The role of irrational beliefs, brooding and reflective pondering in predicting distress

Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 43-55

  Szasz, Paul Lucian ^a  

^a BABE BOLYAI UNIVERSITY   (Romania)

Author keywords

Brooding; Distress; Irrational beliefs; Reflective pondering

Indexed keywords

EID: 79953853894     PISSN: 15847101     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 217-237.
2. Armey, M. F., Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., Mennin, D. S., Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., et al., (2009). Brooding and Pondering. Isolating the Active Ingredients of Depressive Rumination with Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. Assessment, 16, 315-327
3. Baron, R. A., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
4. Bernard, M. E. (1998). Validations of general attitude and belief scale. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 16, 183-196.
5. Bond, F. W., & Dryden, W. (1996). Testing an REBT theory: The effects of rational beliefs, irrational beliefs, and their control or certainty contents on the functionality of interference-II. In a personal context. International Journal of Psychotherapy, 1, 55-77.
6. Burwell, R. A., & Shirk, S. R. (2007). Subtypes of rumination in adolescence: associations between brooding, reflection, depressive symptoms, and coping. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36, 56-65.
7. Butler, L. D., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1994). Gender differences in responses to depressed mood in a college sample. Sex Roles, 30, 331-346.
8. David, D., & Szentagotai, A. (2006). Cognition in cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies toward an integrative model. Clinical Psychological Review, 26, 284-298.
9. David, D., Szentagotai, A., Kallay, E., & Macavei, B., (2005). A synopsis of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT). Fundamental and applied research. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 3, 175-221.
10. David, D., Montgomery, G. H., Macavei, B., & Bovbjerg, D. H. (2005). An empirical investigation of Albert Ellis's Binary Model of Distress. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61, 499-516.
11. David, D., Schnur, J., & Belloiu, A. (2002). Another search for the "hot"cognitions: Appraisal, irrational beliefs, attributions, and their relation to emotion. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 29, 93-131.
12. DiLorenzo, T. A., David, D., & Montgomery, G. H. (2007). The interrelations between irrational cognitive processes and distress in stressful academic settings. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 765-776.
13. Ellis, A. (1994). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. Secaucus, NJ: Birch Lane Press.
14. Ellis A. (1962). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. Secacus, NJ: Lyle Stuart.
15. Fresco, D. M., Frankel, A. N., Mennin, D. S., Turk, C. L., & Heimberg, R. G. (2002). Distinct and overlapping features of rumination and worry: the relationship of cognitive production to negative affective states. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 179-188.
16. Just, N., & Alloy, L. B. (1997). The response styles theory of depression: Tests and an extension of the theory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 221-229.
17. Lyubomirsky, S., & Tkach, C. (2003). The consequences of dysphoric rumination. In C. Papageorgiou & A. Wells (Eds.), Rumination: Nature, theory, and treatment of negative thinking in depression (pp. 21-41). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
18. Lyubomirsky, S., Tucker, K. L., Caldwell, N. D., & Berg, K. (1999). Why ruminators are poor problem solvers: Clues from the phenomenology of dysphoric rumination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1041-1060.
19. Lyubomirsky, S., Caldwell, N. D., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). Effects of ruminative and distracting responses to depressed mood on autobiographical memories and predictions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 166-177.
20. Lyubomirsky, S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1995). Effects of self-focused rumination on negative thinking and interpersonal problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 176-190.
21. Lyubomirsky, S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1993). Self-perpetuating properties of dysphoric rumination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 339-349.
22. Macavei, B. (2005). The role of irrational beliefs in the rational emotive behavior theory of depression. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 5, 73-83.
23. MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 99-128.
24. Malouff, J. M., Schutte, N. S., & McClelland, T. (1992). Examination of the relationship between irrational beliefs and state anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 451-456.
25. Malouff, J. M., & Schutte, N. S. (1986). Development and validation of a measure of irrational beliefs. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 860-862.
26. McDermut, J. F., Haaga, A. A. F., & Bilek, L. A. (1997). Cognitive bias and irrational beliefs in major depression and dysphoria. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 459-476.
27. Moberly, N. J., & Watkins, E. R. (2008). Ruminative self-focus and negative affect: an experience sampling study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 314-323.
28. Morrow, J., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1990). Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 519-527.
29. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 504-511.
30. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). The other end of the continuum: The costs of rumination. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 216-219.
31. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1996). Chewing the cud and other ruminations. In R.S. Wyer, Jr. (Ed.), Advances in Social Cognition (pp. 135-144). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
32. Nolen-oeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569-582.
33. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 259-282.
34. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1061-1072.
35. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Parker, L., & Larson, J. (1994). Ruminative coping with depressive mood following loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 92-104.
36. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Morrow, J., & Fredrickson, B. L. (1993). Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 20-28.
37. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and distress following a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 115-121
38. Opriş, D., & Macavei, B. (2007). The profile of emotional distress; norms for the romanian population. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 8, 139-158.
39. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891.
40. Raes, F., Hermans, D., Williams, J. M. G., Bijttebier, P., & Eelen, P. (2007). A "Triple W"-Model of rumination on sadness: Why am I feeling sad, what's the meaning of my seadness, and wish I could stop thinking about my sadness (but I can't!). Cognitive Therapy and Research. 32, 526-541.
41. Robinson, M. S., & Alloy, L. B. (2003). Negative cognitive styles and stress-reactive rumination interact to predict depression: A prospective study. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 27, 275-292.
42. Rude, S. A., Maestas, K. L., & Neff, K. (2007). Paying attention to distress: what's wrong with rumination? Cognition and Emotion, 21, 843-864.
43. Segerstrom, S. C., Stanton, A. L., Alden, L. A., & Shortridge, B. E. (2003). A ultidimensional structure for repetitive thought: what's on your mind, and how, and how much? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 909-921.
44. Segerstrom, S. C., Tsao, J. C. I., Alden, L. E., & Craske, M. G. (2000). Worry and rumination: Repetitive thought as a concomitant and predictor of negative mood. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 671-688.
45. Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445.
46. Surrence, K., Miranda, R., Marroquin, B. M., & Chan, S. (2009). Brooding and reflective rumination among suicide attempters: Cognitive vulnerability to suicidal ideation. Behavior Research and Therapy, 47, 803-808.
47. Solomon, A., Arnow, B. A., Gotlib, I. H., & Wind, B. (2003). Individualized measurement of irrational beliefs in remitted depressives. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 4, 439-455.
48. Szasz, P. L. (2009). Thought Suppression, Depressive Rumination and Depression: A Mediation Analysis. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 9, 199-109.
49. Szentagotai, A. (2006). Irrational beliefs, thought suppression and distress - a mediation analysis. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 6, 119-127.
50. Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination Reconsidered: A Psychometric Analysis, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 247-259.
51. Trew, J. L., & Alden, L. E. (2009). Predicting anger in social anxiety: The mediating role of rumination. Behavior Research and Therapy, 47, 1079-1084.
52. Watkins, E., & Teasdale, J. D. (2001). Rumination and overgeneral memory in depression: Effects of self-focus and analytic thinking. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 333-357.
53. Wegner, D. M., & Zanakos, S. (1994). Chronic thought suppression. Journal of Personality, 62, 615-640.
54. Wenzlaff, R. M., & Bates, D. E. (1998). Unmasking a cognitive vulnerability to depression: How lapses in mental control reveal depressive thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1559-1571.