메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 511-521

Meta-analysis of phenotypic selection on flowering phenology suggests that early flowering plants are favoured

Author keywords

Flowering phenology; Flowering synchrony; Flowering time; Mutualisms; Natural selection; Phenotypic selection

Indexed keywords

ASSESSMENT METHOD; CLIMATE CHANGE; DATA SET; FITNESS; GLOBAL CLIMATE; LATITUDE; LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; LONGEVITY; META-ANALYSIS; NATURAL SELECTION; PHENOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PHYLOGENETICS; PLANT-POLLINATOR INTERACTION; SPECIES DIVERSITY; TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT;

EID: 79953899256     PISSN: 1461023X     EISSN: 14610248     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01601.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (246)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 40449086307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic meta-analysis
    • Adams, D.C. (2008). Phylogenetic meta-analysis. Evolution, 62, 567-572.
    • (2008) Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 567-572
    • Adams, D.C.1
  • 2
    • 33746703828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation: review and synthesis through a meta-analysis
    • Aguilar, R., Ashworth, L., Galetto, L. & Aizen, M.A. (2006). Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation: review and synthesis through a meta-analysis. Ecol. Lett., 9, 968-980.
    • (2006) Ecol. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 968-980
    • Aguilar, R.1    Ashworth, L.2    Galetto, L.3    Aizen, M.A.4
  • 3
    • 0042009541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of Pachycereus (Cactaceae, Pachycereeae) based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences
    • Arias, S., Terrazas, R. & Cameron, K. (2003). Phylogenetic analysis of Pachycereus (Cactaceae, Pachycereeae) based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences. Syst. Bot., 28, 547-557.
    • (2003) Syst. Bot. , vol.28 , pp. 547-557
    • Arias, S.1    Terrazas, R.2    Cameron, K.3
  • 4
    • 0000889350 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive synchrony of a tropical shrub: experimental studies on effects of pollinators and seed predators on Hybanthus prunifolius (Violaceae)
    • Augspurger, C. (1981). Reproductive synchrony of a tropical shrub: experimental studies on effects of pollinators and seed predators on Hybanthus prunifolius (Violaceae). Ecology, 62, 775-788.
    • (1981) Ecology , vol.62 , pp. 775-788
    • Augspurger, C.1
  • 5
    • 0020859809 scopus 로고
    • Phenology, flowering synchrony, and fruit set of six neotropical shrubs
    • Augspurger, C. (1983). Phenology, flowering synchrony, and fruit set of six neotropical shrubs. Biotropica, 15, 257-267.
    • (1983) Biotropica , vol.15 , pp. 257-267
    • Augspurger, C.1
  • 6
    • 0001261373 scopus 로고
    • Plant reproduction in neotropical dry forest
    • (eds Bullock, S.H., Mooney, H.A. & Mediona, E.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • Bullock, S.H. (1995). Plant reproduction in neotropical dry forest. In: Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (eds Bullock, S.H., Mooney, H.A. & Mediona, E.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 277-296.
    • (1995) Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest , pp. 277-296
    • Bullock, S.H.1
  • 7
    • 55949134861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogenetics of Orchidaceae: the first decade of DNA sequencing
    • (eds Cameron, K.N., Arditti, J. & Kull, T.). Botanical Garden Press, New York.
    • Cameron, K.M. (2007). Molecular phylogenetics of Orchidaceae: the first decade of DNA sequencing. In: Orchid Biology: Reviews and Perspectives. (Memoir of the New York Botanical Garden 95) (eds Cameron, K.N., Arditti, J. & Kull, T.). Botanical Garden Press, New York, pp. 163-200.
    • (2007) Orchid Biology: Reviews and Perspectives. (Memoir of the New York Botanical Garden 95) , pp. 163-200
    • Cameron, K.M.1
  • 8
    • 84889398472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, West Sussex.
    • Crawley, M. (2007). The R Book. John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, West Sussex.
    • (2007) The R Book
    • Crawley, M.1
  • 10
    • 14844362157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative importance of salmon body size and arrival time at breeding grounds to reproductive success
    • Dickerson, B.R., Brinck, K.W., Willson, M.F., Bentzen, P. & Quinn, T.P. (2005). Relative importance of salmon body size and arrival time at breeding grounds to reproductive success. Ecology, 86, 347-352.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 347-352
    • Dickerson, B.R.1    Brinck, K.W.2    Willson, M.F.3    Bentzen, P.4    Quinn, T.P.5
  • 11
    • 0028993663 scopus 로고
    • Rainfall and flowering synchrony in a tropical shrub: variable selection on the flowering time of Erythroxylum havanense
    • Domínguez, C.A. & Dirzo, R. (1995). Rainfall and flowering synchrony in a tropical shrub: variable selection on the flowering time of Erythroxylum havanense. Evol. Ecol., 9, 204-216.
    • (1995) Evol. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 204-216
    • Domínguez, C.A.1    Dirzo, R.2
  • 12
    • 0030922816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
    • Egger, M., Smith, D., Schneider, G. & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315, 629-634.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.315 , pp. 629-634
    • Egger, M.1    Smith, D.2    Schneider, G.3    Minder, C.4
  • 13
    • 67650233942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of flowering: opposed selection on different fitness components and trait covariation
    • Ehrlén, J. & Münzbergová, Z. (2009). Timing of flowering: opposed selection on different fitness components and trait covariation. Am. Nat., 173, 819-830.
    • (2009) Am. Nat. , vol.173 , pp. 819-830
    • Ehrlén, J.1    Münzbergová, Z.2
  • 16
    • 0022203256 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenies and the comparative method
    • Felsenstein, J. (1985). Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am. Nat., 125, 1-15.
    • (1985) Am. Nat. , vol.125 , pp. 1-15
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 17
    • 33644781584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogeny of the Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllales) inferred from chloroplast matK and nuclear rDNA ITS sequences
    • Fior, S., Karis, P.O., Casazza, G., Minuto, L. & Sala, F. (2006). Molecular phylogeny of the Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllales) inferred from chloroplast matK and nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. Am. J. Bot., 93, 399-411.
    • (2006) Am. J. Bot. , vol.93 , pp. 399-411
    • Fior, S.1    Karis, P.O.2    Casazza, G.3    Minuto, L.4    Sala, F.5
  • 18
    • 73249116440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of variation in flowering time within and among individuals of Mertensia fusiformis (Boraginaceae), an early spring wildflower
    • Forrest, J. & Thomson, J.D. (2010). Consequences of variation in flowering time within and among individuals of Mertensia fusiformis (Boraginaceae), an early spring wildflower. Am. J. Bot., 97, 38-48.
    • (2010) Am. J. Bot. , vol.97 , pp. 38-48
    • Forrest, J.1    Thomson, J.D.2
  • 19
    • 0002923608 scopus 로고
    • Plant phenology: selection and neutrality
    • Fox, G.A. & Kelly, C.K. (1993). Plant phenology: selection and neutrality. Trends Ecol. Evol., 8, 34-35.
    • (1993) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.8 , pp. 34-35
    • Fox, G.A.1    Kelly, C.K.2
  • 20
    • 0027331261 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic selection on flowering synchrony in a high mountain plant, Hormathophylla Spinosa (Cruciferae)
    • Gómez, J.M. (1993). Phenotypic selection on flowering synchrony in a high mountain plant, Hormathophylla Spinosa (Cruciferae). J. Ecol., 81, 605-613.
    • (1993) J. Ecol. , vol.81 , pp. 605-613
    • Gómez, J.M.1
  • 21
    • 0003237791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phylogeny of the grass family (Poaceae), as inferred from eight character sets
    • GPWG In: (eds Jacobs, S.W.L. & Everett, J.E.). Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Collingwood, Victoria.
    • GPWG (2000). A phylogeny of the grass family (Poaceae), as inferred from eight character sets. In: Grasses: Systematics and Evolution (eds Jacobs, S.W.L. & Everett, J.E.). Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Collingwood, Victoria, pp. 3-7.
    • (2000) Grasses: Systematics and Evolution , pp. 3-7
  • 22
    • 0033040602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical issues in ecological meta-analyses
    • Gurevitch, J. & Hedges, L.V. (1999). Statistical issues in ecological meta-analyses. Ecology, 80, 1142-1149.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 1142-1149
    • Gurevitch, J.1    Hedges, L.V.2
  • 23
    • 67650931572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darwin's beautiful contrivances: evolutionary and functional evidence for floral adaptation
    • Harder, L.D. & Johnson, S.D. (2009). Darwin's beautiful contrivances: evolutionary and functional evidence for floral adaptation. New Phytol., 183, 530-545.
    • (2009) New Phytol. , vol.183 , pp. 530-545
    • Harder, L.D.1    Johnson, S.D.2
  • 26
    • 0036100426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The advantages of early flowering in the spring ephemeral annual plant Floerkea proserpinacoides
    • Houle, G. (2002). The advantages of early flowering in the spring ephemeral annual plant Floerkea proserpinacoides. New Phytol., 154, 689-694.
    • (2002) New Phytol. , vol.154 , pp. 689-694
    • Houle, G.1
  • 27
    • 0002038672 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and character evolution in the Asteraceae based on chloroplast DNA restriction site mapping
    • Jansen, R.K., Michaels, H.J. & Palmer, J.D. (1991). Phylogeny and character evolution in the Asteraceae based on chloroplast DNA restriction site mapping. Syst. Bot., 16, 98-115.
    • (1991) Syst. Bot. , vol.16 , pp. 98-115
    • Jansen, R.K.1    Michaels, H.J.2    Palmer, J.D.3
  • 28
    • 0027803413 scopus 로고
    • Climatic and phylogenetic determinants of flowering seasonality in the Cape flora
    • Johnson, S.D. (1993). Climatic and phylogenetic determinants of flowering seasonality in the Cape flora. J. Ecol., 81, 567-572.
    • (1993) J. Ecol. , vol.81 , pp. 567-572
    • Johnson, S.D.1
  • 29
    • 50249151865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear and cpDNA sequences combined provide strong inference of higher phylogenetic relationships in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae)
    • Johnson, L.A., Chan, L.M., Weese, T.L., Busby, L.D. & McMurry, S. (2008). Nuclear and cpDNA sequences combined provide strong inference of higher phylogenetic relationships in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 48, 997-1012.
    • (2008) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.48 , pp. 997-1012
    • Johnson, L.A.1    Chan, L.M.2    Weese, T.L.3    Busby, L.D.4    McMurry, S.5
  • 30
    • 24344479539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of plants to rapid climatic change
    • Jump, A.S. & Peñuelas, J. (2005). Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of plants to rapid climatic change. Ecol. Lett., 8, 1010-1020.
    • (2005) Ecol. Lett. , vol.8 , pp. 1010-1020
    • Jump, A.S.1    Peñuelas, J.2
  • 31
    • 0034794587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • rbcL and legume phylogeny, with particular reference to Phaseoleae, Millettieae, and allies
    • Kajita, T., Ohashi, H., Tateishi, Y., Bailey, C.D. & Doyle, J.J. (2001). rbcL and legume phylogeny, with particular reference to Phaseoleae, Millettieae, and allies. Syst. Bot., 26, 515-536.
    • (2001) Syst. Bot. , vol.26 , pp. 515-536
    • Kajita, T.1    Ohashi, H.2    Tateishi, Y.3    Bailey, C.D.4    Doyle, J.J.5
  • 32
    • 34547127856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns and power of phenotypic selection in nature
    • Kingsolver, J.G. & Pfennig, D.W. (2007). Patterns and power of phenotypic selection in nature. Bioscience, 57, 561-572.
    • (2007) Bioscience , vol.57 , pp. 561-572
    • Kingsolver, J.G.1    Pfennig, D.W.2
  • 34
    • 0000490182 scopus 로고
    • Constraints and competition in the evolution of flowering phenology
    • Kochmer, J.P. & Handel, S.N. (1986). Constraints and competition in the evolution of flowering phenology. Ecol. Monogr., 56, 303-325.
    • (1986) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.56 , pp. 303-325
    • Kochmer, J.P.1    Handel, S.N.2
  • 35
    • 0030864643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships of Rhododendroideae
    • Kron, K.A. (1997). Phylogenetic relationships of Rhododendroideae. Am. J. Bot., 84, 973-980.
    • (1997) Am. J. Bot. , vol.84 , pp. 973-980
    • Kron, K.A.1
  • 36
    • 0036189110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships within the blueberry tribe (Vaccinieae, Ericaceae) based on sequence data from MATK and nuclear ribosomal ITS regions, with comments on the placement of Satyria
    • Kron, K.A., Powell, E.A. & Luteyn, J.L. (2002). Phylogenetic relationships within the blueberry tribe (Vaccinieae, Ericaceae) based on sequence data from MATK and nuclear ribosomal ITS regions, with comments on the placement of Satyria. Am. J. Bot., 89, 327-336.
    • (2002) Am. J. Bot. , vol.89 , pp. 327-336
    • Kron, K.A.1    Powell, E.A.2    Luteyn, J.L.3
  • 37
    • 44649127641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flowering phenologies of animal-pollinated plants: reproductive strategies and agents of selection
    • (eds Harder, L. & Barret, S.C.H.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
    • Kudo, G. (2006). Flowering phenologies of animal-pollinated plants: reproductive strategies and agents of selection. In: The Ecology and Evolution of Flowers (eds Harder, L. & Barret, S.C.H.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 139-158.
    • (2006) The Ecology and Evolution of Flowers , pp. 139-158
    • Kudo, G.1
  • 38
    • 0022823634 scopus 로고
    • Onset of reproduction in plants: size- versus age-dependency
    • Lacey, E.P. (1986). Onset of reproduction in plants: size- versus age-dependency. Trends Ecol. Evol., 1, 72-75.
    • (1986) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.1 , pp. 72-75
    • Lacey, E.P.1
  • 39
    • 70149098952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis and the comparative phylogenetic method
    • Lajeunesse, M.J. (2009). Meta-analysis and the comparative phylogenetic method. Am. Nat., 174, 369-381.
    • (2009) Am. Nat. , vol.174 , pp. 369-381
    • Lajeunesse, M.J.1
  • 40
    • 0026486577 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal declines in offspring fitness and selection for early reproduction in nymph-overwintering grasshoppers
    • Landa, K. (1992). Seasonal declines in offspring fitness and selection for early reproduction in nymph-overwintering grasshoppers. Evolution, 46, 121-135.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 121-135
    • Landa, K.1
  • 41
    • 0001214721 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of natural selection on correlated characters
    • Lande, R. & Arnold, S.J. (1983). The measurement of natural selection on correlated characters. Evolution, 37, 1201-1226.
    • (1983) Evolution , vol.37 , pp. 1201-1226
    • Lande, R.1    Arnold, S.J.2
  • 42
    • 0024260566 scopus 로고
    • Phenological variation in the neotropical understory shrub Piper arieianum: causes and consequences
    • Marquis, R.J. (1988). Phenological variation in the neotropical understory shrub Piper arieianum: causes and consequences. Ecology, 69, 1552-1565.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 1552-1565
    • Marquis, R.J.1
  • 43
    • 0002571005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in life-history traits: heritability estimates within and genetic differentiation among populations
    • (eds Vuorisalo, T.O. & Mutikainen, P.K.). Kluwer, Dordrecht.
    • Mazer, S.J. & LeBuhn, G. (1999). Genetic variation in life-history traits: heritability estimates within and genetic differentiation among populations. In: Life History Evolution in Plants (eds Vuorisalo, T.O. & Mutikainen, P.K.). Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 85-171.
    • (1999) Life History Evolution in Plants , pp. 85-171
    • Mazer, S.J.1    LeBuhn, G.2
  • 44
    • 0001229277 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the flowering of Thlaspi arvense L. IV. Genetic and ecological differences between early- and late-flowering strains
    • McIntyre, G.I. & Best, K.F. (1978). Studies on the flowering of Thlaspi arvense L. IV. Genetic and ecological differences between early- and late-flowering strains. Bot. Gaz., 139, 190-195.
    • (1978) Bot. Gaz. , vol.139 , pp. 190-195
    • McIntyre, G.I.1    Best, K.F.2
  • 45
    • 0008613330 scopus 로고
    • Phenological variation within a population of Symphoricarpos occidentalis
    • McMillan, C. & Pagel, B.F. (1958). Phenological variation within a population of Symphoricarpos occidentalis. Ecology, 39, 766-770.
    • (1958) Ecology , vol.39 , pp. 766-770
    • McMillan, C.1    Pagel, B.F.2
  • 46
    • 0023477688 scopus 로고
    • Flowering phenology, pollen flow and fruit production in the Andean shrub Befaria resinosa
    • Melampy, M.N. (1987). Flowering phenology, pollen flow and fruit production in the Andean shrub Befaria resinosa. Oecologia, 73, 293-300.
    • (1987) Oecologia , vol.73 , pp. 293-300
    • Melampy, M.N.1
  • 47
    • 42249090568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global warming and flowering times in Thoreau's concord: a community perspective
    • Miller-Rushing, A.J. & Primack, R.B. (2008). Global warming and flowering times in Thoreau's concord: a community perspective. Ecology, 89, 332-341.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 332-341
    • Miller-Rushing, A.J.1    Primack, R.B.2
  • 48
    • 66749093065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of impacts of alien vs. native plants on pollinator visitation and reproductive success of co-flowering native plants
    • Morales, C.L. & Traveset, A. (2010). A meta-analysis of impacts of alien vs. native plants on pollinator visitation and reproductive success of co-flowering native plants. Ecol. Lett., 12, 716-728.
    • (2010) Ecol. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 716-728
    • Morales, C.L.1    Traveset, A.2
  • 49
    • 70349931416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specialization clines in the pollination systems of agaves (Agavaceae) and columnar cacti (Cactaceae): a phylogenetically-controlled meta-analysis
    • Munguía-Rosas, M.A., Sosa, V.J., Ojeda, M.M. & De-Nova, J.A. (2009). Specialization clines in the pollination systems of agaves (Agavaceae) and columnar cacti (Cactaceae): a phylogenetically-controlled meta-analysis. Am. J. Bot., 96, 1887-1895.
    • (2009) Am. J. Bot. , vol.96 , pp. 1887-1895
    • Munguía-Rosas, M.A.1    Sosa, V.J.2    Ojeda, M.M.3    De-Nova, J.A.4
  • 50
    • 0036189278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships in the cactus family (Cactaceae) based on evidence from trnK/matK and trnL-trnF sequences
    • Nyffeler, R. (2002). Phylogenetic relationships in the cactus family (Cactaceae) based on evidence from trnK/matK and trnL-trnF sequences. Am. J. Bot., 89, 312-326.
    • (2002) Am. J. Bot. , vol.89 , pp. 312-326
    • Nyffeler, R.1
  • 51
    • 0032991082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for stabilising selection acting on flowering time in Arum maculatum (Araceae): the influence of phylogeny on adaptation
    • Ollerton, J. & Diaz, A. (1999). Evidence for stabilising selection acting on flowering time in Arum maculatum (Araceae): the influence of phylogeny on adaptation. Oecologia, 119, 340-348.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.119 , pp. 340-348
    • Ollerton, J.1    Diaz, A.2
  • 52
    • 0027070077 scopus 로고
    • Flowering phenology: an example of relaxation of natural selection?
    • Ollerton, J. & Lack, A. (1992). Flowering phenology: an example of relaxation of natural selection? Trends Ecol. Evol., 7, 274-276.
    • (1992) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.7 , pp. 274-276
    • Ollerton, J.1    Lack, A.2
  • 53
    • 79953903573 scopus 로고
    • Plant phenology: selection and neutrality - reply
    • Ollerton, J. & Lack, A. (1993). Plant phenology: selection and neutrality - reply. Trends Ecol. Evol., 8, 35-35.
    • (1993) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.8 , pp. 35-35
    • Ollerton, J.1    Lack, A.2
  • 54
    • 0031756081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between flowering phenology, plant size and reproductive success in Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae)
    • Ollerton, J. & Lack, A. (1998). Relationships between flowering phenology, plant size and reproductive success in Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae). Plant Ecol., 139, 35-47.
    • (1998) Plant Ecol. , vol.139 , pp. 35-47
    • Ollerton, J.1    Lack, A.2
  • 55
    • 77957129654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollinators exert natural selection on flower size and floral display in Penstemon digitalis
    • Parachnowitsch, A.L. & Kessler, A. (2010). Pollinators exert natural selection on flower size and floral display in Penstemon digitalis. New Phytol., 188, 393-402.
    • (2010) New Phytol. , vol.188 , pp. 393-402
    • Parachnowitsch, A.L.1    Kessler, A.2
  • 56
    • 4944234123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenology and phenotypic natural selection on the flowering time of a deceit-pollinated tropical orchid, Myrmecophila christinae
    • Parra-Tabla, V. & Vargas, F. (2004). Phenology and phenotypic natural selection on the flowering time of a deceit-pollinated tropical orchid, Myrmecophila christinae. Ann. Bot., 94, 243-250.
    • (2004) Ann. Bot. , vol.94 , pp. 243-250
    • Parra-Tabla, V.1    Vargas, F.2
  • 57
    • 34250345213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flowering synchrony and floral display affect pollination success in a deceit-pollinated tropical orchid
    • Parra-Tabla, V. & Vargas, F. (2007). Flowering synchrony and floral display affect pollination success in a deceit-pollinated tropical orchid. Acta Oecol., 32, 26-35.
    • (2007) Acta Oecol. , vol.32 , pp. 26-35
    • Parra-Tabla, V.1    Vargas, F.2
  • 58
    • 12444255253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of a RNA polymerase gene family in Silene (Caryophyllaceae) -incomplete concerted evolution and topological congruence among paralogues
    • Popp, M. & Oxelman, B. (2004). Evolution of a RNA polymerase gene family in Silene (Caryophyllaceae) -incomplete concerted evolution and topological congruence among paralogues. Syst. Biol., 53, 914-932.
    • (2004) Syst. Biol. , vol.53 , pp. 914-932
    • Popp, M.1    Oxelman, B.2
  • 59
    • 0001181810 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the phenology of natural populations of montane shrubs in New Zealand
    • Primack, R.B. (1980). Variation in the phenology of natural populations of montane shrubs in New Zealand. J. Ecol., 68, 849-862.
    • (1980) J. Ecol. , vol.68 , pp. 849-862
    • Primack, R.B.1
  • 60
    • 0023511183 scopus 로고
    • Relationships among flowers, fruits and seeds
    • Primack, R.B. (1987). Relationships among flowers, fruits and seeds. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 18, 409-430.
    • (1987) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.18 , pp. 409-430
    • Primack, R.B.1
  • 61
    • 35748932852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, Available at: Last accessed 10 February 2011.
    • R Development Core Team (2007). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, Available at: Last accessed 10 February 2011.
    • (2007) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 62
    • 0022169049 scopus 로고
    • Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants
    • Rathcke, B. & Lacey, E.P. (1985). Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 16, 179-214.
    • (1985) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.16 , pp. 179-214
    • Rathcke, B.1    Lacey, E.P.2
  • 63
    • 0030816613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogeny of the Aquilegia group (Ranunculaceae) based on internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA
    • Ro, K.E. & McPherson, B.A. (1997). Molecular phylogeny of the Aquilegia group (Ranunculaceae) based on internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 25, 445-461.
    • (1997) Biochem. Syst. Ecol. , vol.25 , pp. 445-461
    • Ro, K.E.1    McPherson, B.A.2
  • 65
    • 34547747995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenology and pollination of Manilkara zapota in forest and home gardens
    • Salinas-Peba, L. & Parra-Tabla, V. (2007). Phenology and pollination of Manilkara zapota in forest and home gardens. For. Ecol. Manage., 248, 136-142.
    • (2007) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.248 , pp. 136-142
    • Salinas-Peba, L.1    Parra-Tabla, V.2
  • 66
    • 64749106924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollinator-mediated selection on floral display and flowering time in the perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata
    • Sandring, S. & Ågren, J. (2009). Pollinator-mediated selection on floral display and flowering time in the perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata. Evolution, 63, 1292-1300.
    • (2009) Evolution , vol.63 , pp. 1292-1300
    • Sandring, S.1    Ågren, J.2
  • 67
    • 33847012074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection on flowering time and floral display in an alpine and a lowland population of Arabidopsis lyrata
    • Sandring, S., Riihimäki, M.-A., Savolainen, O. & Ågren, J. (2007). Selection on flowering time and floral display in an alpine and a lowland population of Arabidopsis lyrata. J. Evol. Biol., 20, 558-567.
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 558-567
    • Sandring, S.1    Riihimäki, M.-A.2    Savolainen, O.3    Ågren, J.4
  • 68
    • 70349438879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variation in onset dates and trends in phenology across Europe
    • Schleip, C., Sparks, T.H., Estrella, N. & Menzel, A. (2009). Spatial variation in onset dates and trends in phenology across Europe. Clim. Res., 39, 249-260.
    • (2009) Clim. Res. , vol.39 , pp. 249-260
    • Schleip, C.1    Sparks, T.H.2    Estrella, N.3    Menzel, A.4
  • 69
    • 65349181111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic structure of the grass subfamily Pooideae based on comparison matK gene-3'trnK exon and nuclear ITS sequences
    • Schneider, J., Döring, E., Hilu, K.W. & Röser, M. (2009). Phylogenetic structure of the grass subfamily Pooideae based on comparison matK gene-3'trnK exon and nuclear ITS sequences. Taxon, 58, 405-424.
    • (2009) Taxon , vol.58 , pp. 405-424
    • Schneider, J.1    Döring, E.2    Hilu, K.W.3    Röser, M.4
  • 70
    • 0031804347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flowering, fruiting and seed germination in Chilean rain forest Myrtaceae: ecological and phylogenetic constraints
    • Smith-Ramírez, C., Armesto, J.J. & Figueroa, J. (1998). Flowering, fruiting and seed germination in Chilean rain forest Myrtaceae: ecological and phylogenetic constraints. Plant Ecol., 136, 119-131.
    • (1998) Plant Ecol. , vol.136 , pp. 119-131
    • Smith-Ramírez, C.1    Armesto, J.J.2    Figueroa, J.3
  • 71
    • 0028974583 scopus 로고
    • Multilevel selection in natural populations of Impatiens capensis
    • Stevens, L., Goodnight, C.J. & Kalisz, S. (1995). Multilevel selection in natural populations of Impatiens capensis. Am. Nat., 145, 513-524.
    • (1995) Am. Nat. , vol.145 , pp. 513-524
    • Stevens, L.1    Goodnight, C.J.2    Kalisz, S.3
  • 72
    • 66249094171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive success of non-rewarding Cypripedium japonicum benefits from low spatial dispersion pattern and asynchronous flowering
    • Sun, H.-Q., Cheng, J., Zhang, F.-M., Luo, Yi.-Bo. & Ge, S. (2009). Reproductive success of non-rewarding Cypripedium japonicum benefits from low spatial dispersion pattern and asynchronous flowering. Ann. Bot., 103, 1227-1237.
    • (2009) Ann. Bot. , vol.103 , pp. 1227-1237
    • Sun, H.-Q.1    Cheng, J.2    Zhang, F.-M.3    Luo, Y.-B.4    Ge, S.5
  • 74
    • 0008595655 scopus 로고
    • An alternative view on generic delimitation and relationships in tribe Cereeae (Cactaceae)
    • Taylor, N.P. & Zappi, D. (1989). An alternative view on generic delimitation and relationships in tribe Cereeae (Cactaceae). Bradleya, 7, 13-40.
    • (1989) Bradleya , vol.7 , pp. 13-40
    • Taylor, N.P.1    Zappi, D.2
  • 75
    • 0035970824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetic and fitness costs of mismatching resource supply and demand in seasonally breeding birds
    • Thomas, D.W., Blondel, J., Perret, P., Lambrechts, M.M. & Speakman, J.R. (2001). Energetic and fitness costs of mismatching resource supply and demand in seasonally breeding birds. Science, 291, 2598-2600.
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 2598-2600
    • Thomas, D.W.1    Blondel, J.2    Perret, P.3    Lambrechts, M.M.4    Speakman, J.R.5
  • 76
    • 33845690114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long day plants and the response to global warming: rapid evolutionary change in day length sensitivity is possible in wild beet
    • Van Dijk, H. & Hautekeete, N. (2007). Long day plants and the response to global warming: rapid evolutionary change in day length sensitivity is possible in wild beet. J. Evol. Biol., 20, 349-357.
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 349-357
    • Van Dijk, H.1    Hautekeete, N.2
  • 77
    • 1342331052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bridging meta-analysis and the comparative method: a test of seed size effect on germination after frugivores' gut passage
    • Verdú, M. & Traveset, A. (2004). Bridging meta-analysis and the comparative method: a test of seed size effect on germination after frugivores' gut passage. Oecologia, 138, 414-418.
    • (2004) Oecologia , vol.138 , pp. 414-418
    • Verdú, M.1    Traveset, A.2
  • 78
    • 20444408026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early emergence enhances plant fitness: a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis
    • Verdú, M. & Traveset, A. (2005). Early emergence enhances plant fitness: a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis. Ecology, 86, 1385-1394.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1385-1394
    • Verdú, M.1    Traveset, A.2
  • 79
    • 79953903571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metafor: Meta-analysis Package for R. The Comprehensive R Archive Network. Available at: Last accessed 10 February 2011.
    • Vietchtbauer, W. (2010). Metafor: Meta-analysis Package for R. The Comprehensive R Archive Network. Available at: Last accessed 10 February 2011.
    • (2010)
    • Vietchtbauer, W.1
  • 80
    • 64449086091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and classification of Ranunculales: evidence from four molecular loci and morphological data
    • Wang, W., Lu, A.M., Ren, Y. & Endress, M.E. (2009). Phylogeny and classification of Ranunculales: evidence from four molecular loci and morphological data. Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst., 11, 81-110.
    • (2009) Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. , vol.11 , pp. 81-110
    • Wang, W.1    Lu, A.M.2    Ren, Y.3    Endress, M.E.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.