A review of magnetostrictive iron-gallium alloys

Smart Materials and Structures

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2011, Pages

  Atulasimha, Jayasimha ^a   Flatau, Alison B ^b  

^a Virginia Commonwealth University   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FE-GA ALLOY; IRON-GALLIUM ALLOY; LOW MAGNETIC FIELDS; MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIAL; RECENT PROGRESS; SENSING APPLICATIONS; STATE OF THE ART; USEFUL PROPERTIES;

CERIUM ALLOYS; GALLIUM; MAGNETIC FIELDS; MAGNETOSTRICTION; MAGNETOSTRICTIVE DEVICES; TENSILE STRENGTH;

GALLIUM ALLOYS;

EID: 79953239215     PISSN: 09641726     EISSN: 1361665X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0964-1726/20/4/043001     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Clark A E, Wun-Fogle M, Restorff J B and Lograsso T A 2001 Magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of galfenol alloys under large compressive stresses PRICM-4: Int. Symp. on Smart Materials-Fundamentals and System Applications, Pacific Rim Conf. on Advanced Materials and Processing (Honolulu, Hawaii)
2. Kellogg R A 2003 Development and modeling of iron-gallium alloys PhD Thesis Engineering Mechanics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa available online at: http://www.aero.umd.edu/~aflatau/TechPubs/Kellogg-2003-Dissertation.pdf
3. Jayaraman T V, Srisukhumbowornchai N, Guruswamy S and Free M L 2007 Corrosion studies of single crystals of iron-gallium alloys in aqueous environments Corros. Sci. 49 4015-27 (Pubitemid 47379672)
4. Clark A E, DeSavage B F and Bozorth R 1965 Anomalous thermal expansion and magnetostriction of single-crystal dysprosium Phys. Rev. 138 A216-24
5. Engdahl G 2000 Handbook of Giant Magnetostrictive Materials (Academic Press Series in Electromagnetism) (NewYork: Academic, A Harcourt Science and Technology Company)
6. 2 IEEE Trans. Magn. 13 4510-5
7. Clark A E, Hathaway K B, Wun-Fogle M, Restorff J B, Lograsso T A, Keppens V M, Petculescu G and Taylor R A 2003 Extraordinary magnetoelasticity and lattice softening in bcc Fe-Ga alloys J. Appl. Phys. 93 8621
8. 0.19 J. Appl. Phys. 91 7821 (Pubitemid 34636972)
9. Kellogg R A, Russell A M, Lograsso T A, Flatau A B, Clark A E and Wun-Fogle M 2004 Tensile properties of magnetostrictive iron-gallium alloys Acta Mater. 52 5043-50
10. Cullen J R, Clark A E, Wun-Fogle M, Restorff J B and Lograsso T A 2002 Magnetoelasticity of Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 226-30 948-9
11. x alloys J. Appl. Phys. 95 6942-4
12. Restorff J B, Wun-Fogle M, Clark A E, Lograsso T A, Ross A R and Schlagel D L 2002 Magnetostriction of ternary Fe-Ga-X alloys (X = Ni, Mo, Sn, Al) J. Appl. Phys. 91 8225
13. Dai L, Cullen J R, Wuttig M, Quandt E and Lograsso T A 2003 Magnetism, elasticity, and magnetostriction of FeCoGa alloys J. Appl. Phys. 93 8627-9
14. Summers E M, Lograsso T A and Wun-Fogle M 2007 Magnetostriction of binary and ternary Fe-Ga alloys J. Mater. Sci. 42 9582-94 (Pubitemid 47476454)
15. Huang M, Du Y, McQueeney R J and Lograsso T A 2010 Effect of carbon addition on the single crystalline magnetostriction of Fe-X (X = Al and Ga) alloys Appl. Phys. 107 053520
16. 3 chemical order in Fe-Ga alloys using high resolution x-ray diffraction Mater. Sci. Eng. A 416 240-5 (Pubitemid 43103175)
17. 19 thin films IEEE Trans. Magn. 38 2832-4 (Pubitemid 35444645)
18. Hattrick-Simpers J R et al 2008 Combinatorial investigation of magnetostriction in Fe-Ga and Fe-Ga-Al Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 102507
19. Zhao P, Zhao Z, Hunter D, Suchoski R, Gao C, Mathews S, Wuttig M and Takeuchi I 2009 Fabrication and characterization of all-thin-film magnetoelectric sensors Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 243507
20. McGary P D, Tan L, Zou J, Stadler B J H, Downey P and Flatau A 2006 Magnetic nanowires for acoustic sensors (invited) J. Appl. Phys. 99 08B310
21. Lupu N, Chiriac H and Pascariu P 2008 Electrochemical deposition of FeGa/NiFe magnetic multilayered films and nanowire arrays J. Appl.Phys. 103 07B511
22. Lupu N, Pascariu P, Gherasim C and Chiriac H 2008 Magnetic properties of electrodeposited FeGa/CoFeB multilayered films and nanowire arrays IEEE Trans. Magn. 44 3005-8
23. Atulasimha J and Flatau A B 2008 Experimental actuation and sensing behavior of single-crystal iron-gallium alloys J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 19 1371-81
24. Clark A E, Restorff J B, Wun-Fogle M, Lograsso T A and Schlagel D L 2000 Magnetostrictive properties of body-centered cubic Fe-Ga and Fe-Ga-Al alloys IEEE Trans. Magn. 36 3238-40 (Pubitemid 32384829)
25. x, 20 < x < 30 J. Appl. Phys. 105 07A913
26. Kubaschewski O 1982 Iron-Binary Phase Diagrams (Berlin: Springer)
27. Datta S, Huang M, Raim J, Lograsso T A and Flatau A B 2006 Effect of thermal history and gallium content on magnetomechanical properties of iron gallium alloys Mater. Sci. Eng. A 435-6 221-7 (Pubitemid 44458199)
28. 27.5 at.% Ga alloys J. Appl. Phys. 92 5371 (Pubitemid 35360735)
29. Rafique S, Cullen J R, Wuttig M and Cui J 2004 Magnetic anisotropy of FeGa alloys J. Appl. Phys. 95 6939-41
30. Maasalaski T (ed) 2002 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams 2nd edn (Materials Park, OH: ASM International)
31. Srisukhumbowornchai N and Guruswamy S 2004 Crystallographic textures in rolled and annealed Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys Metall. Mater. Trans. A 35A 2963
32. Na S M and Flatau A B 2005 Mangetostriction and surface energy induced selective grain growth in rolled galfenol doped with sulfur Proc. SPIE 5761 192-9 (Pubitemid 41336429)
33. Cheng S F, Das B N, Wun-Fogle M, Lubitz P and Clark A E 2002 Structure of melt-spun Fe-Ga-based magnetostrictive alloys IEEE Trans. Magn. 38 2838-40 (Pubitemid 35444646)
34. Na S M and Flatau A B 2008 Deformation behavior and magnetostriction of polycrystalline Fe-Ga-X, X = B, C, Mn, Mo, Nb, NbC,... alloys J. Appl. Phys. 103 07D304
35. Na S M and Flatau A B 2009 Abnormal (110) grain growth and magnetostriction in recrystallized galfenol with dispersed niobium carbide IEEE Trans. Magn. 45 4132
36. Summers E, Meloy R and Na S-M 2009 Magnetostriction and texture relationships in annealed galfenol alloys J. Appl. Phys. 105 07A922
37. Atulasimha J, Flatau A B and Summers E 2007 Characterization and energy-based model of the magnetomechanical behavior of polycrystalline iron-gallium alloys Smart Mater. Struct. 16 1265-76 (Pubitemid 47160818)
38. Summers E 2004 State of the art galfenol processing Galfenol Workshop held at the University of Maryland, College Park http://www.aerosmart.umd.edu/ Galfenol/2004presentations/Eric%20material%20Galfenol%20Day%20Slides- edited%20for%20content.pdf
39. Wun-Fogle M, Restorff J B, Leung K and Cullen J R 1999 Magnetostriction of terfenol-D heat treated under compressive stress IEEE Trans. Magn. 35 3817
40. Restorff J B et al 2006 Induced magnetic anisotropy in stress-annealed galfenol alloys IEEE Trans. Magn. 42 3087
41. Summers E M, Meloy R and Na S-M 2009 Galfenol alloying additions and the effects on uniaxial anisotropy generation J. Appl. Phys. 106 024914
42. Wun-Fogle M et al 2005 Stress annealing of Fe-Ga transduction alloys for operation under tension and compression J. Appl. Phys. 97 10M301
43. Wun-Fogle M, Restorff J B and Clark A E 2006 Magnetostriction of stress-annealed Fe-Ga and Fe-Ga-Al alloys under compressive and tensile stress J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 17 117
44. Yoo J-H, Restorff J B, Wun-Fogle M and Flatau A B 2008 The effect of magnetic field annealing on single crystal iron gallium alloy J. Appl. Phys. 103 07B325
45. Yoo J-H, Restorff J B, Wun-Fogle M and Flatau A B 2009 Induced magnetic anisotropy in stress-annealed galfenol laminated rods Smart Mater. Struct. 18 104004
46. Yoo J-H et al 2009 The effect of field annealing on highly textured polycrystalline galfenol strips IEEE Trans. Magn. 45 4145
47. (1.9-2.0) J. Appl. Phys. 81 2321
48. Atulasimha J, Flatau A B and Cullen J R 2008 Energy based quasi-static modeling of the actuation and sensing behavior of single-crystal iron-gallium alloys J. Appl. Phys. 103 014901
49. Bergqvist A and Engdahl G 1991 A stress-dependent magnetic Preisach hysteresis model Source IEEE Trans. Magn. 27 4796-8
50. Suzuki T and Matsumoto E 2004 Magnetoelastic behavior of ferromagnetic materials using stress dependent Preisach model based on continuum theory Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. 19 485-9
51. Jiles D C and Atherton D L 1983 Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis (invited) J. Appl. Phys. 55 2115-20
52. Jiles D C and Atherton D L 1984 Theory of the magnetization process in ferromagnets and its application to the magnetomechanical effect J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 17 1265-81 (Pubitemid 14611206)
53. Jiles D C and Thoelke J B 1989 Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis: determination of model parameters from experimental hysteresis loops IEEE Trans. Magn. 25 3928-30 (Pubitemid 20641572)
54. Jiles D C 1995 Theory of the magnetomechanical effect J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 28 1537
55. Jiles D C and Devine M K 1995 Law of approach as a means of modeling the magnetomechanical effect J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 140-144 1881-2
56. Li L and Jiles D C 2003 Modified law of approach for the magnetomechanical model: application of the Rayleigh law to the stress domain Digests of the Intermag Conf. pAD 11
57. Jiles D C and Li L 2004 A new approach to modeling the magnetomechanical effect J. Appl. Phys. 95 7058-60
58. Bergqvist A 1996 A simple vector generalization of the Jiles-Atherton model of hysteresis IEEE Trans. Magn. 32 4213-5 (Pubitemid 126772642)
59. Ramesh A, Jiles D C and Bi Y 1997 Generalization of hysteresis modeling to anisotropic materials J. Appl. Phys. 81 5585-7 (Pubitemid 127646686)
60. Raghunathan A, Melikhov Y, Snyder J and Jiles D C 2009 Generalized form of anhysteretic magnetization function for Jiles-Atherton theory of hysteresis Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 172510
61. Raghunathan A, Melikhov Y, Snyder J E and Jiles D C 2010 Theoretical model of temperature dependence of hysteresis based on mean field theory IEEE Trans. Magn. 46 1507-10
62. Zheng J, Cao S and Wang H 2008 Modeling of magnetomechanical effect behaviors in a giant magnetostrictive device under compressive stress Sensors Actuators A 143 204-14 (Pubitemid 351451833)
63. Smith R C, Dapino M J and Stefan S 2003 Free energy model for hysteresis in magnetostrictive transducers J. Appl. Phys. 93 458-66
64. Smith R C, Stefan S, Dapino M J and Zoubeida O 2006 A unified framework for modeling hysteresis in ferroic materials J. Mech. Phys. Solids 54 46-85 (Pubitemid 41654910)
65. Oates W 2007 Multiscale constitutive model development and finite element implementation for magnetostrictive materials Proc. IMECE IMECE2007-41801
66. Falk F 1982 Landau theory and martensitic phase transitions J. Physique 43 c4
67. Armstrong W D 2000 Non-linear deformation of magnetically dilute magnetostrictive particulate composites Mater. Sci. Eng. A 285 13-7
68. Armstrong W D 2002 A directional magnetization potential based model of magnetoelastic hysteresis J. Appl. Phys. 91 2202 (Pubitemid 34167757)
69. Armstrong W D 2003 Fully three-dimensional incremental model of magnetoelastic hysteresis in terfenol-D Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 5053 405-13
70. Armstrong W D 2003 An incremental theory of magnetoelastic hysteresis in pseudo-cubic ferro-magnetostrictive alloys J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 263 208-18
71. Chikazumi S 1964 Physics of Magnetism (New York: Wiley)
72. Atulasimha J, Flatau A B and Cullen J R 2008 Analysis of the effect of gallium content on the magnetomechanical behavior of single-crystal FeGA alloys using an energy-based model Smart Mater. Struct. 17 025027
73. Atulasimha J, Akhras G and Flatau A B 2008 Comprehensive three-dimensional hysteric magnetomechanical model and its validation with experimental 〈110〉 single-crystal iron-gallium behavior J. Appl. Phys. 103 07B336
74. Evans P G and Dapino M J 2008 State-space constitutive model for magnetization and magnetostriction of galfenol alloys IEEE Trans. Magn. 44 1711-20
75. Evans P G and Dapino M J 2009 Efficient model for field-induced magnetization and magnetostriction of galfenol J. Appl. Phys. 105 113901
76. Philip W and George A 2009 Modeling the quasistatic and dynamical sensing response of galfenol-based magnetostrictive devices Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 072504
77. Park W J, Son D R and Lee Z H 2002 Modeling of magnetostriction in grain aligned terfenol-D and preferred orientation change of terfenol-D dendrites J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 248 223-9
78. Datta S, Atulasimha J and Flatau A B 2009 Figures of merit of magnetostrictive single crystal iron-gallium alloys for actuator and sensor applications J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321 4017-31
79. Datta S, Atulasimha J, Mudivarthi C and Flatau A B 2010 Stress and magnetic field dependent Young's modulus in single crystal iron-gallium alloys J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322 2135-44
80. Mudivarthi C, Datta S, Atulasimha J, Evans P, Dapino M J and Flatau A B 2010 Anisotropy of constrained magnetostrictive materials J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322 3028-34
81. Mudivarthi C, Datta S, Atulasimha J and Flatau A B 2008 A fully coupled magnetoelastic model and its validation using a galfenol unimorph sensor Smart Mater. Struct. 17 035005
82. Datta S, Atulasimha J, Mudivarthi C and Flatau A B 2008 Modeling of magneto-mechanical sensors in laminated structures Smart Mater. Struct. 17 025010
83. Datta S, Atulasimha J, Mudivarthi C and Flatau A B 2009 Modeling of magneto-mechanical actuators in laminated structures J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 20 1121-35
84. Ueno T, Summers E M and Higuchi T 2007 Machining of iron-gallium alloy for microactuator Sensors Actuators A 137 134-40 (Pubitemid 46818939)
85. Ghodsi M, Ueno T, Teshima H, Hirano H, Higuchi T and Summers E 2007 Zero-power positioning actuator for cryogenic environments by combining magnetostrictive bimetal and HTS Sensors Actuators A 135 787-91 (Pubitemid 46518093)
86. Ueno T and Higuchi T 2008 Two-DOF micro-magnetostrictive bending actuator for wobbling motion IEEE Trans. Magn. 44 4078-80
87. Ueno T, Summers E M, Wun-Fogle M and Higuchi T 2008 Micro- magnetostrictive vibrator using iron gallium alloy Sensors Actuators A 148 280-4
88. Ueno T, Saito C, Imaizumi N and Higuchi T 2009 Miniature spherical motor using iron-gallium alloy (galfenol) Sensors Actuators A 154 92-6
89. Yoo J-H, Marschner U and Flatau A B 2005 Preliminary galfenol vibratory gyro-sensor design Proc. SPIE Smart Structures Conf., Smart Structures and Integrated Systems
90. Staley M E and Flatau A B 2005 Characterization of energy harvesting potential of terfenol-D and galfenol Proc. SPIE Smart Structures Conf., Smart Structures and Integrated Systems
91. Hale K and Flatau A B 2006 Galfenol tactile sensor array and visual mapping system Proc. SPIE Smart Structures Conf., Smart Structures and Integrated Systems
92. Evans P G and Dapino M J 2010 Efficient magnetic hysteresis model for field and stress application in magnetostrictive galfenol J. Appl. Phys. 107 063906