Unconventional low-cost fabrication and patterning techniques for point of care diagnostics

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 1313-1327

  Sharma, Himanshu ^a   Nguyen, Diep ^a   Chen, Aaron ^a   Lew, Valerie ^a   Khine, Michelle ^a  

^a University of California at Irvine   (United States)

Author keywords

Immunoassay; Lab on a chip; Microfabrication; Nanofabrication; Point of care; Surface plasmon resonance

Indexed keywords

ASSAY DEVELOPMENT; BIOLOGICAL ASSAYS; CAPITAL EQUIPMENTS; COST CONSTRAINTS; COST SAVING; HIGH RESOLUTION; IMMUNOASSAY; LAB ON A CHIP; LAB ON CHIP; LOW COST FABRICATION; NANOFABRICATION; NEW APPROACHES; PATTERNING TECHNIQUES; POINT OF CARE; POINT OF CARE DIAGNOSTIC; PROTOTYPING;

ASSAYS; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; COSTS; IMMUNOLOGY; MICROANALYSIS; MICROFABRICATION; MICROMACHINING; PLASMONS; RAPID PROTOTYPING; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE;

INNOVATION;

DIMETICONE; NANOMATERIAL;

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; GENETIC PROCEDURES; HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM; HUMAN; LAB ON A CHIP; METHODOLOGY; MICROFLUIDIC ANALYSIS; MICROTECHNOLOGY; NANOTECHNOLOGY; REVIEW;

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING; BIOSENSING TECHNIQUES; DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANES; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HUMANS; LAB-ON-A-CHIP DEVICES; MICROFLUIDIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; MICROTECHNOLOGY; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; POINT-OF-CARE SYSTEMS;

EID: 79954414628     PISSN: 00906964     EISSN: 15739686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0213-1     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. K Abe K Kotera K Suzuki D Citterio 2010 Inkjet-printed paperfluidic immuno-chemical sensing device Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 398 2 885 893 20652543 10.1007/s00216-010-4011-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXptV2ltLc%3D
2. K Abe K Suzuki D Citterio 2008 Inkjet-printed microfluidic multianalyte chemical sensing paper Anal. Chem. 80 18 6928 6934 18698798 10.1021/ac800604v 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpslentrc%3D
3. N Aroonrerk A Suksamrarn K Kirtikara 2007 A sensitive direct ELISA for detection of prostaglandin E2 J. Immunoassay Immunochem. 28 4 319 330 17885886 10.1080/15321810701603450 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVGktbjN (Pubitemid 47450893)
4. A Arora G Simone GB Salieb-Beugelaar JT Kim A Manz 2010 Latest developments in micro total analysis systems Anal. Chem. 82 12 4830 4847 20462185 10.1021/ac100969k 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXlvFyrsbc%3D
5. G Arrabito B Pignataro 2010 Inkjet printing methodologies for drug screening Anal. Chem. 82 8 3104 3107 20329750 10.1021/ac100169w 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjslamt7o%3D
6. I Barbulovic-Nad M Lucente Y Sun M Zhang AR Wheeler M Bussmann 2006 Bio-microarray fabrication techniques-a review Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 26 4 237 259 17095434 10.1080/07388550600978358 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlCjtb%2FL (Pubitemid 44729815)
7. K Barton S Mishra KA Shorter A Alleyne P Ferreira J Rogers 2010 A desktop electrohydrodynamic jet printing system Mechatronics 20 5 611 616 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2010.05.004
8. A Baserga M ViganoÌ CS Casari S Turri A Li Bassi M Levi CE Bottani 2008 Au-Ag template stripped pattern for scanning probe investigations of DNA arrays produced by dip pen nanolithography Langmuir 24 22 13212 13217 18950214 10.1021/la801903u 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlSqtbjE
9. T Betancourt L Brannon-Peppas 2006 Micro- and nanofabrication methods in nanotechnological medical and pharmaceutical devices Int. J. Nanomedicine 1 4 483 495 17722281 10.2147/nano.2006.1.4.483 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjs1Wiur8%3D
10. A Bhattacharyya C Klapperich 2007 Design and testing of a disposable microfluidic chemiluminescent immunoassay for disease biomarkers in human serum samples Biomed. Microdevices 9 2 245 251 17165125 10.1007/s10544-006-9026-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjslOmsr8%3D (Pubitemid 46554132)
11. Bhushan, B.; and S. Matsui. Three-Dimensional Nanostructure Fabrication by Focused Ion Beam Chemical Vapor Deposition. Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 211-229, 2010.
12. Borenstein, J. T.; E. J. Weinberg, B. K. Orrick, C. Sundback, M. R. Kaazempur-Mofrad, and J. P. Vacanti. Microfabrication of three-dimensional engineered scaffolds. Tissue Eng. 13(8):1837-1844, 2007. (Pubitemid 47293985)
13. DA Bruzewicz M Reches GM Whitesides 2008 Low-cost printing of poly(dimethylsiloxane) barriers to define microchannels in paper Anal. Chem. 80 9 3387 3392 18333627 10.1021/ac702605a 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjtVCqt7g%3D (Pubitemid 351620725)
14. DD Carlo LY Wu LP Lee 2006 Dynamic single cell culture array Lab Chip 6 11 1445 1449 17066168 10.1039/b605937f (Pubitemid 44656865)
15. E Carrilho AW Martinez GM Whitesides 2009 Understanding wax printing: a simple micropatterning process for paper-based microfluidics Anal. Chem. 81 16 7091 7095 20337388 10.1021/ac901071p 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXosFOjsbw%3D
16. CS Chen DN Breslauer JI Luna A Grimes WC Chin LP Lee M Khine 2008 Shrinky-Dink microfluidics: 3D polystyrene chips Lab Chip 8 4 622 624 18369519 10.1039/b719029h 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjslyktrg%3D (Pubitemid 351442775)
17. X Chen DC Chang C Liu 2008 On-line cell lysis and DNA extraction on a microfluidic biochip fabricated by microelectromechanical system technology Electrophoresis 29 1844 1851 18393339 10.1002/elps.200700551 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXntFWgs7k%3D (Pubitemid 351663880)
18. CM Cheng AW Martinez J Gong CR Mace ST Phillips E Carrilho KA Mirica GM Whitesides 2010 Paper-based ELISA Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 49 28 4771 4774 20512830 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXotVCgtb8%3D
19. YK Cheung BM Gillette M Zhong S Ramcharan SK Sia 2007 Direct patterning of composite biocompatible microstructures using microfluidics Lab Chip 7 5 574 579 17476375 10.1039/b700869d 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkvVWku7Y%3D (Pubitemid 46699216)
20. Chin, C. D. Biotechnology for global health: solutions for the developing world. Consilience - J. Sustain. Develop. (1):1-12, 2008.
21. CD Chin V Linder SK Sia 2007 Lab-on-a-chip devices for global health: past studies and future opportunities Lab Chip 7 1 41 57 17180204 10.1039/b611455e 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlalurfJ (Pubitemid 46016024)
22. JH Choi R Ganesan DK Kim CH Jung IT Hwang YC Nho JM Yun JB Kim 2009 Patterned immobilization of biomolecules by using ion irradiation-induced graft polymerization J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem. 47 22 6124 6134 10.1002/pola.23655 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1OhtbrN
23. T Chován A Guttman 2002 Microfabricated devices in biotechnology and biochemical processing Trends Biotechnol. 20 3 116 122 11841863 10.1016/S0167-7799(02)01905-4 (Pubitemid 34158984)
24. WKT Coltro DP de Jesus JAF da Silva CL do Lago E Carrilho 2010 Toner and paper-based fabrication techniques for microfluidic applications Electrophoresis 31 15 2487 2498 20665911 10.1002/elps.201000063 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXptlGgtrc%3D
25. MJ de Boer RW Tjerkstra JW Berenschot HV Jansen GJ Burger JGE Gardeniers M Elwenspoek A van den Berg 2000 Micromachining of buried micro channels in silicon J. Microelectromech. Syst. 9 1 94 103 10.1109/84.825783 (Pubitemid 30581706)
26. PS Dittrich A Manz 2006 Lab-on-a-chip: microfluidics in drug discovery Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov. 5 3 210 218 16518374 10.1038/nrd1985 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhvFOlsrw%3D (Pubitemid 43336034)
27. E Engvall P Perlmann 1971 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantitative assay of immunoglobulin G Immunochemistry 8 9 871 874 5135623 10.1016/0019-2791(71)90454-X 1:CAS:528:DyaE38XpslOhuw%3D%3D
28. KA Erickson P Wilding 1993 Evaluation of a novel point-of-care system, the i-STAT portable clinical analyzer Clin. Chem. 39 283 287 8432019 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhsVartr0%3D (Pubitemid 23069688)
29. M Focke D Kosse C Muller H Reinecke R Zengerle F von Stetten 2010 Lab-on-a-foil: microfluidics on thin and flexible films Lab Chip 10 11 1365 1386 20369211 10.1039/c001195a 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmtFOit7k%3D
30. CC Fu A Grimes M Long CGL Ferri BD Rich S Ghosh LP Lee A Gopinathan M Khine 2009 Tunable nanowrinkles on shape memory polymer sheets Adv. Mater. 21 44 4472 4476 10.1002/adma.200902294 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFSmsr7J
31. CC Fu G Ossato M Long M Digman LP Lee E Gratton M Khine 2010 Bimetallic nanopetals for thousand-fold fluorescence enhancements Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 20 203101-1 203101-3 10.1063/1.3495773
32. HW Gao JC Yang JY Lin AD Stuparu MH Lee M Mrksich TW Odom 2010 Using the angle-dependent resonances of molded plasmonic crystals to improve the sensitivities of biosensors Nano Lett. 10 7 2549 2554 20509678 10.1021/nl101165r 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmvVSlu70%3D
33. M Geissler E Roy GA Diaz-Quijada J-C Galas T Veres 2009 Microfluidic patterning of miniaturized DNA arrays on plastic substrates ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 1 7 1387 1395 20355940 10.1021/am900285g 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXotlOmtbg%3D
34. M Geissler Y Xia 2004 Patterning: principles and some new developments Adv. Mater. 16 15 1249 1269 10.1002/adma.200400835 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXnsFWns70%3D
35. Gratton, S. E. A.; S. S. Williams, M. E. Napier, P. D. Pohlhaus, Z. Zhou, K. B. Wiles, B. W. Maynor, C. Shen, T. Olafsen, E. T. Samulski, et al. The pursuit of a scalable nanofabrication platform for use in material and life science applications. Acc. Chem. Res. 41(12):1685-1695, 2008.
36. A Grimes DN Breslauer M Long J Pegan LP Lee M Khine 2008 Shrinky-Dink microfluidics: rapid generation of deep and rounded patterns Lab Chip 8 1 170 172 18094775 10.1039/b711622e 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVeltLfL (Pubitemid 350294122)
37. Handali, S.; M. Klarman, A. N. Gaspard, X. F. Dong, R. LaBorde, J. Noh, Y.-M. Lee, S. Rodriguez, A. E. Gonzalez, H. H. Garcia, et al. Development and evaluation of a magnetic immunochromatographic test to detect Taenia solium, which causes taeniasis and neurocysticercosis in humans. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 17(4):631-637, 2010.
38. CL Hansen S Classen JM Berger SR Quake 2006 A microfluidic device for kinetic optimization of protein crystallization and in situ structure determination J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 10 3142 3143 16522084 10.1021/ja0576637 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlOqs7k%3D
39. M Heckele W Bacher KD Müller 1998 Hot embossing - The molding technique for plastic microstructures Microsyst. Technol. 4 3 122 124 10.1007/s005420050112 (Pubitemid 128529381)
40. M Heckele WK Schomburg 2004 Review on micro molding of thermoplastic polymers J. Micromech. Microeng. 14 3 R1 R14 10.1088/0960-1317/14/3/R01 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjvVGgsb8%3D
41. M Hegner P Wagner G Semenza 1993 Ultralarge atomically flat template-stripped Au surfaces for scanning probe microscopy Surf. Sci. 291 1-2 39 46 10.1016/0039-6028(93)91474-4 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXltVeqsL8%3D
42. J Henzie MH Lee TW Odom 2007 Multiscale patterning of plasmonic metamaterials Nat. Nano. 2 9 549 554 10.1038/nnano.2007.252 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXpvVOksLo%3D (Pubitemid 47367541)
43. PC Hidber PF Nealey W Helbig GM Whitesides 1996 New strategy for controlling the size and shape of metallic features formed by electroless deposition of copper: microcontact printing of catalysts on oriented polymers, followed by thermal shrinkage Langmuir 12 21 5209 5215 10.1021/la960238u 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlvVSisL0%3D (Pubitemid 126536522)
44. A Hierlemann O Brand C Hagleitner H Baltes 2003 Microfabrication techniques for chemical/biosensors Proc. IEEE 91 6 839 863 10.1109/JPROC.2003. 813583 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXls12ku70%3D (Pubitemid 43772046)
45. F Huo Z Zheng G Zheng LR Giam H Zhang CA Mirkin 2008 Polymer pen lithography Science 321 5896 1658 1660 18703709 10.1126/science.1162193 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFamtr3I
46. A Khademhosseini R Langer J Borenstein JP Vacanti 2006 Microscale technologies for tissue engineering and biology Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 8 2480 2487 16477028 10.1073/pnas.0507681102 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XksF2rsrY%3D
47. M Khine A Lau C Ionescu-Zanetti J Seo LP Lee 2005 A single cell electroporation chip Lab Chip 5 1 38 43 15616738 10.1039/b408352k 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFansL3N (Pubitemid 40139338)
48. T Koerner L Brown R Xie RD Oleschuk 2005 Epoxy resins as stamps for hot embossing of microstructures and microfluidic channels Sens. Actuators B: Chemical 107 2 632 639 10.1016/j.snb.2004.11.035 (Pubitemid 40655003)
49. ML Landry 2009 Developments in immunologic assays for respiratory viruses Clin. Lab. Med. 29 4 635 647 19892225 10.1016/j.cll.2009.07.003
50. D-S Lee SH Park H Yang K-H Chung TH Yoon S-J Kim K Kim YT Kim 2004 Bulk-micromachined submicroliter-volume PCR chip with very rapid thermal response and low power consumption Lab Chip 4 4 401 407 15269812 10.1039/b313547k 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlvVKnu7c%3D (Pubitemid 39150246)
51. D-S Lee M-H Wu U Ramesh C-W Lin T-M Lee P-H Chen 2004 A novel real-time PCR machine with a miniature spectrometer for fluorescence sensing in a micro liter volume glass capillary Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 100 3 401 410 10.1016/j.snb.2004.02.012
52. Lee, M. H.; M. D. Huntington, W. Zhou, J.-C. Yang, and T. W. Odom. Programmable soft lithography: solvent-assisted nanoscale embossing. Nano Lett.; 2010.
53. S Lee S-S Bae G Medeiros-Ribeiro JJ Blackstock S Kim DR Stewart R Ragan 2008 Scanning tunneling microscopy of template-stripped Au surfaces and highly ordered self-assembled monolayers Langmuir 24 12 5984 5987 18471004 10.1021/la800265q 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXls1Ohsr0%3D
54. X Li J Tian W Shen 2010 Thread as a versatile material for low-cost microfluidic diagnostics ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2 1 1 6 20356211 10.1021/am9006148 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFektL%2FP
55. Liu, G. L.; Y. Yin, S. Kunchakarra, B. Mukherjee, D. Gerion, S. D. Jett, D. G. Bear, J. W. Gray, A. P. Alivisatos, L. P. Lee, L. P. et al. A nanoplasmonic molecular ruler for measuring nuclease activity and DNA footprinting. Nat. Nano 1(1):47-52, 2006.
56. Y Liu D Yang T Yu X Jiang 2009 Incorporation of electrospun nanofibrous PVDF membranes into a microfluidic chip assembled by PDMS and scotch tape for immunoassays Electrophoresis 30 18 3269 3275 19722208 10.1002/elps.200900128 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFGqsLnM
57. H Lu MA Schmidt KF Jensen 2005 A microfluidic electroporation device for cell lysis Lab Chip 5 1 23 29 15616736 10.1039/b406205a 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXhtFansLzL (Pubitemid 40139336)
58. Y Lu W Shi L Jiang J Qin B Lin 2009 Rapid prototyping of paper-based microfluidics with wax for low-cost, portable bioassay Electrophoresis 30 9 1497 1500 19340829 10.1002/elps.200800563 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlslGhu7s%3D
59. Y Lu W Shi J Qin B Lin 2009 Fabrication and characterization of paper-based microfluidics prepared in nitrocellulose membrane by wax printing Anal. Chem. 82 1 329 335 10.1021/ac9020193
60. Y Luo F Yu RN Zare 2008 Microfluidic device for immunoassays based on surface plasmon resonance imaging Lab Chip 8 5 694 700 18432338 10.1039/b800606g 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXltVKjsLk%3D (Pubitemid 351585470)
61. KP Lyashchenko M Singh R Colangeli ML Gennaro 2000 A multi-antigen print immunoassay for the development of serological diagnosis of infectious diseases J. Immunol. Methods 242 1-2 91 100 10986392 10.1016/S0022-1759(00)00241-6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtlGks74%3D
62. AW Martinez ST Phillips MJ Butte GM Whitesides 2007 Patterned paper as a platform for inexpensive, low-volume, portable bioassays Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 46 8 1318 1320 17211899 10.1002/anie.200603817 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXit1als7s%3D (Pubitemid 46981385)
63. AW Martinez ST Phillips Z Nie C-M Cheng E Carrilho BJ Wiley GM Whitesides 2010 Programmable diagnostic devices made from paper and tape Lab Chip 10 19 2499 2504 20672179 10.1039/c0lc00021c 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFWqurjK
64. AW Martinez ST Phillips GM Whitesides 2008 Three-dimensional microfluidic devices fabricated in layered paper and tape Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 50 19606 19611 19064929 10.1073/pnas.0810903105 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsFCltr%2FF
65. JC McDonald DC Duffy JR Anderson DT Chiu H Wu OJ Schueller GM Whitesides 2000 Fabrication of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane) Electrophoresis 21 1 27 40 10634468 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(20000101)21:1<27: :AID-ELPS27>3.0.CO;2-C 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlsFKhtw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30032694)
66. KG McKenzie LK Lafleur BR Lutz P Yager 2009 Rapid protein depletion from complex samples using a bead-based microfluidic device for the point of care Lab Chip 9 24 3543 3548 20024034 10.1039/b913806d 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVOhtbvJ
67. PB Monaghan KM McCarney A Ricketts RE Littleford F Docherty WE Smith D Graham JM Cooper 2007 Bead-based DNA diagnostic assay for chlamydia using nanoparticle-mediated surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering detection within a lab-on-a-chip format Anal. Chem. 79 7 2844 2849 17326610 10.1021/ac061769i 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXitFKktbk%3D (Pubitemid 46595639)
68. R Mukhopadhyay 2007 When PDMS isn't the best Anal. Chem. 79 9 3248 3253 17523228 10.1021/ac071903e 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkvVSit7g%3D
69. MA Nash JM Hoffman DY Stevens AS Hoffman PS Stayton P Yager 2010 Laboratory-scale protein striping system for patterning biomolecules onto paper-based immunochromatographic test strips Lab Chip 10 17 2279 2282 20607151 10.1039/c004991c 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpvFems7c%3D
70. P Nath D Fung YA Kunde A Zeytun B Branch G Goddard 2010 Rapid prototyping of robust and versatile microfluidic components using adhesive transfer tapes Lab Chip 10 17 2286 2291 20593077 10.1039/c002457k 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXpvFemsrg%3D
71. D Nguyen D Taylor K Qian N Norouzi J Rasmussen S Botzet M Lehmann K Halverson M Khine 2010 Better shrinkage than Shrinky-Dinks Lab Chip 10 12 1623 1626 20517559 10.1039/c001082k 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmslCqtro%3D
72. Z Nie E Kumacheva 2008 Patterning surfaces with functional polymers Nat. Mater. 7 4 277 290 18354414 10.1038/nmat2109 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjsFOgt7k%3D (Pubitemid 351430891)
73. L Novak P Neuzil J Pipper Y Zhang S Lee 2007 An integrated fluorescence detection system for lab-on-a-chip applications Lab Chip 7 1 27 29 17180202 10.1039/b611745g 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlalurfK (Pubitemid 44974593)
74. JU Park JH Lee U Paik Y Lu JA Rogers 2008 Nanoscale patterns of oligonucleotides formed by electrohydrodynamic jet printing with applications in biosensing and nanomaterials assembly Nano Lett. 8 12 4210 4216 19367962 10.1021/nl801832v 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlSqtbfE
75. DT Pham RS Gault 1998 A comparison of rapid prototyping technologies Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 38 10-11 1257 1287 10.1016/S0890-6955(97)00137-5 (Pubitemid 128428197)
76. RD Piner J Zhu F Xu S Hong CA Mirkin 1999 "Dip-Pen" nanolithography Science 283 5402 661 663 9924019 10.1126/science.283.5402.661 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXot1KksA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29074998)
77. M Reches KA Mirica R Dasgupta MD Dickey MJ Butte GM Whitesides 2010 Thread as a matrix for biomedical assays ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2 6 1722 1728 20496913 10.1021/am1002266 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmsVGjsLk%3D
78. O Rötting W Röpke H Becker C Gärtner 2002 Polymer microfabrication technologies Microsyst. Technol. 8 1 32 36 10.1007/s00542-002- 0106-9 (Pubitemid 34555013)
79. SK Sia V Linder BA Parviz A Siegel GM Whitesides 2004 An integrated approach to a portable and low-cost immunoassay for resource-poor settings Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 4 498 502 10.1002/anie.200353016 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXhtVWlu7w%3D (Pubitemid 38168405)
80. K Sollier CA Mandon KA Heyries LJ Blum CA Marquette 2009 "Print-n-Shrink" technology for the rapid production of microfluidic chips and protein microarrays Lab Chip 9 24 3489 3494 20024027 10.1039/b913253h 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVOhtbvO
81. ME Stewart NH Mack V Malyarchuk JANT Soares T-W Lee SK Gray RG Nuzzo JA Rogers 2006 Quantitative multispectral biosensing and 1D imaging using quasi-3D plasmonic crystals Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103 46 17143 17148 17085594 10.1073/pnas.0606216103 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1Kqs73K (Pubitemid 44788936)
82. TN Stewart BE Pierson R Aggarwal RJ Narayan 2009 Piezoelectric inkjet printing of a cross-hatch immunoassay on a disposable nylon membrane Biotechnol. J. 4 2 206 209 19226553 10.1002/biot.200800234 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjtl2ktLc%3D
83. AP Sudarsan J Wang VM Ugaz 2005 Thermoplastic elastomer gels: an advanced substrate for microfluidic chemical analysis systems Anal. Chem. 77 16 5167 5173 16097755 10.1021/ac050448o 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlsFKgsbs%3D
84. D Taylor D Dyer V Lew M Khine 2010 Shrink film patterning by craft cutter: complete plastic chips with high resolution/high-aspect ratio channel Lab Chip 10 18 2472 2475 20680207 10.1039/c004737f 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVKrs7jO
85. J Voldman ML Gray MA Schmidt 1999 Microfabrication in biology and medicine Ann. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 1 1 401 425 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.1.1.401 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnvFyitLs%3D (Pubitemid 129740018)
86. W Wang S Zhao T Pan 2009 Lab-on-a-print: from a single polymer film to three-dimensional integrated microfluidics Lab Chip 9 1133 1137 19350096 10.1039/b816287e 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXkt1Sms7w%3D
87. BJ Wiley D Qin Y Xia 2010 Nanofabrication at high throughput and low cost ACS Nano 4 7 3554 3559 20695512 10.1021/nn101472p 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXptFOrt7o%3D
88. DK Wood DM Weingeist SN Bhatia BP Engelward 2010 Single cell trapping and DNA damage analysis using microwell arrays Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107 22 10008 10013 20534572 10.1073/pnas.1004056107 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnvVSmtbk%3D
89. M Worgull M Heckele 2004 New aspects of simulation in hot embossing Microsyst. Technol. 10 5 432 437 10.1007/BF02637117
90. S Wu SR Park XS Ling 2006 Lithography-free formation of nanopores in plastic membranes using laser heating Nano Lett. 6 11 2571 2576 17090093 10.1021/nl0619498 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFWkt7nP (Pubitemid 46076951)
91. Q Xiang B Xu D Li 2007 Miniature real time PCR on chip with multi-channel fiber optical fluorescence detection module Biomed. Microdevices 9 4 443 449 17265146 10.1007/s10544-007-9048-4 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXnsVCjsrg%3D
92. P Yager GJ Domingo J Gerdes 2008 Point-of-care diagnostics for global health Ann. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 10 107 144 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.10.061807.160524 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVGru7nO
93. P Yager T Edwards E Fu K Helton K Nelson MR Tam BH Weigl 2006 Microfluidic diagnostic technologies for global public health Nature 442 7101 412 418 16871209 10.1038/nature05064 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnsVaju7g%3D (Pubitemid 44264785)
94. JC Yang HW Gao JY Suh W Zhou MH Lee TW Odom 2010 Enhanced optical transmission mediated by localized plasmons in anisotropic, three-dimensional nanohole arrays Nano Lett. 10 8 3173 3178 20698633 10.1021/nl102078j 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXovFegsro%3D
95. J Yao AP Le SK Gray JS Moore JA Rogers RG Nuzzo 2010 Functional nanostructured plasmonic materials Adv. Mater. 22 10 1102 1110 20401934 10.1002/adma.200904097 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjt1Kmt78%3D
96. PK Yuen VN Goral 2010 Low-cost rapid prototyping of flexible microfluidic devices using a desktop digital craft cutter Lab Chip 10 3 384 387 20091012 10.1039/b918089c 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnsFSisA%3D%3D
97. RN Zare S Kim 2010 Microfluidic platforms for single-cell analysis Ann. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 12 187 201 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-070909-105238 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFais7%2FI
98. S Zhao H Cong T Pan 2009 Direct projection on dry-film photoresist (DP2): do-it-yourself three-dimensional polymer microfluidics Lab Chip 9 8 1128 1132 19350095 10.1039/b817925e 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXkt1Sms7g%3D
99. XM Zhao Y Xia D Qin GM Whitesides 1997 Fabrication of polymeric microstructures with high aspect ratios using shrinkable polystyrene films Adv. Mater. 9 3 251 254 10.1002/adma.19970090316 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhslygtbc%3D (Pubitemid 127527614)
100. Z Zheng WL Daniel LR Giam F Huo AJ Senesi G Zheng CA Mirkin 2009 Multiplexed protein arrays enabled by polymer pen lithography: addressing the inking challenge Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 48 41 7626 7629 19731290 10.1002/anie.200902649 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1Sru73J