Age at death of patients with colorectal cancer and the effect of lead-time bias on survival in elective vs emergency surgery

Colorectal Disease

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 519-525

  Macdonald, A J ^a   Mcewan, H ^a   Mccabe, M ^a   Macdonald, A ^a  

^a MONKLANDS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Age at death; Colorectal; Lead time bias; Surgery; Survival

Indexed keywords

AGE; AGE AT DEATH; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER PATIENT; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; COLORECTAL CANCER; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTIVE SURGERY; EMERGENCY SURGERY; ERROR; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEAD TIME BIAS; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCREENING; SURGICAL MORTALITY;

AGE FACTORS; BIAS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; EMERGENCIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATE; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MALE; NEOPLASM STAGING; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SURGICAL PROCEDURES, ELECTIVE; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 79953318615     PISSN: 14628910     EISSN: 14631318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02183.x     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Reza MM, Blasco JA, Andradas E, Cantero R, Mayol J. Systematic review of laparoscopic versus open surgery for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2006; 93: 921-8.
2. Dukes CE. The classification of cancer of the rectum. J Pathol Bacteriol 1932; 35: 323-32.
3. Evans MD, Barton K, Rees A, Stamatakis JD, Karandikar SS. The impact of surgeon and pathologist on lymph node retrieval in colorectal cancer and its impact on survival for patients with Dukes' stage B disease. Colorectal Dis 2008; 10: 157-64.
4. Hall NR, Finan PJ, al-Jaberi T et al. Circumferential margin involvement after mesorectal excision of rectal cancer with curative intent. Predictor of survival but not local recurrence? Dis Colon Rectum 1998; 41: 979-83.
5. Compton CC, Fielding LP, Burgart LJ et al. Prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. College of American Pathologists Consensus Statement 1999. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000; 124: 979-94.
6. MacDermid E, Hooton G, MacDonald M et al. Improving patient survival with the colorectal cancer multi-disciplinary team. Colorectal Dis 2009; 11: 291-5.
7. Anderson JH, Hole D, McArdle CS. Elective versus emergency surgery for patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 1992; 79: 706-9.
8. Clark AJ, Stockton D, Elder A, Wilson RG, Dunlop MG. Assessment of outcomes after colorectal cancer resection in the elderly as a rationale for screening and early detection. Br J Surg 2004; 91: 1345-51.
9. Weller D, Coleman D, Robertson R et al. The UK colorectal cancer screening pilot: results of the second round of screening in England. Br J Cancer 2007; 97: 1601-5.
10. Shwartz M. Estimates of lead time and length bias in a breast cancer screening program. Cancer 1980; 46: 844-51.
11. Hart AR, Wicks AC, Mayberry JF. Colorectal cancer screening in asymptomatic populations. Gut 1995; 36: 590-8.
12. Hardcastle JD, Thomas WM, Chamberlain J et al. Randomised, controlled trial of faecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer. Results for first 107, 349 subjects. Lancet 1989; 1: 1160-4.
13. Kay BR, Witte DL. The impact of cancer biology, lead time bias, and length bias in the debate about cancer screening tests. J Ins Med 1991; 23: 102-4.
14. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007; 39: 175-91.
15. Gross CP, McAvay GJ, Krumholz HM, Paltiel AD, Bhasin D, Tinetti ME. The effect of age and chronic illness on life expectancy after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer: implications for screening. Annals Int Med 2006; 145: 646-53.
16. Violi V, Pietra N, Grattarola M et al. Curative surgery for colorectal cancer: long-term results and life expectancy in the elderly. Dis Colon Rectum 1998; 41: 291-8.
17. McArdle CS, Hole DJ. Emergency presentation of colorectal cancer is associated with poor 5-year survival. Br J Surg 2004; 91: 605-9.
18. Waldron RP, Donovan IA, Drumm J, Mottram SN, Tedman S. Emergency presentation and mortality from colorectal cancer in the elderly. Br J Surg 1986; 73: 214-6.
19. Parramore JB, Wei JP, Yeh KA. Colorectal cancer in patients under forty: presentation and outcome. Am Surg 1998; 64: 563-7; discussion 567-8.
20. Clark D, McKeon A, Sutton M, Wood R. (2006).Healthy Life Expectancy in Scotland. ( (last accessed 18 Aug 2009).
21. Thompson SG, Ashton HA, Gao L, Scott RAP; Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study Group. RAP. Screening men for abdominal aortic aneurysm: 10year mortality and cost effectiveness results from the randomised Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study. BMJ 2009; 338: b2307.
22. McLaren E. Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Is screening cost effective? BMJ 2009; 339: b3040.
23. West RR. Cervical cancer: age at registration and age at death. Br J Cancer 1977; 35: 236-41.
24. Hewitson P, Glasziou P, Irwig L, Towler B, Watson E. Screening for colorectal cancer using the faecal occult blood test, Hemoccult. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; 1: CD001216.
25. Westlake S, Cooper N. Cancer incidence and mortality: trends in the United Kingdom and constituent countries, 1993 to 2004. Health Stat Quarter 2008; 38: 33-46.