Why is Southern African canine babesiosis so virulent? An evolutionary perspective

Parasites and Vectors

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2011, Pages

  Penzhorn, Barend L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; ANOREXIA; BABESIA; BABESIA BIGEMINA; BABESIA BOVIS; BABESIA ROSSI; BABESIOSIS; DEPRESSION; DOG; ENDEMIC DISEASE; FEVER; NONHUMAN; PALLOR; PARASITE VIRULENCE; REVIEW; SPLENOMEGALY; TACHYCARDIA; TACHYPNEA; WEAKNESS; ADAPTATION; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; DOG DISEASE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; PARASITOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY; VIRULENCE;

ANIMALIA; BABESIA; BABESIA ROSSI; BOVINAE; CANIDAE; CANIS ADUSTUS; CANIS FAMILIARIS; CANIS LUPUS; LYCAON PICTUS;

ADAPTATION, BIOLOGICAL; AFRICA, SOUTHERN; ANIMALS; BABESIA; BABESIOSIS; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; VIRULENCE;

EID: 79953847754     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17563305     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-51     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Survey of canine babesiosis in South Africa. MG Collett, J S Afr Vet Assoc 2001 71 3 180 186
2. The incidence of canine babesiosis amongst sick dogs presented to the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital. AS Shakespeare, J S Afr Vet Assoc 1995 66 4 247 250 8691416
3. Diseases amongst dogs. Malignant jaundice or bilious fever of the dog. D Hutcheon, Agric J Cape Good Hope 1893 6 476 477
4. Transmission of malignant jaundice of the dog by a species of tick. CH Lounsbury, Agric J Cape Good Hope 1901 19 714 724
5. Ticks and malignant jaundice of the dog. CH Lounsbury, J Comp Path Therap 1904 17 113 129
6. Beitrag zur Frage der Immunität bei der Piroplasmosis des Hundes. A Theiler, Zbl Bakt Parasitenk Inf (Erste Abt/Orig) 1904 37 401 405
7. Atoxylversuche bei der Piroplasmose der Hunde. R Gonder, Arb K Gesundgheitsamte 1908 27 301 309
8. The successful drug treatment of canine piroplasmosis, together with observation upon the effect of drugs on Piroplasma canis. GHF Nuttall S Hadwen, Parasitology 1909 2 156 191 10.1017/S003118200000161X
9. A propos de l'immunité du chien vis - vis de la piroplasmose canine (Babesiose canine). A Ciuca, Bull Soc Path Exot 1913 6 499 501
10. Piroplasmoses canines d'Europe et d'Afrique. A Laveran Nattan-Larrier, Ann Inst Pasteur 1913 27 701 717
11. Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844), an old taxon of the Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi group from East and southern Africa, and of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi (Audouin, 1826) (Ixodida, Ixodidae). DA Apanaskevich IG Horak JL Camicas, Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2007 74 181 208 17933361 (Pubitemid 350034226)
12. Preliminary note of development of Piroplasma canis in the tick. SR Christophers, Br Med J 1907 76 78 10.1136/bmj.1.2402.76 20763014
13. Transmission de la piroplasmose canine tunisienne par le Rhipicephalus sanguineus. E Brumpt, Bull Soc Path Exot 1919 12 757 764
14. Transmission de la piroplasmose canine française par le Dermacentor reticulatus. Embolies parasitaires dans les capillaires de l'encéphale. E Brumpt, Bull Soc Path Exot 1919 12 651 664
15. Einige Versuche mit Piroplasma canis und Rhipicephalus sanguineus. O Nieschultz FK Wawo-Roentoe, Z Infektionskr Parasit Krankh Hyg Haustiere 1931 40 60 63
16. Beitrag zur Uebertragungsweise von Babesia canis durch Zecken. P Regendanz E Reichenow, Zbl Bakt Parasitenk Inf (Erste Abt/Orig) 1932 124 471 478
17. Three groups of Babesia canis distinguished and a proposal for nomenclature. G Uilenberg FFJ Franssen M Perie AAM Spanjer, Vet Q 1989 11 33 40 2655263
18. Su di un' infezione del cane con parasiti endoglobulari. GP Piana B Galli-Valerio, Mod Zooiatr 1895 6 163 169
19. Autochthonous canine babesiosis in The Netherlands. PT Matjila AM Nijhof A Taoufik D Houwers E Teske BL Penzhorn T de Lange F Jongejan, Vet Parasit 2005 131 23 29 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.020 (Pubitemid 40807532)
20. First case of babesiosis caused by Babesia canis canis in a dog from Norway. O Oines K Storli H Brun-Hansen, Vet Parasit 2010 171 350 353 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.03.024
21. Ueber die Entwicklung von Theileria parva, dem Erreger des Küstenfiebers der Rinder, in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. E Reichenow, Zbl Bakt Parasitenk Inf (Erste Abt/Orig) 1937 140 223 226
22. On haematozoa occurring in wild animals in Africa. Piroplasma rossi n. sp. and Haemogregarina canis adusti n.sp. found in the jackal. GHF Nuttall, Parasitology 1910 3 108 116 10.1017/S0031182000001955
23. Babesia canis canis, Babesia canis vogeli, Babesia canis rossi: Differentiation of the three subspecies by a restricted fragment length polymorphism analysis on amplified small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. C Carret F Walas B Carcy N Grande Précigout K Moubri TP Schetters A Gorenflot, J Eukaryot Microbiol 1999 46 298 303 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb05128.x 10377990 (Pubitemid 29284932)
24. Detection and molecular characterization of a novel large Babesia species in a dog. AJ Birkenheuer J Neel DS Ruslander MG Levy EB Breitschwerdt, Vet Parasit 2004 124 151 160 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.07.008 (Pubitemid 39286144)
25. First record of Babesia canis vogeli in domestic dogs in South Africa. PT Matjila BL Penzhorn CPJ Bekker AM Nijhof F Jongejan, Vet Parasit 2004 122 119 125 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.03.019 (Pubitemid 38737305)
26. Molecular detection of tick-borne protozoal and ehrlichial infections in domestic dogs in South Africa. PT Matjila AL Leisewitz F Jongejan BL Penzhorn, Vet Parasit 2008 155 152 157 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.012
27. Preliminary report on a new piroplasm (Piroplasma gibsoni n. sp.) found in the blood of the hounds of the Madras hunt and subsequently discovered in the blood of the jackal, Canis aureus. WS Patton, Bull Soc Path Exot 1910 3 274 280
28. Babesia conradae, sp. nov., a small canine Babesia identified in California. AM Kjemtrup K Wainwright M Miller BL Penzhorn RA Carreno, Vet Parasit 2006 138 103 111 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.044 (Pubitemid 43674245)
29. Detection of a new pathogenic Babesia microti-like species in dogs. M Zahler H Rinder E Schein R Gothe, Vet Parasit 2000 89 241 248 10.1016/S0304-4017(00)00202-8 (Pubitemid 30173165)
30. Infection of dogs in north-west Spain with a Babesia microti-like agent. AT Camacho E Pallas JJ Gestal FJ Guitian AS Olmeda HK Goethert SR Telford, Vet Rec 2001 149 552 555 10.1136/vr.149.18.552 11720208 (Pubitemid 33061982)
31. Detection of a Theileria species in dogs in South Africa. PT Matjila AL Leisewitz MC Oosthuizen F Jongejan BL Penzhorn, Vet Parasit 2008 157 34 40 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.06.025
32. Canine babesiosis. JP Schoeman, Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2009 76 59 66 19967929
33. Babesiosis. J Taboada RG Lobetti, Infectious diseases of the dog and cat St Louis: Saunders Elsevier, Greene CE, 3 2006 722 736
34. The mixed acid-base disturbances of severe canine babesiosis. AL Leisewitz LS Jacobson HS de Morais F Reyers, J Vet Int Med 2001 15 445 452 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01573.x (Pubitemid 33722432)
35. Prevalence and risk factors of hypoglycemia in virulent canine babesiosis. N Keller LS Jacobson M Nel M de Clerq PN Thompson JP Schoeman, J Vet Int Med 2004 18 265 270 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02544.x (Pubitemid 38748343)
36. The South African form of severe and complicated canine babesiosis: clinical advances 1994-2004. LS Jacobson, Vet Parasit 2006 138 126 139 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.047 (Pubitemid 43674249)
37. An epidemiological investigation into hospitalised cases of canine babesiosis. M van Zyl, Proceedings of a symposium on canine babesiosis Onderstepoort: Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Lewis BD, Jacobson LS, 1995 42 43
38. Clinical and pathological findings of Babesia infection in dogs. PJ Irwin GW Hutchinson, Austr Vet J 1991 68 204 209 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1991.tb03194.x
39. Bovine babesiosis. AJ De Vos DT de Waal LA Jackson, Infectious Diseases of Livestock Cape Town: Oxford University Press, Coetzer JAW, Tustin RC, 2 2004 1 406 424
40. Vectors: Ticks. RAI Norval IG Horak, Infectious Diseases of Livestock Cape Town: Oxford University Press, Coetzer JAW, Tustin RC, 2 2004 1 3 42
41. The effect of age on resistance of cattle to Babesia bovis. KF Trueman GW Blight, Austr Vet J 1978 54 301 305 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1978.tb02465.x
42. Epidemiology and control of bovine babesiosis in South Africa. AJ De Vos, J S Afr Vet Assoc 1979 50 357 362 576018 (Pubitemid 11201485)
43. Babesia bicornis sp. n. and Theileria bicornis sp. n.: Tick-borne parasites associated with mortality in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). A Nijhof BL Penzhorn G Lynen JO Mollel C Bekker F Jongejan, J Clin Microbiol 2003 41 2249 2254 10.1128/JCM.41.5.2249-2254.2003 12734294 (Pubitemid 36576580)
44. Mortalities associated with capture, translocation, trade and exhibition of black rhinoceroses. B McCullogh PL Achard, Int Zoo Yb 1960 9 184 195 10.1111/j.1748-1090.1969.tb02681.x
45. Degenerative myopathies in East African domestic and wild animals. GM Mugera JG Wandera, Vet Rec 1967 80 410 413 10.1136/vr.80.13.410 6068391
46. Red-water (babesiosis) in a sable antelope. G Martinaglia, J S Afr Vet Med Assoc 1930 1 4 41 42
47. An outbreak of babesiosis in imported sable antelope (Hippotragus niger). EF McInnes CG Stewart BL Penzhorn DGA Meltzer, J S Afr Vet Assoc 1991 62 30 32 2051446
48. Babesia leo n. sp. from lions in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, and its relation to other small piroplasms. BL Penzhorn AE Kjemtrup LM Lápez-Rebollar PA Conrad, J Parasit 2001 87 681 685 10.2307/3285112 11426735 (Pubitemid 32553484)
49. Occurrence of Babesia felis and Babesia leo in domestic cats and various wild felid species in Southern Africa, based on reverse line blot analysis. AM Bosman EH Venter BL Penzhorn, Vet Parasit 2007 144 33 38 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006. 09.025 (Pubitemid 46186662)
50. Some piroplasms of wild animals. SF Barnett DW Brocklesby, Symp Zool Soc Lond 1968 24 159 176
51. J Adamson, Living free London: Collins & Harvill 1962
52. Note on Rossiella rossi (Nuttall, 1910) occurring in the jackal in British East Africa. GHF Nuttall, Parasitology 1912 5 61 64 10.1017/ S0031182000000093
53. Note on attempts to infect the fox and the jackal with Piroplasma canis. GHF Nuttall GS Graham-Smith, Parasitology 1909 2 211 214 10.1017/ S0031182000001670
54. The transmission of Babesia canis (Piana and Galli-Valerio, 1895) to the black-backed jackal [Thos mesomelas (Schreber)], with a discussion of the classification of the piroplasms of the Canidae. WO Neitz HP Steyn, J S Afr Vet Med Assoc 1947 18 1 12
55. The transmission of Babesia canis to the wild dog (Lycaon pictus) (Temminck) and black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas (Schreber). J van Heerden, J S Afr Vet Assoc 1980 18 119 120
56. Fatal acute babesiosis in a juvenile wild dog. LP Colly JW Nesbit, J S Afr Vet Assoc 1992 63 36 38 1569540
57. Molecular detection of Babesia rossi and Hepatozoon sp. in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in South Africa. PT Matjila AL Leisewitz F Jongejan HJ Bertschinger BL Penzhorn, Vet Parasit 2008 157 123 127 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.07. 016
58. An investigation into the health status and diseases of wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Kruger National Park. J Van Heerden MGL Mills MJ van Vuuren PJ Kelly MJ Dreyer, J S Afr Vet Assoc 1995 66 18 27 7629782
59. Hepatozoonosis in cheetahs and wild dogs in the Serengeti ecosystem. MA Peirce MK Laurenson SC Gascoyne, Afr J Ecol 1995 33 273 275 10.1111/j.1365-2028. 1995.tb00806.x (Pubitemid 3000237)
60. Disease and mortality of captive hunting dogs Lycaon pictus. J Van Heerden, S Afr J Wildl Res 1986 16 7 11
61. Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XXI. Ixodid ticks on domestic dogs and on wild carnivores. IG Horak A Jacot-Guillarmod LC Moolman V de Vos, Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1987 54 573 580 3444612
62. Ixodid ticks collected at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort, from dogs diagnosed with Babesia canis infection. IG Horak, J S Afr Vet Assoc 1995 66 170 171 8596189
63. Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XXXVIII. Ixodid ticks collected from 23 wild carnivore species. IG Horak LEO Braack LJ Fourie JB Walker, Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2000 67 239 250 11206391
64. Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLVIII. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic cats and wild felids in Southern Africa. IG Horak H Heyne EF Donkin, Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2010 77 1 Art. #3, 7 pages 10.4102/ojvr.v77i1.3
65. Ectoparasites of dogs belonging to people in resource-poor communities in north West Province, South Africa. NR Bryson IG Horak EW Höhn JP Louw, J S Afr Vet Assoc 2000 71 175 179 11205167 (Pubitemid 33673180)
66. Wild canids, domestic dogs and their pathogens in Southeast Brazil: disease threats for canid conservation. NHDA Curi AS Arajo FS Campos ZIP Lobato SM Gennari MFV Marvulo JCR Silva SA Talamoni, Biodivers Conserv 2010 19 3513 3524 10.1007/s10531-010-9911-0
67. The Near Eastern origin of cat domestication. CA Driscoll M Menotti-Raymond AL Roca K Hupe WE Johnson E Geffen EH Harley M Delibes D Pontier AC Kitchener N Yamaguchi SJ O'Brien DW Macdonald, Science, NY 2007 317 519 523 (Pubitemid 47196117)
68. Ancient DNA from Nubian and Somali wild ass provides insights into donkey ancestry and domestication. B Kimura FB Marshall SY Chen S Rosenbom PD Moehlman N Tuross RC Sabin J Peters B Barich H Yohannes F Kebede R Teclai A Beja-Pereira CJ Mulligan, Proc R Soc B-Biol Sci 2011 278 50 57 10.1098/rspb.2010.0708
69. Canis lupus. LD Mech, Mammalian Species 1974 37 1 6 10.2307/3503924
70. mtDNA data indicate a single origin for dogs south of Yangtze River, less than 16,300 years ago, from numerous wolves. JF Pang C Kluetsch XJ Zou AB Zhang LY Luo H Angleby A Ardalan C Ekstrom A Skollermo J Lundeberg S Matsumura T Leitner YP Zhang P Savolainen, Mol Biol Evol 2009 26 2849 2864 10.1093/molbev/msp195 19723671
71. African animal trypanosomoses. RJ Connor P Van den Bossche, Infectious Diseases of Livestock Cape Town: Oxford University Press, Coetzer JAW, Tustin RC, 2 2004 1 251 296
72. Heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection): current status. G Uilenberg, Adv Vet Sci Comp Med 1983 27 427 480 6359836
73. Corridor disease. JA Lawrence BD Perry SM Williamson, Infectious Diseases of Livestock Cape Town: Oxford University Press, Coetzer JAW, Tustin RC, 2 2004 1 468 471
74. East Coast Fever. JA Lawrence BD Perry SM Williamson, Infectious Diseases of Livestock Cape Town: Oxford University Press, Coetzer JAW, Tustin RC, 2 2004 1 448 467
75. Genetic characterisation of a domestic dog Canis familiaris breed endemic to South African rural areas. LM Greyling PJ Grobler HF Van der Bank A Kotze, Acta Theriol 2004 49 369 382 10.1007/BF03192535 (Pubitemid 39384823)
76. The brown dog tick, Rhipicepalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae): From taxonomy to control. F Dantes-Torres, Vet Parasit 2008 152 172 185
77. Ehrlichiosis in wolves, dogs and wolf-dog crosses. JM Harvey CF Simpson JM Gaskin JH Sameck, J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979 175 901 905 521367 (Pubitemid 10198479)