The streptococcus pneumoniae capsule is required for full virulence in pneumococcal endophthalmitis

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Volumn 52, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 865-872

  Sanders, Melissa E ^a   Norcross, Erin W ^a   Robertson, Zachary M ^a   Moore, Quincy C ^a   Fratkin, Jonathan ^a   Marquart, Mary E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; MYELOPEROXIDASE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; CYTOKINE; MESSENGER RNA; PEROXIDASE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL MEMBRANE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; COLONY FORMING UNIT; CONTROLLED STUDY; NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PNEUMOCOCCAL ENDOPHTHALMITIS; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RABBIT; SLIT LAMP; STRAIN DIFFERENCE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; UPREGULATION; ANIMAL; BACTERIAL COUNT; BACTERIAL EYE INFECTION; CELL MOTION; ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY; ENDOPHTHALMITIS; GENETICS; INTRAVITREAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; NEUTROPHIL; PATHOGENICITY; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; VIRULENCE; VITREOUS BODY;

ANIMALS; BACTERIAL CAPSULES; CELL MOVEMENT; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; CYTOKINES; ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY; ENDOPHTHALMITIS; EYE INFECTIONS, BACTERIAL; INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS; NEUTROPHILS; PEROXIDASE; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; RABBITS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, MESSENGER; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; VIRULENCE; VITREOUS BODY;

EID: 79953276134     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: 15525783     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5513     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Mao LK, Flynn HW, Miller JD, Pflugfelder SC. Endophthalmitis caused by streptococcal species. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992;110:798-801.
2. Miller JJ, Scott IU, Flynn HW, Smiddy WE, Corey RP, Miller D. Endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Am J Oph-thalmol. 2004;138:231-236.
3. Nouri M, Terada H, Alfonso EC, Foster S, Durand ML, Dohlman CH. Endophthalmitis after keratoprosthesis: incidence, bacterial causes, and risk factors. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:484-489.
4. Soriano F, Perez-Trallero E, Pallares R, et al. Streptococcus pneu-moniae endophthalmitis: a study of 36 cases with special reference to antibiotic resistance and treatment options. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;2:519-526.
5. Ng EW, Samiy N, Cousins FV, et al. Implication of pneumolysin as a virulence factor in Streptococcus pneumoniae endophthalmitis. Retina. 1997;17:521-529.
6. Ng EW, Costa JR, Samiy N, et al. Contribution of pneumolysin and autolysin to the pathogenesis of experimental pneumococcal en-dophthalmitis. Retina. 2002;22:622-632.
7. Johnson SE, Rubin L, Romero-Steiner S, et al. Correlation of op-sonophagocytosis and passive protection assays using human an-ticapsular antibodies in an infant mouse model of bacteremia for Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:133-140.
8. Kadioglu A, Taylor S, Iannelli F, Pozzi G, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW. Upper and lower respiratory tract infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae is affected by pneumolysin deficiency and differences in capsule type. Infect Immun. 2002;70:2886-2890.
9. Lindberg J, Fangel S. Recurrent endocarditis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Scand J Infect Dis. 1999;31:409-410.
10. Llull D, Lopez R, Garcia E. Genetic bases and medical relevance of capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in pathogenic streptococci. Curr Mol Med. 2001;1:475-491.
11. Varon E. Severe pneumococcal infections: virulence aspects. Arch Pediatr. 2001;8(suppl 4):752s-756s.
12. Magee AD, Yother J. Requirement for capsule in colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun. 2001;69:3755-3761.
13. Robbins JB, Lee CJ, Schiffman G, et al. Considerations for formulating the second- generation pneumococcal capsular polysaccha-ride vaccine with emphasis on the cross-reactive types within groups. J Infect Dis. 1983;148:1136-1159.
14. Shapiro ED, Berg AT, Austrian R, et al. The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1453-1460.
15. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommendations for the prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in infants and children: use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). Pediatrics. 2010;126:186-190.
16. Reed JM, O'Callaghan RJ, Girgis DO, McCormick CC, Caballero AR, Marquart ME. Ocular virulence of capsule-deficient Streptococcus pneumoniae in a rabbit keratitis model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:604-608.
17. Shayegani M, Parsons LM, Gibbons WE, Campbell D. Characterization of nontypable Streptococcus pneumoniae-like organisms isolated from outbreaks of conjunctivitis. J Clin Microbiol. 1982; 16:8-14.
18. Martin M, Turco JH, Zegans ME, et al. An outbreak of conjunctivitis due to atypical Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348:1112-1121.
19. Crum NF, Barrozo CP, Chapman FA, Ryan MA, Russell KL. An outbreak of conjunctivitis due to a novel unencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae among military trainees. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1148-1154.
20. Buck JM, Shapiro M, Glennen A, et al. A community outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by nontypeable Streptococcus pneumoniae in Minnesota. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25:906-911.
21. Hanage WP, Kaijaleinen T, Saukkoriipi A, Rickcord JL, Spratt BG. A successful, diverse disease-associated lineage of nontypeable pneu-mococci that has lost the capsular biosynthesis locus. J Clin Mi-crobiol. 2006;44:743-749.
22. Biagini RE, Schlottmann SA, Sammons DL, et al. Method for simultaneous measurement of antibodies to 23 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003;10:744-750.
23. Pai R, Gertz RE, Beall B. Sequential multiplex PCR approach for determining capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:124-131.
24. Sung CK, Claverys JP, Morrison DA. An rpsL cassette, Janus, for gene replacement through negative selection in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Appl Envir Microbiol. 2001;67:5190-5196.
25. Trzcinski K, Thompson CM, Lipsitch M. Construction of otherwise isogenic serotype 6B, 7F, 14, and 19F capsular variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae strain TIGR4. Appl Envir Microbiol. 2003;69: 7364-7370.
26. Norcross EW, Tullos NA, Taylor SD, Sanders ME, Marquart ME. Assessment of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule in conjunctivitis and keratitis in vivo: neuraminidase activity increases in non-encapsulated pneumococci following conjunctival infection. Curr Eye Res. 2010;35:787-798.
27. Pozzi G, Masala L, Iannelli F, et al. Competence for genetic transformation in encapsulated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae: two allelic variants of the peptide pheromone. J Bacteriol. 1996; 178:6087-6090.
28. Callegan MC, Booth MC, Jett BD, Gilmore MS. Pathogenesis of gram-positive bacterial endophthalmitis. Infect Immun. 1999;67: 3348-3356.
29. Hobden JA, Hill JM, Engel LS, et al. Age and therapeutic outcome of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis treated with ciprofloxacin, prednisolone, and flurbiprofen. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993;37:1856-1859.
30. Ramirez K, Huerta R, Oswald E, et al. Role of EspA and intimin in expression of proinflammatory cytokines from enterocytes and lymphocytes by rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-infected rabbits. Infect Immun. 2005;73:103-113.
31. Johnson MK, Hobden JA, Hagenah M, et al. The role of pneumo-lysin in ocular infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Curr Eye Res. 1990;9:1107-1114.
32. Tweten RK. Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, a family of versatile pore-forming toxins. Infect Immun. 2005;73:6199-6209.
33. Mazmanian SK, Kasper DL. The love-hate relationship between bacterial polysaccharides and the host immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006;6:849-858.
34. Yoshida K, Ekstedt RD. Antibody response to Staphylococcus aureus in rabbits: sequence of immunoglobulin synthesis and its correlation with passive protection in mice. J Bacteriol. 1968;96: 1540-1545.
35. Metrikin DC, Wilson CA, Berkowitz BA, Lam MK, Wood GK, Peshock RM. Measurement of blood-retinal barrier breakdown in endotoxin-induced endophthalmitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:1361-1370.
36. Winkelstein JA, Abramovitz AS, Tomasz A. Activation of C3 via the alternative complement pathway results in fixation of C3b to the pneumococcal cell wall. J Immunol. 1980;124:2502-2506.
37. Brown EJ, Hosea SW, Frank MM. The role of antibody and complement in the reticuloendothelial clearance of pneumo-cocci from the bloodstream. Rev Infect Dis. 1983;5(suppl 4): S797-S805.
38. Abeyta M, Hardy GG, Yother J. Genetic alteration of capsule type but not PspA type affects accessibility of surface-bound complement and surface antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun. 2003;71:218-225.
39. Cursiefen C. Immune privilege and angiogenic privilege of the cornea. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2007;92:50-57.
40. Giese MJ, Sumner HL, Berliner JA, et al. Cytokine expression in a rat model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. Invest Oph-thalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:2785-2790.
41. Petropoulos IK, Vantzou CV, Lamari FN, et al. Expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma in Staphylococcus epidermi-dis slime-positive experimental endophthalmitis is closely related to clinical inflammatory scores. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthal-mol. 2006;244:1322-1328.
42. Bootsma HJ, Egmont-Petersen M, Hermans PWM. Analysis of the in vitro transcriptional response of human pharyngeal epithelial cells to adherent Streptococcus pneumoniae: evidence for a distinct response to encapsulated strains. Infect Immun. 2007;75:5489-5499.
43. Fiorentino DF, Zlotnick A, Viera P, et al. IL-10 acts on the antigen-presenting cell to inhibit cytokine production by Th1 cells. J Immunol. 1991;146:3444-3451.
44. Colditz I, Zwahlen R, Dewald B, et al. In vivo inflammatory activity of neutrophil- activating factor by monomeric interleukin-8. Am J Pathol. 1989;134:755-760.
45. Hyams C, Camberlein E, Cohen JM, et al. The Streptococcus pneu-moniae capsule inhibits complement activity and neutrophil phagocytosis by multiple mechanisms. Infect Immun. 2010;78: 704-715.