메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2011, Pages

Blood meal-derived heme decreases ROS levels in the midgut of Aedes aegypti and allows proliferation of intestinal microbiota

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEME; HEMOGLOBIN; PROTEIN KINASE C; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SUGAR; INSECT PROTEIN;

EID: 79953268681     PISSN: 15537366     EISSN: 15537374     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001320     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (216)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 38949153861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immune homeostasis by the homeobox gene caudal and commensal-gut mutualism in Drosophila
    • Ryu JH, Kim SH, Lee HY, Bai JY, Nam YD, et al. (2008) Innate immune homeostasis by the homeobox gene caudal and commensal-gut mutualism in Drosophila. Science 319: 777-782.
    • (2008) Science , vol.319 , pp. 777-782
    • Ryu, J.H.1    Kim, S.H.2    Lee, H.Y.3    Bai, J.Y.4    Nam, Y.D.5
  • 2
    • 48249112228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Aedes aegypti toll pathway controls dengue virus infection
    • Xi Z, Ramirez JL, Dimopoulos G, (2008) The Aedes aegypti toll pathway controls dengue virus infection. PLoS Pathog 4: e1000098.
    • (2008) PLoS Pathog , vol.4
    • Xi, Z.1    Ramirez, J.L.2    Dimopoulos, G.3
  • 3
    • 67249119415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implication of the mosquito midgut microbiota in the defense against malaria parasites
    • Dong Y, Manfredini F, Dimopoulos G, (2009) Implication of the mosquito midgut microbiota in the defense against malaria parasites. PLoS Pathog 5: e1000423.
    • (2009) PLoS Pathog , vol.5
    • Dong, Y.1    Manfredini, F.2    Dimopoulos, G.3
  • 4
    • 70049114176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anopheles gambiae PGRPLC-mediated defense against bacteria modulates infections with malaria parasites
    • Meister S, Agianian B, Turlure F, Relogio A, Morlais I, et al. (2009) Anopheles gambiae PGRPLC-mediated defense against bacteria modulates infections with malaria parasites. PLoS Pathog 5: e1000542.
    • (2009) PLoS Pathog , vol.5
    • Meister, S.1    Agianian, B.2    Turlure, F.3    Relogio, A.4    Morlais, I.5
  • 5
    • 11244343895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An antioxidant system required for host protection against gut infection in Drosophila
    • Ha EM, Oh CT, Ryu JH, Bae YS, Kang SW, et al. (2005) An antioxidant system required for host protection against gut infection in Drosophila. Dev Cell 8: 125-132.
    • (2005) Dev Cell , vol.8 , pp. 125-132
    • Ha, E.M.1    Oh, C.T.2    Ryu, J.H.3    Bae, Y.S.4    Kang, S.W.5
  • 6
    • 27644498442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A direct role for dual oxidase in Drosophila gut immunity
    • Ha EM, Oh CT, Bae YS, Lee WJ, (2005) A direct role for dual oxidase in Drosophila gut immunity. Science 310: 847-850.
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 847-850
    • Ha, E.M.1    Oh, C.T.2    Bae, Y.S.3    Lee, W.J.4
  • 7
    • 61749104447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of DUOX by the Galphaq-phospholipase Cbeta-Ca2+ pathway in Drosophila gut immunity
    • Ha EM, Lee KA, Park SH, Kim SH, Nam HJ, et al. (2009) Regulation of DUOX by the Galphaq-phospholipase Cbeta-Ca2+ pathway in Drosophila gut immunity. Dev Cell 16: 386-397.
    • (2009) Dev Cell , vol.16 , pp. 386-397
    • Ha, E.M.1    Lee, K.A.2    Park, S.H.3    Kim, S.H.4    Nam, H.J.5
  • 8
    • 69049088645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordination of multiple dual oxidase-regulatory pathways in responses to commensal and infectious microbes in drosophila gut
    • Ha EM, Lee KA, Seo YY, Kim SH, Lim JH, et al. (2009) Coordination of multiple dual oxidase-regulatory pathways in responses to commensal and infectious microbes in drosophila gut. Nat Immunol 10: 949-957.
    • (2009) Nat Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 949-957
    • Ha, E.M.1    Lee, K.A.2    Seo, Y.Y.3    Kim, S.H.4    Lim, J.H.5
  • 9
    • 0344630287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of reactive oxygen species on Plasmodium melanotic encapsulation in Anopheles gambiae
    • Kumar S, Christophides GK, Cantera R, Charles B, Han YS, et al. (2003) The role of reactive oxygen species on Plasmodium melanotic encapsulation in Anopheles gambiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100: 14139-14144.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.100 , pp. 14139-14144
    • Kumar, S.1    Christophides, G.K.2    Cantera, R.3    Charles, B.4    Han, Y.S.5
  • 10
    • 41249085856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species modulate Anopheles gambiae immunity against bacteria and Plasmodium
    • Molina-Cruz A, DeJong RJ, Charles B, Gupta L, Kumar S, et al. (2008) Reactive oxygen species modulate Anopheles gambiae immunity against bacteria and Plasmodium. J Biol Chem 283: 3217-3223.
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.283 , pp. 3217-3223
    • Molina-Cruz, A.1    DeJong, R.J.2    Charles, B.3    Gupta, L.4    Kumar, S.5
  • 11
    • 77950234253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A peroxidase/dual oxidase system modulates midgut epithelial immunity in Anopheles gambiae
    • Kumar S, Molina-Cruz A, Gupta L, Rodrigues J, Barillas-Mury C, (2010) A peroxidase/dual oxidase system modulates midgut epithelial immunity in Anopheles gambiae. Science 327: 1644-1648.
    • (2010) Science , vol.327 , pp. 1644-1648
    • Kumar, S.1    Molina-Cruz, A.2    Gupta, L.3    Rodrigues, J.4    Barillas-Mury, C.5
  • 12
    • 0033973712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The heme synthesis and degradation pathways: role in oxidant sensitivity. Heme oxygenase has both pro- and antioxidant properties
    • Ryter SW, Tyrrell RM, (2000) The heme synthesis and degradation pathways: role in oxidant sensitivity. Heme oxygenase has both pro- and antioxidant properties. Free Radic Biol Med 28: 289-309.
    • (2000) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.28 , pp. 289-309
    • Ryter, S.W.1    Tyrrell, R.M.2
  • 13
    • 0036682472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro-oxidant and cytotoxic effects of circulating heme
    • Jeney V, Balla J, Yachie A, Varga Z, Vercellotti GM, et al. (2002) Pro-oxidant and cytotoxic effects of circulating heme. Blood 100: 879-887.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 879-887
    • Jeney, V.1    Balla, J.2    Yachie, A.3    Varga, Z.4    Vercellotti, G.M.5
  • 16
    • 33747090621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the Aedes aegypti peritrophic matrix protein AeIMUCI as a heme-binding protein
    • Devenport M, Alvarenga PH, Shao L, Fujioka H, Bianconi ML, et al. (2006) Identification of the Aedes aegypti peritrophic matrix protein AeIMUCI as a heme-binding protein. Biochemistry 45: 9540-9549.
    • (2006) Biochemistry , vol.45 , pp. 9540-9549
    • Devenport, M.1    Alvarenga, P.H.2    Shao, L.3    Fujioka, H.4    Bianconi, M.L.5
  • 18
    • 34250202215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biglutaminyl-biliverdin IX alpha as a heme degradation product in the dengue fever insect-vector Aedes aegypti
    • Pereira LO, Oliveira PL, Almeida IC, Paiva-Silva GO, (2007) Biglutaminyl-biliverdin IX alpha as a heme degradation product in the dengue fever insect-vector Aedes aegypti. Biochemistry 46: 6822-6829.
    • (2007) Biochemistry , vol.46 , pp. 6822-6829
    • Pereira, L.O.1    Oliveira, P.L.2    Almeida, I.C.3    Paiva-Silva, G.O.4
  • 19
    • 0035490861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen peroxide detoxification in the midgut of the blood-sucking insect, Rhodnius prolixus
    • Paes MC, Oliveira MB, Oliveira PL, (2001) Hydrogen peroxide detoxification in the midgut of the blood-sucking insect, Rhodnius prolixus. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 48: 63-71.
    • (2001) Arch Insect Biochem Physiol , vol.48 , pp. 63-71
    • Paes, M.C.1    Oliveira, M.B.2    Oliveira, P.L.3
  • 20
    • 33845392764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress impairs heme detoxification in the midgut of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
    • Citelli M, Lara FA, da Silva VI Jr, Oliveira PL, (2007) Oxidative stress impairs heme detoxification in the midgut of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Mol Biochem Parasitol 151: 81-88.
    • (2007) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.151 , pp. 81-88
    • Citelli, M.1    Lara, F.A.2    da Silva Jr., V.I.3    Oliveira, P.L.4
  • 21
    • 0028922602 scopus 로고
    • A heme-binding protein from hemolymph and oocytes of the blood-sucking insect, Rhodnius prolixus. Isolation and characterization
    • Oliveira PL, Kawooya JK, Ribeiro JM, Meyer T, Poorman R, et al. (1995) A heme-binding protein from hemolymph and oocytes of the blood-sucking insect, Rhodnius prolixus. Isolation and characterization. J Biol Chem 270: 10897-10901.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 10897-10901
    • Oliveira, P.L.1    Kawooya, J.K.2    Ribeiro, J.M.3    Meyer, T.4    Poorman, R.5
  • 22
    • 33744962865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redefining oxidative stress
    • Jones DP, (2006) Redefining oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 8: 1865-1879.
    • (2006) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.8 , pp. 1865-1879
    • Jones, D.P.1
  • 23
    • 33644643191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The heme-Bach1 pathway in the regulation of oxidative stress response and erythroid differentiation
    • Igarashi K, Sun J, (2006) The heme-Bach1 pathway in the regulation of oxidative stress response and erythroid differentiation. Antioxid Redox Signal 8: 107-118.
    • (2006) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.8 , pp. 107-118
    • Igarashi, K.1    Sun, J.2
  • 24
    • 33947584856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of protein synthesis by the heme-regulated eIF2alpha kinase: relevance to anemias
    • Chen JJ, (2007) Regulation of protein synthesis by the heme-regulated eIF2alpha kinase: relevance to anemias. Blood 109: 2693-2699.
    • (2007) Blood , vol.109 , pp. 2693-2699
    • Chen, J.J.1
  • 25
    • 0030852948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of cellular 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction
    • Liu Y, Peterson DA, Kimura H, Schubert D, (1997) Mechanism of cellular 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction. J Neurochem 69: 581-593.
    • (1997) J Neurochem , vol.69 , pp. 581-593
    • Liu, Y.1    Peterson, D.A.2    Kimura, H.3    Schubert, D.4
  • 26
    • 33846311094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of DHE-derived oxidation products by HPLC in the assessment of superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity in vascular systems
    • Fernandes DC, Wosniak J, Pescatore LA, Bertoline MA, Liberman M, et al. (2007) Analysis of DHE-derived oxidation products by HPLC in the assessment of superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity in vascular systems. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292: C413-C422.
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.292
    • Fernandes, D.C.1    Wosniak, J.2    Pescatore, L.A.3    Bertoline, M.A.4    Liberman, M.5
  • 27
    • 70649112293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood-feeding induces reversible functional changes in flight muscle mitochondria of Aedes aegypti mosquito
    • Goncalves RL, Machado AC, Paiva-Silva GO, Sorgine MH, Momoli MM, et al. (2009) Blood-feeding induces reversible functional changes in flight muscle mitochondria of Aedes aegypti mosquito. PLoS One 4: e7854.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Goncalves, R.L.1    Machado, A.C.2    Paiva-Silva, G.O.3    Sorgine, M.H.4    Momoli, M.M.5
  • 28
    • 0035710746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method
    • Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD, (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25: 402-408.
    • (2001) Methods , vol.25 , pp. 402-408
    • Livak, K.J.1    Schmittgen, T.D.2
  • 29
    • 65549140168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The STAT pathway mediates late-phase immunity against Plasmodium in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae
    • Gupta L, Molina-Cruz A, Kumar S, Rodrigues J, Dixit R, et al. (2009) The STAT pathway mediates late-phase immunity against Plasmodium in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Cell Host Microbe 5: 498-507.
    • (2009) Cell Host Microbe , vol.5 , pp. 498-507
    • Gupta, L.1    Molina-Cruz, A.2    Kumar, S.3    Rodrigues, J.4    Dixit, R.5
  • 30
    • 0032211437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical evaluation of the use of hydroethidine as a measure of superoxide anion radical
    • Benov L, Sztejnberg L, Fridovich I, (1998) Critical evaluation of the use of hydroethidine as a measure of superoxide anion radical. Free Radic Biol Med 25: 826-831.
    • (1998) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.25 , pp. 826-831
    • Benov, L.1    Sztejnberg, L.2    Fridovich, I.3
  • 31
    • 0032783532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dihydrofluorescein diacetate is superior for detecting intracellular oxidants: comparison with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, 5(and 6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and dihydrorhodamine 123
    • Hempel SL, Buettner GR, O'Malley YQ, Wessels DA, Flaherty DM, (1999) Dihydrofluorescein diacetate is superior for detecting intracellular oxidants: comparison with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, 5(and 6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and dihydrorhodamine 123. Free Radic Biol Med 27: 146-159.
    • (1999) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.27 , pp. 146-159
    • Hempel, S.L.1    Buettner, G.R.2    O'Malley, Y.Q.3    Wessels, D.A.4    Flaherty, D.M.5
  • 32
    • 48449107159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiol chemistry and specificity in redox signaling
    • Winterbourn CC, Hampton MB, (2008) Thiol chemistry and specificity in redox signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 45: 549-561.
    • (2008) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.45 , pp. 549-561
    • Winterbourn, C.C.1    Hampton, M.B.2
  • 33
    • 0038369010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial commentary on "Superoxide reacts with hydroethidine but forms a fluorescent product that is distinctly different from ethidium: potential implications in intracellular fluorescence detection of superoxide" by H. Zhao et al
    • Fridovich I, (2003) Editorial commentary on "Superoxide reacts with hydroethidine but forms a fluorescent product that is distinctly different from ethidium: potential implications in intracellular fluorescence detection of superoxide" by H. Zhao et al. Free Radic Biol Med 34: 1357-1358.
    • (2003) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.34 , pp. 1357-1358
    • Fridovich, I.1
  • 34
    • 38149142769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of 2-hydroxyethidium in cellular systems: a unique marker product of superoxide and hydroethidine
    • Zielonka J, Vasquez-Vivar J, Kalyanaraman B, (2008) Detection of 2-hydroxyethidium in cellular systems: a unique marker product of superoxide and hydroethidine. Nat Protoc 3: 8-21.
    • (2008) Nat Protoc , vol.3 , pp. 8-21
    • Zielonka, J.1    Vasquez-Vivar, J.2    Kalyanaraman, B.3
  • 35
    • 0034306450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors
    • Davies SP, Reddy H, Caivano M, Cohen P, (2000) Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors. Biochem J 351: 95-105.
    • (2000) Biochem J , vol.351 , pp. 95-105
    • Davies, S.P.1    Reddy, H.2    Caivano, M.3    Cohen, P.4
  • 36
    • 0028884033 scopus 로고
    • PD 098059 is a specific inhibitor of the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase in vitro and in vivo
    • Alessi DR, Cuenda A, Cohen P, Dudley DT, Saltiel AR, (1995) PD 098059 is a specific inhibitor of the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 270: 27489-27494.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 27489-27494
    • Alessi, D.R.1    Cuenda, A.2    Cohen, P.3    Dudley, D.T.4    Saltiel, A.R.5
  • 37
    • 34547124879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress enzymes are required for DAF-16-mediated immunity due to generation of reactive oxygen species by Caenorhabditis elegans
    • Chavez V, Mohri-Shiomi A, Maadani A, Vega LA, Garsin DA, (2007) Oxidative stress enzymes are required for DAF-16-mediated immunity due to generation of reactive oxygen species by Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 176: 1567-1577.
    • (2007) Genetics , vol.176 , pp. 1567-1577
    • Chavez, V.1    Mohri-Shiomi, A.2    Maadani, A.3    Vega, L.A.4    Garsin, D.A.5
  • 38
    • 67651151196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced nitric oxide synthesis in the gut of Manduca sexta protects against oral infection by the bacterial pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens
    • Eleftherianos I, Felfoldi G, ffrench-Constant RH, Reynolds SE, (2009) Induced nitric oxide synthesis in the gut of Manduca sexta protects against oral infection by the bacterial pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens. Insect Mol Biol 18: 507-516.
    • (2009) Insect Mol Biol , vol.18 , pp. 507-516
    • Eleftherianos, I.1    Felfoldi, G.2    ffrench-Constant, R.H.3    Reynolds, S.E.4
  • 39
    • 35848957274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heme, heme oxygenase, and ferritin: how the vascular endothelium survives (and dies) in an iron-rich environment
    • Balla J, Vercellotti GM, Jeney V, Yachie A, Varga Z, et al. (2007) Heme, heme oxygenase, and ferritin: how the vascular endothelium survives (and dies) in an iron-rich environment. Antioxid Redox Signal 9: 2119-2137.
    • (2007) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.9 , pp. 2119-2137
    • Balla, J.1    Vercellotti, G.M.2    Jeney, V.3    Yachie, A.4    Varga, Z.5
  • 40
    • 0020524329 scopus 로고
    • A direct electron spin resonance and spin-trapping investigation of peroxyl free radical formation by hematin/hydroperoxide systems
    • Kalyanaraman B, Mottley C, Mason RP, (1983) A direct electron spin resonance and spin-trapping investigation of peroxyl free radical formation by hematin/hydroperoxide systems. J Biol Chem 258: 3855-3858.
    • (1983) J Biol Chem , vol.258 , pp. 3855-3858
    • Kalyanaraman, B.1    Mottley, C.2    Mason, R.P.3
  • 41
    • 0030031737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESR spin trapping investigation of radical formation from the reaction between hematin and tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
    • van der Zee J, Barr DP, Mason RP, (1996) ESR spin trapping investigation of radical formation from the reaction between hematin and tert-Butyl hydroperoxide. Free Radic Biol Med 20: 199-206.
    • (1996) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.20 , pp. 199-206
    • van der Zee, J.1    Barr, D.P.2    Mason, R.P.3
  • 45
    • 0030595339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spatzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults
    • Lemaitre B, Nicolas E, Michaut L, Reichhart JM, Hoffmann JA, (1996) The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spatzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults. Cell 86: 973-983.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.86 , pp. 973-983
    • Lemaitre, B.1    Nicolas, E.2    Michaut, L.3    Reichhart, J.M.4    Hoffmann, J.A.5
  • 46
    • 34047268684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Lemaitre B, Hoffmann J, (2007) The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster. Annu Rev Immunol 25: 697-743.
    • (2007) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 697-743
    • Lemaitre, B.1    Hoffmann, J.2
  • 47
    • 33747586778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An essential complementary role of NF-kappaB pathway to microbicidal oxidants in Drosophila gut immunity
    • Ryu JH, Ha EM, Oh CT, Seol JH, Brey PT, et al. (2006) An essential complementary role of NF-kappaB pathway to microbicidal oxidants in Drosophila gut immunity. EMBO J 25: 3693-3701.
    • (2006) EMBO J , vol.25 , pp. 3693-3701
    • Ryu, J.H.1    Ha, E.M.2    Oh, C.T.3    Seol, J.H.4    Brey, P.T.5
  • 48
    • 0015375080 scopus 로고
    • Catalase test as an aid to the identification of Enterobacteriaceae
    • Taylor WI, Achanzar D, (1972) Catalase test as an aid to the identification of Enterobacteriaceae. Appl Microbiol 24: 58-61.
    • (1972) Appl Microbiol , vol.24 , pp. 58-61
    • Taylor, W.I.1    Achanzar, D.2
  • 50
    • 0029328605 scopus 로고
    • Insect immunity: isolation of three novel inducible antibacterial defensins from the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti
    • Lowenberger C, Bulet P, Charlet M, Hetru C, Hodgeman B, et al. (1995) Insect immunity: isolation of three novel inducible antibacterial defensins from the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 25: 867-873.
    • (1995) Insect Biochem Mol Biol , vol.25 , pp. 867-873
    • Lowenberger, C.1    Bulet, P.2    Charlet, M.3    Hetru, C.4    Hodgeman, B.5
  • 51
    • 0035940495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gambicin: a novel immune responsive antimicrobial peptide from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
    • Vizioli J, Bulet P, Hoffmann JA, Kafatos FC, Muller HM, et al. (2001) Gambicin: a novel immune responsive antimicrobial peptide from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98: 12630-12635.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 12630-12635
    • Vizioli, J.1    Bulet, P.2    Hoffmann, J.A.3    Kafatos, F.C.4    Muller, H.M.5
  • 52
    • 0029278804 scopus 로고
    • Identification of early genes in the Drosophila immune response by PCR-based differential display: the Attacin A gene and the evolution of attacin-like proteins
    • Asling B, Dushay MS, Hultmark D, (1995) Identification of early genes in the Drosophila immune response by PCR-based differential display: the Attacin A gene and the evolution of attacin-like proteins. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 25: 511-518.
    • (1995) Insect Biochem Mol Biol , vol.25 , pp. 511-518
    • Asling, B.1    Dushay, M.S.2    Hultmark, D.3
  • 53
    • 0037077702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vampires, Pasteur and reactive oxygen species. Is the switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism a preventive antioxidant defence in blood-feeding parasites?
    • Oliveira PL, Oliveira MF, (2002) Vampires, Pasteur and reactive oxygen species. Is the switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism a preventive antioxidant defence in blood-feeding parasites? FEBS Lett 525: 3-6.
    • (2002) FEBS Lett , vol.525 , pp. 3-6
    • Oliveira, P.L.1    Oliveira, M.F.2
  • 54
    • 0036146824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of bacterial load by real-time PCR using a broad-range (universal) probe and primers set
    • Nadkarni MA, Martin FE, Jacques NA, Hunter N, (2002) Determination of bacterial load by real-time PCR using a broad-range (universal) probe and primers set. Microbiology 148: 257-266.
    • (2002) Microbiology , vol.148 , pp. 257-266
    • Nadkarni, M.A.1    Martin, F.E.2    Jacques, N.A.3    Hunter, N.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.