Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors: A review covering basic principles to loco-regional and targeted therapies

Oncogene

Volumn 30, Issue 13, 2011, Pages 1497-1505

  Schmidt, C ^a   Bloomston, M ^a   Shah, M H ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

chemoembolization; neuroendocrine tumors; somatostatin

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; ANGIOPEPTIN; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BEVACIZUMAB; BORTEZOMIB; CISPLATIN; DACARBAZINE; DEPSIPEPTIDE; DOCETAXEL; DOXORUBICIN; ENDOSTATIN; EPIRUBICIN; ETOPOSIDE; FLUOROURACIL; GEMCITABINE; HYDROXYUREA; IMATINIB; IRINOTECAN; MELPHALAN; OCTREOTIDE; PACLITAXEL; PEGINTERFERON; SOMATOSTATIN DERIVATIVE; STREPTOZOCIN; SUNITINIB; TEMOZOLOMIDE; TEMSIROLIMUS; THALIDOMIDE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ADVANCED CANCER; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE BLOOD LEVEL; BILIRUBIN BLOOD LEVEL; CALCITONIN BLOOD LEVEL; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CARCINOID SYNDROME; CARDIOTOXICITY; CHEMOEMBOLIZATION; CHOLECYSTITIS; CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; CLINICAL FEATURE; CYTOREDUCTIVE SURGERY; DIARRHEA; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ENTERITIS; FATIGUE; FEVER; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; FLUSHING; GASTRIN BLOOD LEVEL; GASTRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR; HEART PALPITATION; HUMAN; HYPERTRANSAMINASEMIA; INFECTION; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIVER ABSCESS; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER METASTASIS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; LUNG SMALL CELL CANCER; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MESENTERY LYMPH NODE; MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA; NAUSEA; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR; NEUROPATHY; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PAIN; PANCREATITIS; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PLEURA EFFUSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; RADIATION INJURY; REVIEW; SCINTIGRAPHY; SIDE EFFECT; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VON HIPPEL LINDAU DISEASE;

CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHEMOEMBOLIZATION, THERAPEUTIC; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; HUMANS; INTERFERON-ALPHA; KI-67 ANTIGEN; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS; OCTREOTIDE; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED, SINGLE-PHOTON; YTTRIUM;

EID: 79953188669     PISSN: 09509232     EISSN: 14765594     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.548     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Agaram NP, Besmer P, Wong GC, Guo T, Socci ND, Maki RG et al. (2007). Pathologic and molecular heterogeneity in imatinib-stable or imatinib-responsive gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Clin Cancer Res 13: 170-181. (Pubitemid 46121866)
2. Ansell SM, Pitot HC, Burch PA, Kvols LK, Mahoney MR, Rubin J et al. (2001). A Phase II study of high-dose paclitaxel in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer 91: 1543-1548. (Pubitemid 32319266)
3. Anthony LB, Woltering EA, Espenan GD, Cronin MD, Maloney TJ, McCarthy KE. (2002). Indium-111-pentetreotide prolongs survival in gastroenteropancreatic malignancies. Semin Nucl Med 32: 123-132. (Pubitemid 34311078)
4. Asnacios A, Courbon F, Rochaix P, Bauvin E, Cances-Lauwers V, Susini C et al. (2008). Indium-111-pentetreotide scintigraphy and somatostatin receptor subtype 2 expression: new prognostic factors for malignant well-differentiated endocrine tumors. J Clin Oncol 26: 963-970. (Pubitemid 351398091)
5. Bajetta E, Ferrari L, Procopio G, Catena L, Ferrario E, Martinetti A et al. (2002). Efficacy of a chemotherapy combination for the treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumours. Ann Oncol 13: 614-621. (Pubitemid 34461146)
6. Berkovic MC, Altabas V, Herman D, Hrabar D, Goldoni V, Vizner B et al. (2007). A single-centre experience with octreotide in the treatment of different hypersecretory syndromes in patients with functional gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Coll Antropol 31: 531-534.
7. Bloomston M, Al-Saif O, Klemanski D, Pinzone JJ, Martin EW, Palmer B et al. (2007). Hepatic artery chemoembolization in 122 patients with metastatic carcinoid tumor: lessons learned. J Gastrointest Surg 11: 264-271.
8. Bushnell Jr DL, O'Dorisio TM, O'Dorisio MS, Menda Y, Hicks RJ, Van Custem E et al. (2010). 90Y-edotreotide for metastatic carcinoid refractory to octreotide. J Clin Oncol 28: 1652-1659.
9. Calhoun K, Toth-Fejel S, Cheek J, Pommier R. (2003). Serum peptide profiles in patients with carcinoid tumors. Am J Surg 186: 23-31.
10. Delpassand ES, Sims-Mourtada J, Saso H, Azhdarinia A, Ashoori F, Torabi F et al. (2008). Safety and efficacy of radionuclide therapy with high-activity In-111 pentetreotide in patients with progressive neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 23: 292-300. (Pubitemid 351931457)
11. Duran I, Kortmansky J, Singh D, Hirte H, Kocha W, Goss G et al. (2006). A phase II clinical and pharmacodynamic study of temsirolimus in advanced neuroendocrine carcinomas. Br J Cancer 95: 1148-1154. (Pubitemid 44660065)
12. Faiss S, Pape UF, Bohmig M, Dorffel Y, Mansmann U, Golder W et al. (2003). Prospective, randomized, multicenter trial on the antiproliferative effect of lanreotide, interferon alfa, and their combination for therapy of metastatic neuroendocrine gastroentero-pancreatic tumors-the International Lanreotide and Interferon Alfa Study Group. J Clin Oncol 21: 2689-2696. (Pubitemid 46606312)
13. Fjallskog ML, Granberg DP, Welin SL, Eriksson C, Oberg KE, Janson ET et al. (2001). Treatment with cisplatin and etoposide in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer 92: 1101-1107. (Pubitemid 32861657)
14. Forrer F, Waldherr C, Maecke HR, Mueller-Brand J. (2006). Targeted radionuclide therapy with 90Y-DOTATOC in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Anticancer Res 26: 703-707. (Pubitemid 43206037)
15. Grover AC, Libutti SK, Pingpank JF, Helsabeck C, Beresnev T, Alexander Jr HR et al. (2004). Isolated hepatic perfusion for the treatment of patients with advanced liver metastases from pancreatic and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms. Surgery 136: 1176-1182. (Pubitemid 39647531)
16. Hodul PJ, Strosberg JR, Kvols LK. (2008). Aggressive surgical resection in the management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: when is it indicated? Cancer Control 15: 314-321.
17. Kaubisch A, Kaleya R, Haynes H, Rozenblit A, Wadler S. (2004). Phase II clinical trial of parenteral hydroxyurea in combination with fluorouracil, interferon and filgrastim in the treatment of advanced pancreatic, gastric and neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 53: 337-340. (Pubitemid 38396793)
18. Kennedy AS, Dezarn WA, McNeillie P, Coldwell D, Nutting C, Carter D et al. (2008). Radioembolization for unresectable neuroendocrine hepatic metastases using resin 90Y-microspheres: early results in 148 patients. Am J Clin Oncol 31: 271-279.
19. Kiely JM, Rilling WS, Touzios JG, Hieb RA, Franco J, Saeian K et al. (2006). Chemoembolization in patients at high risk: results and complications. J Vasc Interv Radiol 17: 47-53. (Pubitemid 44392032)
20. Kolby L, Persson G, Franzen S, Ahren B. (2003). Randomized clinical trial of the effect of interferon alpha on survival in patients with disseminated midgut carcinoid tumours. Br J Surg 90: 687-693. (Pubitemid 36760596)
21. Krenning EP, Kwekkeboom DJ, Bakker WH, Breeman WA, Kooij PP, Oei HY et al. (1993). Somatostatin receptor scinti-graphy with [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]- and [123I-Tyr3]-octreotide: the Rotterdam experience with more than 1000 patients. Eur J Nucl Med 20: 716-731. (Pubitemid 23284773)
22. Krug LM, Crapanzano JP, Azzoli CG, Miller VA, Rizvi N, Gomez J et al. (2005). Imatinib mesylate lacks activity in small cell lung carcinoma expressing c-kit protein: a phase II clinical trial. Cancer 103: 2128-2131. (Pubitemid 40605121)
23. Kulke MH, Bergsland EK, Ryan DP, Enzinger PC, Lynch TJ, Zhu AX et al. (2006a). Phase II study of recombinant human endostatin in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors. J Clin Oncol 24: 3555-3561. (Pubitemid 46630526)
24. Kulke MH, Hornick JL, Frauenhoffer C, Hooshmand S, Ryan DP, Enzinger PC et al. (2009). O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransfer-ase deficiency and response to temozolomide-based therapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Clin Cancer Res 15: 338-345.
25. Kulke MH, Kim H, Clark JW, Enzinger PC, Lynch TJ, Morgan JA et al. (2004a). A Phase II trial of gemcitabine for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer 101: 934-939. (Pubitemid 39100425)
26. Kulke MH, Kim H, Stuart K, Clark JW, Ryan DP, Vincitore M et al. (2004b). A phase II study of docetaxel in patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors. Cancer Invest 22: 353-359.
27. Kulke MH, Lenz HJ, Meropol NJ, Posey J, Ryan DP, Picus J et al. (2008). Activity of sunitinib in patients with advanced neuroendo-crine tumors. J Clin Oncol 26: 3403-3410.
28. Kulke MH, Stuart K, Enzinger PC, Ryan DP, Clark JW, Muzikansky A et al. (2006b). Phase II study of temozolomide and thalidomide in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. J Clin Oncol 24: 401-406. (Pubitemid 46630459)
29. Kulke MH, Wu B, Ryan DP, Enzinger PC, Zhu AX, Clark JW et al. (2006c). A phase II trial of irinotecan and cisplatin in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Dig Dis Sci 51: 1033-1038. (Pubitemid 44127047)
30. Kwekkeboom DJ, de Herder WW, Kam BL, van Eijck CH, van Essen M, Kooij PP et al. (2008). Treatment with the radiolabeled somatostatin analog [177 Lu-DOTA 0,Tyr3]octreotate: toxicity, efficacy, and survival. J Clin Oncol 26: 2124-2130.
31. Le Treut YP, Gregoire E, Belghiti J, Boillot O, Soubrane O, Mantion G et al. (2008). Predictors of long-term survival after liver transplantation for metastatic endocrine tumors: an 85-case French multicentric report. Am J Transplant 8: 1205-1213. (Pubitemid 351763685)
32. Modlin IM, Kidd M, Latich I, Zikusoka MN, Shapiro MD. (2005). Current status of gastrointestinal carcinoids. Gastroenterology 128: 1717-1751. (Pubitemid 40692562)
33. Osborne DA, Zervos EE, Strosberg J, Boe BA, Malafa M, Rosemurgy AS et al. (2006). Improved outcome with cytoreduction versus embolization for symptomatic hepatic metastases of carcinoid and neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Surg Oncol 13: 572-581.
34. Pavel ME, Baum U, Hahn EG, Hensen J. (2005). Doxorubicin and streptozotocin after failed biotherapy of neuroendocrine tumors. Int J Gastrointest Cancer 35: 179-185.
35. Pavel ME, Baum U, Hahn EG, Schuppan D, Lohmann T. (2006). Efficacy and tolerability of pegylated IFN-alpha in patients with neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic carcinomas. J Interferon Cytokine Res 26: 8-13. (Pubitemid 43201732)
36. Que FG, Nagorney DM, Batts KP, Linz LJ, Kvols LK. (1995). Hepatic resection for metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas. Am J Surg 169: 36-42, discussion 42-3.
37. Reidy DL, Tang LH, Saltz LB. (2009). Treatment of advanced disease in patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 6: 143-152.
38. Rindi G, Kloppel G, Alhman H, Caplin M, Couvelard A, de Herder WW et al. (2006). TNM staging of foregut (neuro)endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system. Virchows Arch 449: 395-401. (Pubitemid 44451313)
39. Rindi G, Kloppel G, Couvelard A, Komminoth P, Korner M, Lopes JM et al. (2007). TNM staging of midgut and hindgut (neuro) endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system. Virchows Arch 451: 757-762. (Pubitemid 47497934)
40. Rinke A, Muller HH, Schade-Brittinger C, Klose KJ, Barth P, Wied M et al. (2009). Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID Study Group. J Clin Oncol 27: 4656-4663.
41. Ruszniewski P, Ish-Shalom S, Wymenga M, O'Toole D, Arnold R, Tomassetti P et al. (2004). Rapid and sustained relief from the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome: results from an open 6-month study of the 28-day prolonged-release formulation of lanreotide. Neuroendocrinology 80: 244-251. (Pubitemid 40187010)
42. Shah MH, Young D, Kindler HL, Webb I, Kleiber B, Wright J et al. (2004). Phase II study of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341) in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Clin Cancer Res 10: 6111-6118. (Pubitemid 39287516)
43. Shah MH, Binkley P, Chan K, Xiao J, Arbogast D, Collamore M et al. (2006). Cardiotoxicity of histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Clin Cancer Res 12: 3997-4003. (Pubitemid 44078086)
44. Solcia E, Kloppel G, Sobin L. WHO International Histologic Classification of TUMORS (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 2000).
45. Stuart K, Levy DE, Anderson T, Axiotis CA, Dutcher JP, Eisenberg A et al. (2004). Phase II study of interferon gamma in malignant carcinoid tumors (E9292): a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Invest New Drugs 22: 75-81. (Pubitemid 38196985)
46. Sun W, Lipsitz S, Catalano P, Mailliard JA, Haller DG. (2005). Phase II/III study of doxorubicin with fluorouracil compared with streptozocin with fluorouracil or dacarbazine in the treatment of advanced carcinoid tumors: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E1281. J Clin Oncol 23: 4897-4904. (Pubitemid 46223995)
47. Touzios JG, Kiely JM, Pitt SC, Rilling WS, Quebbeman EJ, Wilson SD et al. (2005). Neuroendocrine hepatic metastases: does aggressive management improve survival? Ann Surg 241: 776-783, discussion 783-5.
48. Varker KA, Martin EW, Klemanski D, Palmer B, Shah MH, Bloomston M et al. (2007). Repeat transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for progressive hepatic carcinoid metastases provides results similar to first TACE. J Gastrointest Surg 11: 1680-1685.
49. Varker KA, Campbell J, Shah MH. (2008). Phase II study of thalidomide in patients with metastatic carcinoid and islet cell tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 61: 661-668.
50. Vinik AI, Silva MP, Woltering EA, Go VL, Warner R, Caplin M et al. (2009). Biochemical testing for neuroendocrine tumors. Pancreas 38: 876-889.
51. Yao JC, Zhang JX, Rashid A, Yeung SC, Szklaruk J, Hess K et al. (2007). Clinical and in vitro studies of imatinib in advanced carcinoid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 13: 234-240. (Pubitemid 46121874)
52. Yao JC, Phan AT, Chang DZ, Wolff RA, Hess K, Gupta S et al. (2008). Efficacy of RAD001 (everolimus) and octreotide LAR in advanced low- to intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumors: results of a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 26: 4311-4318.
53. Yao JC, Phan A, Hoff PM, Chen HX, Charnsangavej C, Yeung SC et al. (2008). Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor in advanced carcinoid tumor: a random assignment phase II study of depot octreotide with bevacizumab and pegylated interferon alpha-2b. J Clin Oncol 26: 1316-1323.