Pedaling technique and energy cost in cycling

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 701-705

  Leirdal, Stig ^a   Ettema, Gertjan ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

Author keywords

DEAD CENTER; EFFECTIVENESS; EFFICIENCY; FORCE; PEDAL

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BICYCLE; ENERGY METABOLISM; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MONITORING; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; PRODUCTIVITY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BICYCLING; EFFICIENCY; ENERGY METABOLISM; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MONITORING, PHYSIOLOGIC; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79953753541     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: 15300315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181f6b7ea     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Belli A, Hintzy F. Influence of pedaling rate on the energy cost of cycling in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;88:158-62. (Pubitemid 40826322)
2. Candotti CT, Ribeiro J, Soares DP, DeOliveira AR, Loss JF, Guimaraes ACS. Effective force and economy of triathletes and cyclists. Sport Biomech. 2007;6(1):31-43.
3. Coast JR, Welch HG. Linear increase in optimal pedal rate with increased power output in cycle ergometry. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1985;53:339-42. (Pubitemid 15120596)
4. Coyle EF, Feltner ME, Kautz SA, et al. Physiological and biomechanical factors associated with elite endurance cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23(1):93-107.
5. Ericson MO, Nisell R. Efficiency of pedal forces during ergometer cycling. Int J Sports Med. 1988;9:118-22.
6. Ettema G, Huijing PA. Frequency response of rat gastrocnemius medialis in small amplitude vibrations. J Biomech. 1994; 27:1015-22. (Pubitemid 24177125)
7. Ettema G, Lorås H. Efficiency in cycling: a review. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;106(1):1-14.
8. Ettema G, Lorås H, Leirdal S. The effects of cycling cadence on the phases of joint power, crank power, force and force effectiveness. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2009;19(2):94-101.
9. Foss Ø, Hallen J. The most economical cadence increases with increasing workload. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;92:443-51.
10. Foss Ø, Hallen J. Cadence and performance in elite cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005;93:453-62.
11. Fregly BJ, Zajac FE, Dairaghi CA. Crank inertial load has little effect on steady-state pedaling coordination. J Biomech. 1996;29: 1559-67. (Pubitemid 26381867)
12. Hansen EA, Jørgensen LV, Jensen K, Fregly BJ, Sjøgaard G. Crank inertial load affects freely chosen pedal rate during cycling. J Biomech. 2002;35:277-85. (Pubitemid 34037103)
13. 2max and the plateau - needed or not? Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2007;39(1):101-2.
14. Kautz SA, Hull ML. A theoretical basis for interpreting the force applied to the pedal in cycling. J Biomech. 1993;26(2):155-65. (Pubitemid 23067445)
15. Korff T, Romer LM, Mayhew I, Martin JC. Effect of pedaling technique on mechanical effectiveness and efficiency in cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(6):991-5. (Pubitemid 46883471)
16. Leirdal S, Ettema G. Freely chosen pedal rate during free cycling on a roller and ergometer cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009; 106(6):799-805.
17. Lorås H, Leirdal S, Ettema G. Force effectiveness during cycling at different pedaling rates. J Appl Biomech. 2009;25:85-92.
18. Patterson RP, Pearson JL. The influence of flywheel weight and pedalling frequency on the biomechanics and physiological response to bicycle exercise. Ergonomics. 1983;26(7):659-68.
19. Samozino P, Nicolas H, Hintzy F. Interactions between cadence and power output effects on mechanical efficiency during sub maximal cycling exercises. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006;97:133-9. (Pubitemid 43949797)
20. Sanderson DJ. The influence of cadence and power output on the biomechanics of force application during steady-rate cycling in competitive and recreational cyclists. J Sport Sci. 1991;9: 191-203.
21. Sanderson DJ, Black A. The effect of prolonged cycling on pedal forces. J Sport Sci. 2003;21:191-9. (Pubitemid 36410380)
22. Seaury JJ, Adams WC, Ramey MR. Influence of pedalling rate and power output on energy expenditure during bicycle ergometry. Ergonomics. 1977;20(5):491-8. (Pubitemid 8206062)
23. Zameziati K, Mornieux DR, Belli A. Relationship between the increase of effectiveness indexes and the increase of muscular efficiency with cycling power. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006; 96:274-81. (Pubitemid 43193027)