메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 166, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 35-43

The carotenoid conundrum: Improved nutrition boosts plasma carotenoid levels but not immune benefits of carotenoid supplementation

Author keywords

Condition; Honest signaling; Immuno ecology; Plumage coloration

Indexed keywords

CAROTENOID; PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ; XANTHOPHYLL;

EID: 79954426059     PISSN: 00298549     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-1921-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 34948902827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids, immune response and the expression of sexual ornaments in male greenfinches (Carduelischloris)
    • Aguilera E, Amat JA (2007) Carotenoids, immune response and the expression of sexual ornaments in male greenfinches (Carduelischloris). Naturwissenschaften 94: 895-902.
    • (2007) Naturwissenschaften , vol.94 , pp. 895-902
    • Aguilera, E.1    Amat, J.A.2
  • 2
    • 8744279195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental test of the dose-dependent effect of carotenoids and immune activation on sexual signals and antioxidant activity
    • Alonso-Alvarez C et al (2004) An experimental test of the dose-dependent effect of carotenoids and immune activation on sexual signals and antioxidant activity. Am Nat 164: 651-659.
    • (2004) Am Nat , vol.164 , pp. 651-659
    • Alonso-Alvarez, C.1
  • 4
    • 33745671284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary lutein influences immune response in laying hens
    • Bedecarrats GY, Leeson S (2006) Dietary lutein influences immune response in laying hens. J Appl Poult Res 15: 183-189.
    • (2006) J Appl Poult Res , vol.15 , pp. 183-189
    • Bedecarrats, G.Y.1    Leeson, S.2
  • 5
    • 0027893048 scopus 로고
    • Biological functions of dietary carotenoids
    • Bendich A (1993) Biological functions of dietary carotenoids. Ann N Y Acad Sci 691: 61-67.
    • (1993) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.691 , pp. 61-67
    • Bendich, A.1
  • 6
    • 66149121482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of PHA-induced immune response and plasma carotenoids in birds: should we have a closer look?
    • Biard C, Hardy C, Motreuil S, Moreau J (2009) Dynamics of PHA-induced immune response and plasma carotenoids in birds: should we have a closer look? J Exp Biol 212: 1336-1343.
    • (2009) J Exp Biol , vol.212 , pp. 1336-1343
    • Biard, C.1    Hardy, C.2    Motreuil, S.3    Moreau, J.4
  • 7
    • 0037418844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid modulation of immune function and sexual attractiveness in zebra finches
    • Blount JD, Metcalfe NB, Birkhead TR, Surai PF (2003) Carotenoid modulation of immune function and sexual attractiveness in zebra finches. Science 300: 125-127.
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 125-127
    • Blount, J.D.1    Metcalfe, N.B.2    Birkhead, T.R.3    Surai, P.F.4
  • 8
    • 51549087743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life history trade-offs are influenced by the diversity, availability and interactions of dietary antioxidants
    • Catoni C, Peters A, Schaefer HM (2008a) Life history trade-offs are influenced by the diversity, availability and interactions of dietary antioxidants. Anim Behav 76: 1107-1119.
    • (2008) Anim Behav , vol.76 , pp. 1107-1119
    • Catoni, C.1    Peters, A.2    Schaefer, H.M.3
  • 9
    • 47249133811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fruit for health: the effect of flavonoids on humoral immune response and food selection in a frugivorous bird
    • Catoni C, Schaefer HM, Peters A (2008b) Fruit for health: the effect of flavonoids on humoral immune response and food selection in a frugivorous bird. Funct Ecol 22: 649-654.
    • (2008) Funct Ecol , vol.22 , pp. 649-654
    • Catoni, C.1    Schaefer, H.M.2    Peters, A.3
  • 10
    • 77955396939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in colour: a comparison of structural, melanin- and carotenoid-based colours in birds
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011582
    • Delhey K, Burger C, Fiedler W, Peters A (2010a) Seasonal changes in colour: a comparison of structural, melanin- and carotenoid-based colours in birds. PLoS ONE 5(7): e11582. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0011582.
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5 , Issue.7
    • Delhey, K.1    Burger, C.2    Fiedler, W.3    Peters, A.4
  • 11
    • 77952650324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The carotenoid-continuum: carotenoid-based plumage ranges from conspicuous to cryptic and back again
    • Delhey K, Roberts ML, Peters A (2010b) The carotenoid-continuum: carotenoid-based plumage ranges from conspicuous to cryptic and back again. BMC Ecology 10: 13. http://www. biomedcentral. com/1472-6785/10/13.
    • (2010) BMC Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 13
    • Delhey, K.1    Roberts, M.L.2    Peters, A.3
  • 12
    • 64049088882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental pollution affects the plumage color of great tit nestlings through carotenoid availability
    • Eeva T et al (2008) Environmental pollution affects the plumage color of great tit nestlings through carotenoid availability. Ecohealth 5: 328-337.
    • (2008) Ecohealth , vol.5 , pp. 328-337
    • Eeva, T.1
  • 13
    • 70349522146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of diet quality and quantity on plumage colour and growth of great tit Parusmajor nestlings: a food manipulation experiment along a pollution gradient
    • Eeva T, Sillanpaa S, Salminen JP (2009) The effects of diet quality and quantity on plumage colour and growth of great tit Parusmajor nestlings: a food manipulation experiment along a pollution gradient. J Avian Biol 40: 491-499.
    • (2009) J Avian Biol , vol.40 , pp. 491-499
    • Eeva, T.1    Sillanpaa, S.2    Salminen, J.P.3
  • 14
    • 16844386088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The energetic cost of humoral immunity in the collared dove, Streptopeliadecaocto: is the magnitude sufficient to force energy-based trade-offs?
    • Eraud C, Duriez O, Chastel O, Faivre B (2005) The energetic cost of humoral immunity in the collared dove, Streptopeliadecaocto: is the magnitude sufficient to force energy-based trade-offs? Funct Ecol 19: 110-118.
    • (2005) Funct Ecol , vol.19 , pp. 110-118
    • Eraud, C.1    Duriez, O.2    Chastel, O.3    Faivre, B.4
  • 15
    • 36348939851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental stress affects the expression of a carotenoid-based sexual trait in male zebra finches
    • Eraud C, Devevey G, Gaillard M, Prost J, Sorci G, Faivre B (2007) Environmental stress affects the expression of a carotenoid-based sexual trait in male zebra finches. J Exp Biol 210: 3571-3578.
    • (2007) J Exp Biol , vol.210 , pp. 3571-3578
    • Eraud, C.1    Devevey, G.2    Gaillard, M.3    Prost, J.4    Sorci, G.5    Faivre, B.6
  • 16
    • 0141726869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid-based colour expression is determined early in nestling life
    • Fitze PS, Tschirren B, Richner H (2003) Carotenoid-based colour expression is determined early in nestling life. Oecologia 137: 148-152.
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.137 , pp. 148-152
    • Fitze, P.S.1    Tschirren, B.2    Richner, H.3
  • 17
    • 33846201300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid-based plumage colors and immune function: is there a trade-off for rare carotenoids?
    • Fitze PS, Tschirren B, Gasparini J, Richner H (2007) Carotenoid-based plumage colors and immune function: is there a trade-off for rare carotenoids? Am Nat 169: S137-S144.
    • (2007) Am Nat , vol.169
    • Fitze, P.S.1    Tschirren, B.2    Gasparini, J.3    Richner, H.4
  • 19
    • 33845366595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of an immune challenge and terminal investment in a long-lived bird
    • Hanssen SA (2006) Costs of an immune challenge and terminal investment in a long-lived bird. Ecology 87: 2440-2446.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 2440-2446
    • Hanssen, S.A.1
  • 20
    • 2342618188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of immunity: immune responsiveness reduces survival in a vertebrate
    • Hanssen SA, Hasselquist D, Folstad I, Erikstad KE (2004) Costs of immunity: immune responsiveness reduces survival in a vertebrate. Proc R Soc Lond B 271: 925-930.
    • (2004) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.271 , pp. 925-930
    • Hanssen, S.A.1    Hasselquist, D.2    Folstad, I.3    Erikstad, K.E.4
  • 21
    • 0034508737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetic constraints on expression of carotenoid-based plumage coloration
    • Hill GE (2000) Energetic constraints on expression of carotenoid-based plumage coloration. J Avian Biol 31: 559-566.
    • (2000) J Avian Biol , vol.31 , pp. 559-566
    • Hill, G.E.1
  • 22
    • 33745848022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental regulation of ornamental coloration
    • In: Hill GE, McGraw K (eds), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Hill GE (2006) Environmental regulation of ornamental coloration. In: Hill GE, McGraw K (eds) Bird coloration. Mechanisms and measurements, vol 1. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 507-560.
    • (2006) Bird coloration. Mechanisms and measurements , vol.1 , pp. 507-560
    • Hill, G.E.1
  • 23
    • 0028574442 scopus 로고
    • Plumage colour signals nutritional condition in the house finch
    • Hill GE, Montgomerie R (1994) Plumage colour signals nutritional condition in the house finch. Proc R Soc Lond B 258: 47-52.
    • (1994) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.258 , pp. 47-52
    • Hill, G.E.1    Montgomerie, R.2
  • 24
    • 33845235211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant protection, carotenoids and the costs of immune challenge in greenfinches
    • Hõrak P, Zilmer M, Saks L, Ots I, Karu U, Zilmer K (2006) Antioxidant protection, carotenoids and the costs of immune challenge in greenfinches. J Exp Biol 209: 4329-4338.
    • (2006) J Exp Biol , vol.209 , pp. 4329-4338
    • Hõrak, P.1    Zilmer, M.2    Saks, L.3    Ots, I.4    Karu, U.5    Zilmer, K.6
  • 25
    • 34948889261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do dietary antioxidants alleviate the cost of immune activation? an experiment with greenfinches
    • Hõrak P, Saks L, Zilmer M, Karu U, Zilmer K (2007) Do dietary antioxidants alleviate the cost of immune activation? an experiment with greenfinches. Am Nat 170: 625-635.
    • (2007) Am Nat , vol.170 , pp. 625-635
    • Hõrak, P.1    Saks, L.2    Zilmer, M.3    Karu, U.4    Zilmer, K.5
  • 27
    • 37349016167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress does not influence carotenoid mobilization and plumage pigmentation
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1474
    • Isaksson C, Andersson S (2008) Oxidative stress does not influence carotenoid mobilization and plumage pigmentation. Proc R Soc Lond B 275: 309-314. doi: 10. 1098/rspb. 2007. 1474.
    • (2008) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.275 , pp. 309-314
    • Isaksson, C.1    Andersson, S.2
  • 28
    • 33745700832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental effects on carotenoid-based plumage coloration in nestling great tits, Parusmajor
    • Isaksson C, Uller T, Andersson S (2006) Parental effects on carotenoid-based plumage coloration in nestling great tits, Parusmajor. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 60: 556-562.
    • (2006) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.60 , pp. 556-562
    • Isaksson, C.1    Uller, T.2    Andersson, S.3
  • 29
    • 35448954032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual, seasonal, and environmental variation in plasma carotenoids in great tits, Parusmajor
    • Isaksson C, Von Post M, Andersson S (2007) Sexual, seasonal, and environmental variation in plasma carotenoids in great tits, Parusmajor. Biol J Linn Soc 92: 521-527.
    • (2007) Biol J Linn Soc , vol.92 , pp. 521-527
    • Isaksson, C.1    von Post, M.2    Andersson, S.3
  • 30
    • 56649106268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex and age differences in reflectance and biochemistry of carotenoid-based colour variation in the great tit Parusmajor
    • Isaksson C, Ornborg J, Prager M, Andersson S (2008) Sex and age differences in reflectance and biochemistry of carotenoid-based colour variation in the great tit Parusmajor. Biol J Linn Soc 95: 758-765.
    • (2008) Biol J Linn Soc , vol.95 , pp. 758-765
    • Isaksson, C.1    Ornborg, J.2    Prager, M.3    Andersson, S.4
  • 31
    • 33947582414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal and dietary carotenoids interactively affect cutaneous basophil responses in growing chickens (Gallusgallusdomesticus)
    • Koutsos EA, Lopez JCG, Klasing KC (2007) Maternal and dietary carotenoids interactively affect cutaneous basophil responses in growing chickens (Gallusgallusdomesticus). Comp Biochem Physiol B 147: 87-92.
    • (2007) Comp Biochem Physiol B , vol.147 , pp. 87-92
    • Koutsos, E.A.1    Lopez, J.C.G.2    Klasing, K.C.3
  • 32
    • 45449091527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental manipulation of testosterone and condition during molt affects activity and vocalizations of male blue tits
    • doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.03.011
    • Kurvers RHJM, Roberts ML, McWilliams SR, Peters A (2008) Experimental manipulation of testosterone and condition during molt affects activity and vocalizations of male blue tits. Horm Behav 54: 263-269. doi: 10. 1016/j. yhbeh. 2008. 03. 011.
    • (2008) Horm Behav , vol.54 , pp. 263-269
    • Kurvers, R.H.J.M.1    Roberts, M.L.2    McWilliams, S.R.3    Peters, A.4
  • 33
    • 0028042629 scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids, parasites, and sexual selection
    • Lozano GA (1994) Carotenoids, parasites, and sexual selection. Oikos 70: 309-311.
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.70 , pp. 309-311
    • Lozano, G.A.1
  • 34
    • 0345269844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term fasting affects locomotor activity, corticosterone, and corticosterone binding globulin in a migratory songbird
    • Lynn SE, Breuner CW, Wingfield JC (2003) Short-term fasting affects locomotor activity, corticosterone, and corticosterone binding globulin in a migratory songbird. Horm Behav 43: 150-157.
    • (2003) Horm Behav , vol.43 , pp. 150-157
    • Lynn, S.E.1    Breuner, C.W.2    Wingfield, J.C.3
  • 35
    • 33646584149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytohemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in birds: histological support for a classic immunoecological technique
    • Martin LB, Han P, Lewittes J, Kuhlman JR, Klasing KC, Wikelski M (2006) Phytohemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in birds: histological support for a classic immunoecological technique. Funct Ecol 20: 290-299.
    • (2006) Funct Ecol , vol.20 , pp. 290-299
    • Martin, L.B.1    Han, P.2    Lewittes, J.3    Kuhlman, J.R.4    Klasing, K.C.5    Wikelski, M.6
  • 36
    • 33750171851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of carotenoid-based coloration
    • In: Hill GE, McGraw K (eds), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
    • McGraw KJ (2006) Mechanics of carotenoid-based coloration. In: Hill GE, McGraw K (eds) Bird coloration. Mechanisms and measurements, vol 1. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 177-242.
    • (2006) Bird coloration. Mechanisms and measurements , vol.1 , pp. 177-242
    • McGraw, K.J.1
  • 37
    • 0043278861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids, immunocompetence, and the information content of sexual colors: an experimental test
    • McGraw KJ, Ardia DR (2003) Carotenoids, immunocompetence, and the information content of sexual colors: an experimental test. Am Nat 162: 704-712.
    • (2003) Am Nat , vol.162 , pp. 704-712
    • McGraw, K.J.1    Ardia, D.R.2
  • 38
    • 15244347048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in carotenoid status and immune performance in zebra finches
    • McGraw KJ, Ardia DR (2005) Sex differences in carotenoid status and immune performance in zebra finches. Evol Ecol Res 7: 251-262.
    • (2005) Evol Ecol Res , vol.7 , pp. 251-262
    • McGraw, K.J.1    Ardia, D.R.2
  • 39
    • 29144498029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel lipoprotein-mediated mechanism controlling sexual attractiveness in a colorful songbird
    • McGraw KJ, Parker RS (2006) A novel lipoprotein-mediated mechanism controlling sexual attractiveness in a colorful songbird. Physiol Behav 87: 103-108.
    • (2006) Physiol Behav , vol.87 , pp. 103-108
    • McGraw, K.J.1    Parker, R.S.2
  • 40
    • 13844277047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiological costs of being colourful: nutritional control of carotenoid utilization in the American goldfinch, Carduelistristis
    • McGraw KJ, Hill GE, Parker RS (2005) The physiological costs of being colourful: nutritional control of carotenoid utilization in the American goldfinch, Carduelistristis. Anim Behav 69: 653-660.
    • (2005) Anim Behav , vol.69 , pp. 653-660
    • McGraw, K.J.1    Hill, G.E.2    Parker, R.S.3
  • 41
    • 33751255664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary carotenoid supplementation on food intake and immune function in a songbird with no carotenoid coloration
    • McGraw KJ, Crino OL, Medina-Jerez W, Nolan PM (2006) Effect of dietary carotenoid supplementation on food intake and immune function in a songbird with no carotenoid coloration. Ethology 112: 1209-1216.
    • (2006) Ethology , vol.112 , pp. 1209-1216
    • McGraw, K.J.1    Crino, O.L.2    Medina-Jerez, W.3    Nolan, P.M.4
  • 42
    • 0001159426 scopus 로고
    • Semi-synthetic diets as a tool for nutritional ecology
    • Murphy ME, King JR (1982) Semi-synthetic diets as a tool for nutritional ecology. Auk 99: 165-167.
    • (1982) Auk , vol.99 , pp. 165-167
    • Murphy, M.E.1    King, J.R.2
  • 43
    • 1642424253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary carotenoid pigments and immune function in a songbird with extensive carotenoid-based plumage coloration
    • Navara KJ, Hill GE (2003) Dietary carotenoid pigments and immune function in a songbird with extensive carotenoid-based plumage coloration. Behav Ecol 14: 909-916.
    • (2003) Behav Ecol , vol.14 , pp. 909-916
    • Navara, K.J.1    Hill, G.E.2
  • 44
    • 0031764270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costly sexual signals: are carotenoids rare, risky or required?
    • Olson VA, Owens IPF (1998) Costly sexual signals: are carotenoids rare, risky or required? Trends Ecol Evol 13: 510-514.
    • (1998) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.13 , pp. 510-514
    • Olson, V.A.1    Owens, I.P.F.2
  • 45
    • 70349524976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids in evolutionary ecology: re-evaluating the antioxidant role
    • Perez-Rodriguez L (2009) Carotenoids in evolutionary ecology: re-evaluating the antioxidant role. Bioessays 31: 1116-1126.
    • (2009) Bioessays , vol.31 , pp. 1116-1126
    • Perez-Rodriguez, L.1
  • 46
    • 47949131231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-mediated immune activation rapidly decreases plasma carotenoids but does not affect oxidative stress in red-legged partridges (Alectorisrufa)
    • Perez-Rodriguez L, Mougeot F, Alonso-Alvarez C, Blas J, Vinuela J, Bortolotti GR (2008) Cell-mediated immune activation rapidly decreases plasma carotenoids but does not affect oxidative stress in red-legged partridges (Alectorisrufa). J Exp Biol 211: 2155-2161.
    • (2008) J Exp Biol , vol.211 , pp. 2155-2161
    • Perez-Rodriguez, L.1    Mougeot, F.2    Alonso-Alvarez, C.3    Blas, J.4    Vinuela, J.5    Bortolotti, G.R.6
  • 47
    • 0034616488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone treatment is immunosuppressive in superb fairy-wrens, yet free-living males with high testosterone are more immunocompetent
    • Peters A (2000) Testosterone treatment is immunosuppressive in superb fairy-wrens, yet free-living males with high testosterone are more immunocompetent. Proc R Soc Lond B 267: 883-889.
    • (2000) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.267 , pp. 883-889
    • Peters, A.1
  • 48
    • 34248575011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone and carotenoids: an integrated view of trade-offs between immunity and sexual signalling
    • doi:10.1002/bies.20563
    • Peters A (2007) Testosterone and carotenoids: an integrated view of trade-offs between immunity and sexual signalling. Bioessays 29: 130-427. doi: 10. 1002/bies. 20563.
    • (2007) Bioessays , vol.29 , pp. 130-427
    • Peters, A.1
  • 49
    • 3342881893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trade-offs between immune investment and sexual signaling in male mallards
    • Peters A, Delhey K, Denk AG, Kempenaers B (2004) Trade-offs between immune investment and sexual signaling in male mallards. Am Nat 164: 51-59.
    • (2004) Am Nat , vol.164 , pp. 51-59
    • Peters, A.1    Delhey, K.2    Denk, A.G.3    Kempenaers, B.4
  • 50
    • 79954423640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No evidence for general condition-dependence of structural plumage colour in blue tits: an experiment
    • In press
    • Peters A, Kurvers RHJM, Roberts ML, Delhey K (2011) No evidence for general condition-dependence of structural plumage colour in blue tits: an experiment. J Evol Biol (in press).
    • (2011) J Evol Biol
    • Peters, A.1    Kurvers, R.H.J.M.2    Roberts, M.L.3    Delhey, K.4
  • 51
    • 66749178305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is testosterone immunosuppressive in a condition-dependent manner? an experimental test in blue tits
    • doi:10.1242/jeb.031047
    • Roberts M, Peters A (2009) Is testosterone immunosuppressive in a condition-dependent manner? an experimental test in blue tits. J Exp Biol 212: 1811-1818. doi: 10. 1242/jeb. 031047.
    • (2009) J Exp Biol , vol.212 , pp. 1811-1818
    • Roberts, M.1    Peters, A.2
  • 52
    • 0042853406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How feather colour reflects its carotenoid content
    • Saks L, McGraw KJ, Hõrak P (2003) How feather colour reflects its carotenoid content. Funct Ecol 17: 555-561.
    • (2003) Funct Ecol , vol.17 , pp. 555-561
    • Saks, L.1    McGraw, K.J.2    Hõrak, P.3
  • 53
    • 33845704383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid and protein supplementation have differential effects on pheasant ornamentation and immunity
    • Smith HG, Råberg L, Ohlsson T, Granbom M, Hasselquist D (2007) Carotenoid and protein supplementation have differential effects on pheasant ornamentation and immunity. J Evol Biol 20: 310-319.
    • (2007) J Evol Biol , vol.20 , pp. 310-319
    • Smith, H.G.1    Råberg, L.2    Ohlsson, T.3    Granbom, M.4    Hasselquist, D.5
  • 54
    • 33947708831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of primary antibody responses to sheep red blood cells in birds: a literature review and new data from great tits and European starlings
    • Snoeijs T, Eens M, van den Steen E, Pinxten R (2007) Kinetics of primary antibody responses to sheep red blood cells in birds: a literature review and new data from great tits and European starlings. Anim Biol 57: 79-95.
    • (2007) Anim Biol , vol.57 , pp. 79-95
    • Snoeijs, T.1    Eens, M.2    van den Steen, E.3    Pinxten, R.4
  • 55
    • 0037232529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proximate mechanisms of variation in the carotenoid-based plumage coloration of nestling great tits (Parus major L.)
    • Tschirren B, Fitze PS, Richner H (2003) Proximate mechanisms of variation in the carotenoid-based plumage coloration of nestling great tits (Parus major L.). J Evol Biol 16: 91-100.
    • (2003) J Evol Biol , vol.16 , pp. 91-100
    • Tschirren, B.1    Fitze, P.S.2    Richner, H.3
  • 56
    • 0032745777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological functions of carotenoids: diversity and evolution
    • Vershinin A (1999) Biological functions of carotenoids: diversity and evolution. Biofactors 10: 99-104.
    • (1999) Biofactors , vol.10 , pp. 99-104
    • Vershinin, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.