, B. Lee, J. O. Byun, and N. S. Kim, "Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor with controllable sensitivity," Appl. Opt., vol. 38, no. 13, pp. 2752-2754, 1999. (Pubitemid 129306995)
3. Z. C. Zhuo and B. S. Ham, "A temperature-insentive strain sensor using a fiber Bragg grating," Opt. Fiber Technol., vol. 15, no. 5-6, pp. 442-444, 2009.
4. P. K. C. Chan, W. Jin, K. T. Lau, L. M. Zhou, and M. S. Demokan, "Multi-point strain measurement of composite-bonded concrete materials with a RF-band FMCW multiplexed FBG sensor array," Sens. Actuators A: Phys., vol. 87, no. 1-2, pp. 19-25, 2000. (Pubitemid 32067205)
5. H. Ahmad, W. Y. Chong, K. Thambiratnam, M. Z. Zulklifi, P. Poopalan, M. M. M. Thant, and S. W. Harun, "High sensitivity fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor using thin metal diaphragm," IEEE Sens. J., vol. 9. no. 12, pp. 1654-1659, 2009.
6. X. Zeng and Y. Rao, "Simultaneous static strain, temperature and vibration measurement using an integrated FBG/EFPI sensor," Chin. Phys. Lett., vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1617-1619, 2001. (Pubitemid 33724744)
7. G. Meltz, W. W. Morey, and W. H. Glenn, "In-fibre Bragg grating tap," presented at Optical fiber Communication Conference, OFC'90, San Francisco, CA, 1990.
8. M. C. P. Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter, P. Ferdinand, L. Labonte, D. Pagnoux, P. Roy, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, "Tilted fiber Bragg grating photowritten in microstructured optical fiber for improved refractive index measurement," Opt. Express, vol. 14, no. 22, pp. 10359-10370, 2006. (Pubitemid 44706124)
9. L. Brilland, D. Pureur, J. F. Bayron, and E. Delevaque, "Slanted gratings UV-written in photosensitive cladding fibre," Electron. Lett., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 234-236, 1999.
10. J. M. Battiato and R. K. Kostuk, "45°slanted fibre Bragg grating design with prism coupled holographic exposure," Electron. Lett., vol. 38, no. 22, pp. 1323-1324, 2002. (Pubitemid 35313860)
11. P. S. Westbrook, T. A. Strasser, and T. Erdogan, "In-line polarimeter using blazed fiber gratings," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1352-1354, 2000.
12. T. Ergodan and J. E. Sipe, "Tilted fiber phase gratings," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 296-313, 1996. (Pubitemid 126548526)
13. A. Bouzid and M. A. G. Abushagur, "Scattering analysis of slanted fiber gratings," Appl. Opt., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 558-562, 1997. (Pubitemid 127615629)
14. T. Erdogan, "Cladding-mode resonances in shortand long period fiber grating filters," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 1760-1773, 1997. (Pubitemid 127569243)
15. K. S. Lee and T. Erdogan, "Transmissive tilted gratings for LP01-to-LP11 mode coupling," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 11, no. 10, pp.1286-1288, 1999. (Pubitemid 32082744)
16. T. Erdogan and J. E. Sipe, "Radiation-mode coupling loss in tilted fiber phase gratings," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, no. 18, pp.1838-1840, 1995.
17. Y. Li, M. Froggatt and T. Erdogan, "Volume current method for analysis of tilted fiber gratings," IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1580-1591, 2001. (Pubitemid 33048273)
18. R. B. Walker, S. J. Mihailov, P. Lu, and D. Grobnic, "Shaping the radiation field of tilted fiber Bragg gratings," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 962-975, 2005.
19. C. Jáuregui and J. M. Lo'pez-Higuera, "Near-field theoretical model of radiation from a uniform-tilted fiber Bragg grating," Microw. Opt. Technol Lett., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 124-127, 2003.
20. Y. Li and T. G. Brown, "Radiation modes and tilted fiber gratings," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1544-1555, 2006. (Pubitemid 44574922)
21. R. Kashyap, R. Wyatt, and R. J. Campbell, "Wideband gain flattened erbium fiber amplifier using a photosensitive fiber blazed grating," Electron. Lett., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 154-156, 1993. (Pubitemid 23610035)
22. R. Kashyap, R. Wyatt, and P. F. Mckee, "Wavelength flattened saturated erbium amplifier using multiple side-tip Bragg gratings," Electron. Lett., vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 1025-1026, 1993.
23. E. Kerrinckx, A. Hidayat, P. Niay, Y. Quiquempois, M. Douay, I. Riant, and C. D. Barros, "Suppression of discrete cladding mode resonances in fiber slanted Bragg gratings for gain equalisation," Opt. Express, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1388-1394, 2006. (Pubitemid 43270799)
24. C. W. Haggans, H. Singh, W. F. Varner, Y. Li, and M. Zippin, "Narrow-band rejection filters with negligible back reflection using tilted photoinduced gratings in single-mode fibers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 690-692, 1998.
25. Y. Liu, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, "Fabricating fibre edge filters with arbitrary spectral response based on tilted chirped grating structures," Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. L1-L3, 1999.
26. G. Nemova, J. Chauve, and R. Kashyap, "Design of sidetap fiber Bragg grating filters," Opt. Commun., vol. 259, no. 2, pp. 649-654, 2006. (Pubitemid 43172249)
27. R. S. Westbrook, K. S. Feder, P. I. Reyes, P. Steinvurzel, B. J. Eggleton, R. G. Ernst, L. A. Reith, and D. M. Gill, "Application of fibre Bragg grating filter/tap module to a wavelength-locked low-chirp directly-modulated 10 GB/s RZ transmitter," presented at Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Anaheim, CA, March 17-22, 2002.
28. H. S. Park, S. H. Yun, I. K. Hwang, S. B. Lee, and B. Y. Kim, "All-fibre add-drop wavelength-division multiplexer based on intermodal coupling," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 460-462, 2001. (Pubitemid 32508602)
29. K. W. Gaff, F. Ladouceur, and J. D. Love, "Two-wavelength planar add/drop WDM filter employing a three-mode coupling Bragg grating," Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 13, pp. 1142-1144, 2000.
30. E. Marin, R. Ghosh, J. P. Meunier, X. Daxhelet, and S. Lacoix, "Bragg gratings in 2× 2 symmetric fused fibre couplers: influence of the tilt on the wavelength response," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1434-1436, 1999. (Pubitemid 32082690)
31. K. Zhou, X. Chen, A. G. Simpson, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, "High extinction ratio in-fiber polarizer based on 45°tilted fiber Bragg gratings," Opt. Lett., vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1285-1287, 2005. (Pubitemid 40818541)
32. S. J. Mihailov, R. B. Walker, T. J. Stocki, and D. C. Johnson, "Fabrication of tilted fiber-grating polarisation-dependent loss equaliser," Electron. Lett., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 284-286, 2001. (Pubitemid 32271321)
33. P. I. D. C. Reyes and P. S. Westbrook, "Tunable PDL of twisted-tilted fiber gratings," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 828-830, 2003.
34. R. Suo, X. Chen, K. Zhou, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, "In-fibre directional transverse loading sensor based on excessively tilted fibre Bragg gratings," Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 034015, 2009.
35. C. Caucheteur, S. Bette, C. Chen, M. Wuilpart, P. Megret, and J. Albert, "Tilted fiber Bragg grating refractometer using polarization-dependent loss measurement," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 20, no. 24, pp. 2153-2155, 2008.
36. C. Caucheteur, C. Chen, J. Albert, and P. Mégret, "Use of weakly tilted fiber Bragg gratings for sensing purpose," presented at Optical Sensors 2008, Strasbourg, France, Apr. 7-10, 2008.
37. C. Chen, C. Caucheteur, P. Mégret, and J. Albert, "The sensitivity characteristics of tilted fiber Bragg grating sensors with different cladding thickness," Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 3117-3122, 2007. (Pubitemid 350202728)
38. T. Guo, A. Ivanov, C. Chen, and J. Albert, "Temperature-independent tilted fiber grating vibration sensor based on cladding-core recoupling," Opt. Lett., vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1004-1006, 2008.
39. C. Chen and J. Albert, "Strain-optic coefficients of individual cladding modes of single mode fiber: theory and experiment," Electron. Lett., vol. 42, no. 18, pp. 1027-1028, 2006. (Pubitemid 44306780)
40. S. Baek, Y. Jeong, and B. Lee, "Characteristics of short-period blazed fibre Bragg gratings for use as macro-bending sensors," Appl. Opt., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 631-636, 2002. (Pubitemid 34636186)
41. th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, Bruges, Belguim, May 23-27, 2005.
42. G. Laffont and P. Ferdinand, "Sensitivity of slanted fibre Bragg gratings to external refractive index higher than that of silica," Electron. Lett., vol. 7 no. 5, pp. 289-291, 2001.
43. C. Zhao, X. Yang, M. S. Demokan, and W. Jin, "Simultaneous temperature and refractive index measurements using a 3°slanted multimode fiber Bragg grating," IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 879-883, 2006. (Pubitemid 46489076)
44. K. Zhou, L. Zhang, X. Chen, and I. Bennion, "Optic sensors of high refractive-index responsivity and low thermal cross sensitivity that use fiber Bragg gratings of >80°tilted structures," Opt. Lett., vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 1193-1195, 2006. (Pubitemid 43901237)
45. C. Cauchedeur and P. Mégret, "Demodulation technique for weakly tilted fiber Bragg grating refractometer," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 2703-2705, 2005. (Pubitemid 41824594)
46. X. Chen, K. Zhou, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, "Optical chemsensor based on etched tilted Bragg grating structures in multimode fiber," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 864-866, 2005. (Pubitemid 40555851)
47. C. Caucheteur, M. Wuilpart, C. Chen, P. Mégret, and J. Albert, "Quasi-distributed refractometer using tilted Bragg gratings and time domain reflectometry," Opt. Express, vol. 16, no. 22, pp. 17882-17890, 2008.
48. K. Zhou, A. G. Simpson, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, "Side detection of strong radiation-mode out-coupling from blazed FBGs in single-mode and multimode fibers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 936-938, 2003.
49. K. Zhou, A. G. Simpson, X. Chen, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, "Fiber Bragg grating sensor interrogation system using a CCD side detection method with superimposed blazed gratings," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1549-1551, 2004.
50. C. Jáuregui, A. Quintela, and J. M. López-Higuera, "Interrogation unit for fiber Bragg grating sensors that uses a slanted fiber grating," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 676-678, 2004.
51. K. S. Feder, P. S. Westbrook, J. Ging P. I. Reyes, and G. E. Carver, "In-fiber spectrometer using tilted fibre gratings," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 933-935, 2003.
52. C. Jáuregui, A. Quintela, and J. M. López-Higuera, "Interrogation unit for fiber Bragg grating sensors that uses a slanted fibre grating," Opt. Lett., vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 676-678, 2004.
53. M. C. P. Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter, P. Ferdinand, L. Labonte, D. Pagnoux, P. Roy, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, "Tilted fiber Bragg grating photowritten in microstructured optical fiber for improved refractive index measurement," Opt. Express, vol. 14, no. 22, pp. 10359-10370, 2006. (Pubitemid 44706124)
54. E. Chechura, R. P. Murphy, S. W. James, and R. P. Tatam, "Tilted fibre Bragg gratings with nano-structured overlays," presented at Optical Fiber Sensors, Cancún, Mexico, Oct. 23-27, 2006.
55. S. Maguis, G. Laffont, P. Ferdinand, B. Carbonnier, K. Kham, T. Mekhalif, and M. C. Millot, "Biofunctionalized tilted fiber Bragg gratings for label-free immunosensing," Opt. Express, vol. 16, no. 23, pp. 19049-19062, 2008.
56. Y. Yanina, Y. Shevchenko, and J. Albert, "Plasmon resonances in gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg gratings," Opt. Lett., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 211-213, 2007. (Pubitemid 46339947)
57. T. Allsop, R. Neal, S. Rehman, D. J. Webb, D. Mapps, and I. Bennion, "Characterization of infrared surface plasmon resonances generated from a fiber-optical sensor utilizing tilted Bragg gratings," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 481-490, 2008.
58. Y. Miao, B. Liu, and Q. Zhao, "Refractive index sensor based on measuring the transmission power of tilted fiber Bragg grating," Opt. Fiber Technol., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 223-236, 2009.
59. Y. Miao, B. Liu, S. Tian, and Q. Zhao, "Temperature-insensitive refractive index sensor based on tilted fiber Bragg grating," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 479-483, 2009.
60. Y. Miao, B. Liu, H. Zhang, Y. Li, H. Zhou, H. Sun, W. Zhang, and Q. Zhao, "Relative humidity sensor based on tilted Bragg grating with polyvinyl alcohol coating," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 441-443, 2009.
61. th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, Edinburgh, UK, Oct. 5-9, 2009.
62. C. Chen, L. Xiong, A. Jafari, and J. Albert, "Differential sensitivity characteristics of tilted fiber Bragg grating sensors," presented at Fiber Optic Sensor Technology and Applications IV, Boston, MA, Oct. 24-26, 2005.
63. L. G. Goyal, R. I. Gallawa, and A. K. Ghatak, "Bent planar waveguides and whispering gallery modes: a new method of analysis," J. Lightwave. Technol. Lett., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 768-773, 1990.
64. A. Kumar, R. L. Galawa, and I. G. Goyal, "Modal characteristics of bent dual mode planar optical waveguides," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 621-624, 1994.
65. U. L. Block, V. Dangui, M. J. F. Digonnet, and M. M. Fejer, "Origin of apparent resonances mode splitting in bent long-period fiber gratings," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 1027-1034, 2006.
66. rd Asia-Pacific Optical Fiber Sensors Conference, Guangzhou, China, Jun. 28-30, 2010.
67. Y. Miao, B. Liu, and Q. Zhao, "Simultaneously measurement of strain and temperature using single tilted fibre Bragg grating," Electron. Lett., vol. 44, no. 21, pp. 1242-1243, 2008.
68. Y. Miao, B. Liu, Q. Zhao, S. Tian, and H. Sun, "Simultaneous measurement of bending-curvature and temperature using single tilted fiber Bragg grating," Chin. J. Lasers, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 2388-2392, 2009(in Chinese).
69. Y. Miao, B. Liu, W. Zhang, and Q. Zhao, "Research on fiber sensor demodulation technique using tilted fiber Bragg gratings," presented at Proceeding of SPIE, Hangzhou, China, Oct. 27-30, 2008.
70. Y. Miao, B. Liu, W. Zhang, B. Dong, H. Zhou, and Q. Zhao, "Dynamic temperature compensating interrogation technique for strain sensors with tilted fiber Bragg gratings," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 20, no. 16, pp. 1393-1395, 2008.