Referral patterns and clinical characteristics of subjects referred to substance abuse clinic of a regional hospital in Hong Kong

East Asian Archives of Psychiatry

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 22-27

  Tang, Alan ^a   Liang, H J ^b   Ungvari, G S ^c   Tang, Wai Kwong ^b  

^a CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (Australia)

Author keywords

Comorbidity; Referral and consultation; Substance related disorders

Indexed keywords

ANTITUSSIVE AGENT; KETAMINE; METHAMPHETAMINE;

ARTICLE; DEPRESSION; HONG KONG; HOSPITAL; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; SOCIAL WORKER; SUBSTANCE ABUSE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; FEMALE; HONG KONG; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OUTPATIENT CLINICS, HOSPITAL; REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79953810300     PISSN: 20789947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Census and Statistics Department. Hong Kong Statistics. Website: http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong-kong-statistics/statistics-on-map/index.jsp. Accessed 28 Jan 2011.
2. Narcotics Division, Security Bureau, Hong Kong SAR Government. Central Registry of Drug Abuse Fifty-sixth Report, Narcotics Division 2006. Website: http://www.nd.gov.hk/sc/56-report.htm. Accessed 28 Jan 2011.
3. Narcotics Division, Security Bureau, Hong Kong SAR Government. Central Registry of Drug Abuse and Drug Abuse Statistics, table 16. 2009. Website: http://www.nd.gov.hk/statistics-list/doc/en/t16.pdf. Accessed 28 Jan 2011.
4. Lahti AC, Weiler MA, Tamara Michaelidis BA, Parwani A, Tamminga CA. Effects of ketamine in normal and schizophrenic volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001;25:455-67. (Pubitemid 32830950)
5. Ellinwood EH Jr. Amphetamine psychosis: I. Description of the individuals and process. J Nerv Ment Dis 1967;144:273-83.
6. Chan YF, Godley MD, Godley SH, Dennis ML. Utilization of mental health services among adolescents in community-based substance abuse outpatient clinics. J Behav Health Serv Res 2009;36:35-51.
7. Shoptaw S, Peck J, Reback CJ, Rotheram-Fuller E. Psychiatric and substance dependence comorbidities, sexually transmitted diseases, and risk behaviors among methamphetamine-dependent gay and bisexual men seeking outpatient drug abuse treatment. J Psychoactive Drugs 2003;35 Suppl 1:S161-8.
8. Chan YF, Dennis ML, Funk RR. Prevalence and comorbidity of major internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescents and adults presenting to substance abuse treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat 2008;34:14-24. (Pubitemid 350216349)
9. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases. 10th revision. Geneva; 1992.
10. Narcotics Division, Security Bureau. Hong Kong SAR Government. Central Registry of Drug Abuse and Drug Statistics. Website: http://www.nd.gov.hk/sc/ statistics-list.htm. Accessed 28 Jan 2011.
11. Parrott AC. Chronic tolerance to recreational MDMA (3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or ecstasy. J Psychopharmacol 2005;19:71-83.
12. Fitzpatrick L. Between the lines: Hong Kong develops a first world coke habit. July 2007. Website: http://china.blogs.time.com/2007/07/18/between-the- lines-hong-kong-de/. Accessed 28 Jan 2011.
13. Chan T. China, US net record cocaine seizure. China Daily. May 2006. Website: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-05/10/content-585880.htm. Accessed 28 Jan 2011.
14. Ketamine seizures grow three-fold. Law and order. News.gov.hk. Website: http://news.gov.hk/en/category/lawandorder/091123/ html/091123en08004.htm. Accessed 28 Jan 2011.
15. Narcotics Division, Security Bureau, Hong Kong SAR Government. Central Registry of Drug Abuse Fifty-eight Report. Chapter 2: Drug abuse trends for 1999-2008. Website: http://www.nd.gov.hk/sc/58-report.htm. Accessed 28 Jan 2011.
16. Mertens JR, Lu YW, Parthasarathy S, Moore C, Weisner CM. Medical and psychiatric conditions of alcohol and drug treatment patients in an HMO: comparison with matched controls. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2511-7. (Pubitemid 37385795)
17. Boudreaux ED, Bedek KL, Gilles D, Baumann BM, Hollenberg S, Lord SA, et al. The Dynamic Assessment and Referral System for Substance Abuse (DARSSA): development, functionality, and end-user satisfaction. Drug Alcohol Depend 2009;99:37-46.
18. Leung SP. Annual Report, Team A2. Castle Peak Hospital; 2009.
19. Roberts RE, Roberts CR, Xing Y. Comorbidity of substance use disorders and other psychiatric disorders among adolescents: evidence from an epidemiologic survey drug and alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007;88 Suppl:S4-13.
20. Compton WM, Thomas YF, Stinson FS, Grant BF. Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007;64:566-76. (Pubitemid 46718289)
21. Havassy BE, Alvidrez J, Owen KK. Comparisons of patients with comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders: implications for treatment and service delivery. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:139-45. (Pubitemid 38419319)
22. Krystal JH, Karper LP, Seibyl JP, Freeman GK, Delaney R, Bremner JD, et al. Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:199-214.
23. Lahti AC, Koffel B, LaPorte D, Tamminga CA. Subanesthetic doses of ketamine stimulate psychosis in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 1995;13:9-19.
24. Malhotra AK, Pinals DA, Adler CM, Elman I, Clifton A, Pickar D, et al. Ketamine-induced exacerbation of psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment in neuroleptic-free schizophrenics. Neuropsychopharmacology 1997;17:141-50. (Pubitemid 27365955)
25. Lahti AC, Weiler MA, Tamara Michaelidis BA, Parwani A, Tamminga CA. Effects of ketamine in normal and schizophrenic volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001;25:455-67. (Pubitemid 32830950)
26. Lilly J. The scientist: a metaphysical autobiography. 3rd ed. Berkeley California: Ronin Publishing; 1996: 158.
27. Gorightly A. John Lilly, ketamine and the entities from ECCO. Website: http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/UFOs/Gorightly.htm. Accessed 28 Jan 2011.
28. Krystal JH, Petrakis IL, Webb E, Cooney NL, Karper LP, Namanworth S, et al. Dose-related ethanol-like effects of the NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in recently detoxified alcoholics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:354-60.
29. Krystal JH, Perry EB Jr, Gueorguieva R, Beiger A, Madonick SH, Abi-Dargham A, et al. Comparative and interactive human psychopharmacologic effects of ketamine and amphetamine: implications for glutamatergic and dopaminergic model psychoses and cognitive function. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:985-94.
30. Honey RA, Turner DC, Honey GD, Sharar SR, Kumaran D, Pomarol-Clotet E, et al. Subdissociative dose ketamine produces a deficit in manipulation but not maintenance of the contents of working memory. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;28:2037-44. (Pubitemid 37412113)
31. Berman RM, Cappiello A, Anand A, Oren DA, Heninger GR, Charney DS, et al. Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry 2000;47:351-4. (Pubitemid 30109248)
32. Zarate CA Jr, Singh JB, Carlson PJ, Bratsche NE, Ameli R, Luckenbaugh DA, et al. A randomized trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:856-64. (Pubitemid 44188478)
33. Phelps LE, Bratsche N, Moral JR, Luckenbaugh DA, Manji HK, Zarate CA Jr. Family history of alcohol dependence and initial antidepressant response to an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist. Biol Psychiatry 2008;65:181-4.
34. Paul R, Schaaff N, Padberg F, Möller HJ, Frodl T. Comparison of racemic ketamine and S-ketamine in treatment-resistant major depression: report of two cases. World J Biol Psychiatry 2009;10:241-4.
35. Skolnick P, Popik P, Trullas R. Glutamate-based antidepressants: 20 years on. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2009;30:563-9.