The effects of slope and fuel bed width on laboratory fire behaviour

International Journal of Wildland Fire

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 272-288

  Dupuy, J L ^a   Marechal J ^a   Portier, D ^a   Valette, J C ^a  

^a French National Institute for Agriculture   (France)

Author keywords

fire whirl; Pinus halepensis

Indexed keywords

PINUS HALEPENSIS;

EID: 79953285786     PISSN: 10498001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/WF09075     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Albini FA (1981) A model for the wind-blown flame from a line fire. Combustion and Flame 43, 155-174. doi:10.1016/0010-2180(81)90014-6
2. Atkinson GT, Drysdale DD, Wu Y (1995) Fire driven flow in an inclined trench. Fire Safety Journal 25, 141-158. doi:10.1016/0379-7112(95)00039-9
3. Beer T (1991) The interaction of wind and fire. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 54, 287-308. doi:10.1007/BF00183958
4. Bullen ML, Thomas PH (1979) Compartment fires with non-cellulosic fuels. In 'Proceedings of the 17th Symposium International of Combustion', 20-25 August 1978, Leeds, UK. pp. 1139-1148. (The Combustion Institute: Pittsburgh, PA)
5. Byram GM, Martin RE (1970) The modeling of fire whirlwinds. Forest Science 16(4), 386-399.
6. Cheney NP, Gould JS, Catchpole WR (1993) The influence of fuel, weather and fire shape variables on fire-spread in grasslands. International Journal of Wildland Fire 3(1), 31-44. doi:10.1071/WF9930031
7. Countryman C (1964) Mass fires and fire behavior. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Research Paper PSW-19. (Berkeley, CA)
8. Drysdale DD (1998) 'An Introduction to Fire Dynamics.' 2nd edn. (Wiley: Chichester, UK)
9. Drysdale DD, Macmillan AJR (1992) Flame spread on inclined surfaces. Fire Safety Journal 18, 245-254. doi:10.1016/0379-7112(92)90018-8
10. Dupuy J-L (1995) Slope and fuel load effects on fire behaviour: laboratory experiments in pine needles fuel beds. International Journal of Wildland Fire 5(3), 153-164. doi:10.1071/WF9950153
11. Dupuy J-L (1997) Mieux comprendre et prédire la propagation des feux de foréts: expérimentation, test et proposition de modèles. PhD thesis, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon.
12. Dupuy J-L, Maréchal J (2011) Slope effect on laboratory fire spread: contribution of radiation and convection to fuel bed pre-heating. International Journal of Wildland Fire 20, 289-307. doi:10.1071/WF09076
13. Dupuy J-L, Maréchal J, Morvan D (2003) Fires from a cylindrical forest fuel burner: combustion dynamics and flame properties. Combustion and Flame 135, 65-76. doi:10.1016/S0010-2180(03)00147-0 (Pubitemid 37211286)
14. Dupuy J-L, Vachet P, Maréchal J, Meléndez J, de Castro AJ (2007) Thermal infrared emission - transmission measurements in flames from a cylindrical forest fuel burner. International Journal of Wildland Fire 16, 324-340. doi:10.1071/WF06043 (Pubitemid 47143520)
15. Fernandes PM, Botelho HS, Rego F, Loureiro C (2009) Empirical modelling of surface fire behaviour in maritime pine stands. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, 698-710. doi:10.1071/WF08023
16. Forestry Canada Fire Danger Group (1992) Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction System. Forestry Canada, Science and Sustainable Development Directorate, Information report ST-X-3. (Ottawa, ON)
17. Guijarro M, Madrigal J, Hernando C, Diez C, Dupuy J-L, Vachet P, Maréchal J, Aranda JM, Meléndez J, Lopez F (2006) Comparison of temperature measurements with thermocouples and infrared camera. In 'Proceedings of the V International Conference on Forest Fire Research', 27-30 November 2006, Coimbra, Portugal. (Ed. DX Viegas) (CD-ROM) (Elsevier: Amsterdam)
18. IFFN (2000) Gestosa 2000: experimental fires in shrub vegetation in Central Portugal. International Forest Fire news, no. 23. (Ed. JG Goldammer) pp. 102-105. (Food and Agriculture Organization and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe: Geneva)
19. Johnson JD (1984)Arapid technique for estimating total surface area of pine needles. Forest Science 30, 913-921.
20. Marcelli T, Santoni PA, Simeoni A, Leoni E, Porterie B (2004) Fire spread across pine-needle fuel beds: characterization of temperature and velocity distributions within the fire plume. International Journal of Wildland Fire 13(1), 37-48. doi:10.1071/WF02065 (Pubitemid 38658993)
21. McArthur AG (1966) Weather and grassland fire behaviour. Department of National Development, Forestry and Timber Bureau, Leaflet no. 107. (Canberra, ACT)
22. Mendes-Lopes JMC, Ventura JMP (2006) Flame characteristics in fires propagating in beds of Pinus halepensis needles. In 'Proceedings of the V International Conference on Forest Fire Research', 27-30 November 2006, Coimbra, Portugal. (Ed. DX Viegas) (CD-ROM) (Elsevier: Amsterdam)
23. Mendes-Lopes JMC, Ventura JMP, Amaral JMP (2003) Flame characteristics, temperature-time curves, and rate of spread in fires propagating in a bed of Pinus pinaster needles. International Journal of Wildland Fire 12, 67-84. doi:10.1071/WF02063 (Pubitemid 36439758)
24. Morandini F, Santoni P-A, Balbi J-H (2001) The contribution of radiant heat transfer to laboratory-scale fire spread under the influences of wind and slope. Fire Safety Journal 36, 519-543. doi:10.1016/S0379-7112(00)00064-3 (Pubitemid 32590535)
25. Moro C (2006a) Détermination des caractéristiques physiques de particules de quelques espèces forestières méditerranéennes. INRA-URFM, Document PIF2006-06. (Avignon, France)
26. Moro C (2006b) Teneurs en cendres de quelques espèces forestières méditerranéennes. INRA-URFM, Document PIF2006-08. (Avignon, France)
27. Nelson RM (2002) An effective wind speed for models of fire spread. International Journal of Wildland Fire 11, 153-161. doi:10.1071/WF02031
28. Nelson RM (2003) Reaction times and burning rates for wind-tunnel headfires. International Journal of Wildland Fire 12, 195-211. doi:10.1071/WF02041
29. Nelson RM, Adkins CW (1986) Flame characteristics of wind-driven surface fires. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, 1293-1300. doi:10.1139/X86-229
30. Nelson RM, Adkins CW (1987) A dimensionless correlation for the spread of wind-driven fires. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, 391-397.
31. Noble IR, Bary GA, Gill AM (1980) McArthur's fire danger meters expressed as equations. Australian Journal of Ecology 5, 201-203. doi:10.1111/J.1442- 9993.1980.TB01243.X
32. Rothermel RC (1972) A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Research Paper INT-115. (Ogden, UT)
33. Sharples JJ (2008) Review of formal methodologies for wind-slope correction of wildfire rate of spread. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, 179-193. doi:10.1071/WF06156
34. Thomas PH(1963) The size of flames fromnatural fires. In 'Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium of Combustion', 27 August-1 September 1962, Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 844-859. (Academic Press: New York)
35. Van Wagner CE (1968) Fire behaviour mechanisms in a red pine plantation: field and laboratory evidence. In 'Congress of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations', 4-9 September 1967, Munich, Germany. Canadian Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Forestry Branch Departmental Publication no. 1229.
36. Van Wagner CE (1977) Effect of slope on fire spread rate. Canadian Forestry Service Bi-monthly Research Notes 33(1).
37. Vega JA, Cuinas P, Fonturbel T, Perez-Gorostiaga P, Fernandez C (1998) Predicting fire behaviour in Galician (NW Spain) shrubland fuel complexes. In 'Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Forest Fire Research', 16-20 November 1998, Luso, Portugal. (Ed.DX Viegas) pp. 713-728. (ADAI (Associaçao para o Desenvolvimento da Aerodinamica Industrial): Coimbra, Portugal)
38. Viegas DX (2002) Fire line rotation as a mechanism for fire spread on a uniform slope. International Journal of Wildland Fire 11, 11-23. doi:10.1071/WF01049
39. Viegas DX (2006) Parametric study of an eruptive fire behaviour model. International Journal of Wildland Fire 15, 169-177. doi:10.1071/WF05050
40. Viegas DX, Varela VGM, Borges CP (1994) On the evolution of a linear fire front in a slope. In 'Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Forest Fire Research', 21-24 November 1994, Coimbra, Portugal. (Ed. DX Viegas) pp. 301-318. (ADAI (Associaçao para o Desenvolvimento da Aerodinamica Industrial): Coimbra, Portugal)
41. Viegas DX, Palheiro PM, Pita LP, Ribeiro LM, Cruz MG, Ollera A, Arrue B, Ramiro MD (2006) Analysis of fire behaviour in Mediterranean shrubs: the Gestosa fire experiments (Portugal). In 'Proceedings of the V International Conference on Forest Fire Research', 27-30 November 2006, Coimbra, Portugal. (Ed. DX Viegas) (CD-ROM) (Elsevier: Amsterdam)
42. Weise DR, Biging GS (1997)Aqualitative comparison of fire spread models incorporating wind and slope effects. Forest Science 43(2), 170-180. (Pubitemid 27268934)
43. Wotton BM, Martin TL (1998). Temperature variation in vertical flames from a surface fire. In 'Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Forest Fire Research and 14th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology', 16-20 November 1998, Luso, Portugal. pp. 533-545. (ADAI (Associaçao para o Desenvolvimento da Aerodinamica Industrial): Coimbra, Portugal)
44. Wotton BM, McAlpine RS, Hobbs MW (1999) The effect of fire front width on surface fire behaviour. International Journal of Wildland Fire 9(4), 247-253. doi:10.1071/WF00021