Eye-safe diode-laser-based micropulse differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for water vapor profiling in the lower troposphere

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 131-147

  Nehrir, Amin R ^a   Repasky, Kevin S ^a   Carlsten, John L ^b  

^a Montana State University   (United States)

^b MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AVERAGE POWER; CASSEGRAIN TELESCOPES; CONTINUOUS WAVES; CROSS SECTION; DIAL INSTRUMENT; DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDARS; DIODE-LASER; EXTERNAL-CAVITY DIODE LASER; EYE-SAFE; FAR-FIELD; FIELD OF VIEWS; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; MASTER OSCILLATOR POWER AMPLIFIERS; MASTER OSCILLATORS; MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY; NARROW BAND OPTICAL FILTERS; NUMBER DENSITY; PHOTON COUNTING; PULSE DURATIONS; PULSE ENERGIES; PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCIES; RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS; WATER VAPOR DIAL; WATER VAPOR PROFILE;

ATMOSPHERICS; DIODE AMPLIFIERS; MULTIPHOTON PROCESSES; OPTICAL PHASE CONJUGATION; OPTICAL RADAR; POWER AMPLIFIERS; SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES; SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS; TELESCOPES; TROPOSPHERE; WATER ABSORPTION;

WATER VAPOR;

LIDAR; REMOTE SENSING; TROPOSPHERE; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 79953221901     PISSN: 07390572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2010JTECHA1452.1     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. ANSI, 1993: American National Standard for Safe Use of Laser. Z136.1-1993, American National Standards Institute.
2. Bosenberg, J., 1998: Ground based-differential absorption lidar for water vapor and temperature profiling: Methodology. Appl. Opt., 37, 3845-3860.
3. Browell, E. V., S. Ismail, and B. E. Grossman, 1991: Temperature sensitivity of differential absorption lidar measurements of water vapor in the 720 nm region. Appl. Opt., 30, 1517-1524.
4. Browell, E. V., S. Ismail, and W. B. Grant, 1998: Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements from air and space. Appl. Phys., 67B, 399-410.
5. Charlson,R. J., S.E. Schwartz, J.M.Hales,R.D. Cess, J.A. Coakley Jr., J. E. Hensen, and D. J. Hofmann, 1992: Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science, 255, 423-430.
6. Ehret, G., C. Kiemle, W. Renger, and G. Simmet, 1993: Airborne remote sensing of troposphericwater vapor with a near-infrared differential absorption lidar system. Appl. Opt., 32, 4534-4551.
7. Ehret, G., A. Fix, V. Weiss, G. Poberaj, and T. Baumert, 1998: Diode laser seeded parametric oscillator for airborne water vapor DIAL applications in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Appl. Phys., 67B, 427-431.
8. Eichinger, W. E., P.R. Forman, J. Griegos, M. A. Osborn, D. Richter, L. L. Tellier, and R. Thornton, 1999: The development of a scanning Raman water vapor lidar for boundary layer and tropospheric observations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 1753-1766.
9. Forster, P., and Coauthors, 2007: Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 747-845.
10. Goldsmith, J. E. M., F. H. Blair, S. E. Bisson, and D. D. Turner, 1998: Turn key Raman lidar for profiling atmospheric water vapor, clouds, and aerosols. Appl. Opt., 37, 4979-4990.
11. Harms, J., W. Lahmann, and C. Weitkamp, 1978: Geometrical compression of lidar return signals. Appl. Opt., 17, 1131-1135.
12. Ismail, S., E. V. Browell, R. A. Ferrare, S. A. Kooi, M. B. Clayton, V. G. Brackett, and P. B. Russell, 2000: LASE measurements of aerosol and water vapor profiles during TARFOX. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9903-9916.
13. Kiehl, J. T., and K. E. Trenberth, 1997: Earth's annual global mean energy budget. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 197-208.
14. Kovalev, V. A., and W. E. Eichinger, 2004: Elastic Lidar: Theory, Practice, and Analysis Methods. John Wiley and Sons, 615 pp.
15. Machol, J. L., and Coauthors, 2004: Preliminary measurements with an automated compact differential absorption lidar for the profiling of water vapor. Appl. Opt., 43, 3110-3121.
16. Nehrir, A. R., K. S. Repasky, J. L. Carlsten, M. D. Obland, and J. A. Shaw, 2009: Water vapor profiling using a widely tunable, amplified diode laser based differential absorption lidar (DIAL). J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 733-745.
17. Rall, J. A. R., J. B. Abshire, D. Reusser, and M. Humphrey, 1996: Measurements of atmospheric water vapor using a compact AlGaAs laser based DIAL instrument. Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Anaheim, CA, Optical Society of America, Paper CWD5.
18. Reagan, J. A., T. W. Cooley, and J. A. Shaw, 1993: Prospects for an economical, eye safe water vapor lidar. Proc. Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp., Tokyo, Japan, IEEE, 872-874.
19. Takase, K., J. K. Stockton, and M. A. Kasevich, 2007: High-power pulsed-current mode operation of an overdriven tapered amplifier. Opt. Lett., 32, 2617-2619.
20. Trenberth, K. E., and Coauthors, 2007: Observations: Surface and atmospheric climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical ScienceBasis, S. Solomon et al., Eds.,Cambridge University Press, 747-845.
21. Whiteman, D. N., S. H. Melfi, and R. A. Ferrare, 1998: Raman lidar system for the measurement of water vapor and aerosols in the earth's atmosphere. Appl. Opt., 31, 3068-3082.
22. Wirth, M., A. Fix, P. Mahnke, H. Schwarzer, F. Schrandt, and G. Ehret, 2009: The airborne multi-wavelength water vapor differential absorption lidar WALES: System design and performance. Appl. Phys., 96B, 201-213.
23. Wulfmeyer, V., 1998: Ground-based differential absorption lidar for water vapor and temperature profiling: Development and specifications of a high performance laser transmitter. Appl. Opt., 37, 3804-3824.
24. Wulfmeyer, V., and J. Bosenberg, 1998: Ground-based differential absorption lidar for water vapor profiling: Assessment of accuracy, resolution, and meteorological applications. Appl. Opt., 37, 3825-3844.
25. Wulfmeyer, V., and G. Feingold, 2000: On the relationship between relative humidity and particle backscatter coefficient in the marine boundary layer determined with differential absorption lidar. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 4729-4741.
26. Wulfmeyer, V., and C. Walther, 2001: Future performance of ground based and airborne water vapor differential absorption lidar: I. Overview and theory. Appl. Opt., 40, 5304-5320.
27. Xiong, Y., S. Murphy, J. L. Carlsten, and K. S. Repasky, 2006: Design and characteristics of a tapered amplifier diode system by seeding with continuous-wave and mode locked external cavity diode laser. Opt. Eng., 45, 124205.