Measurements of light rain, drizzle and heavy fog

Precipitation: Advances in Measurement, Estimation and Prediction

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 59-82

  Gultepe, Ismail ^a  

^a ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79953184668     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-77655-0_3     Document Type: Chapter

References (31)

1. Ciach GJ (2003) Local random errors in tipping-bucket rain gauge measurements. J Atmos Ocean Tech 20:752-759
2. Goodison BE, Louie PYT, Yang D (1998) WMO solid precipitation measurement intercomparison-WMO/TD No 872. World Meteorological Organizatiion, Geneva, Switzerland, pp 211
3. Gultepe I, Milbrandt J (2007a) Visibility parameterizations for precipitation types for modeling applications. J Appl Meteorol (submitted)
4. Gultepe I, Milbrandt J (2007b) Microphysical observations and mesoscale model simulation of a warm fog case during FRAM project. Pure Appl Geophys [Special issue on fog, Gultepe I. (ed)] 164:1161-1178
5. Gultepe I, Cober SG, Isaac GA, Hudak D, King P, Pearson G, Taylor P, Gordon M, Rodriguez P, Hansen B, Jacob M (2007) The fog remote sensing and modeling (FRAM) field project and preliminary results. B Am Meteorol Soc (accepted)
6. Humphrey MD, Istok JD, Lee JY, Hevesi JA, Flint AL (1997) A new method for automated dynamic calibration of tipping-bucket rain gauges. J Atmos Ocean Tech 14:1513-1519
7. Illingworth AJ, Stevens CJ (1986) An optical disdrometer for the measurement of raindrop size spectra in windy conditions. J Atmos Ocean Tech 4: 411-421
8. Joss J, Waldvogel A (1969) Raindrop size distribution and sampling size errors. J Atmos Sci 26:566-569
9. Kruger A, Krajewski WF (2002) Two-dimensional video disdrometer: A description. J Atmos Ocean Tech 19:602-617
10. Kunkel BA (1984) Parameterization of droplet terminal velocity and extinction coefficient in fog models. J Clim Appl Meteorol 23:34-41
11. Loffler-Mang M, Joss J (2000) An optical distrometer for measuring size and velocity of the hydrometeors. J Atmos Ocean Tech 17:130-139
12. Nystuen JA (1999) Relative performance of automatic rain gauges under different rainfall conditions. J Atmos Ocean Tech 16:1025-1043
13. Nystuen JA, Proni JR, Black PG, Wilkerson JC (1996) A comparison of automatic rain gauges. J Atmos Ocean Tech 13:62-73
14. Rasmussen RM, Vivekanandan J, Cole J, Myers B, Masters C (1999) The estimation of snowfall rate using visibility. J Appl Meteorol 38: 1542-1563
15. Rasmussen RM, Hallet J, Tryhane M, Landolt S, Purcell R, Beaubien MC, Jeffries WQ, Hage F, Cole J (2005) The hotplate snow gauge. In: Preprints 15th Conference on Applied Climatology/13th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation. American Meteorological Society, 19-23 June, Savannah, GA
16. Sevruk B, Hamon WR (1984) International comparison of national precipitation gauges with a reference pit gauge. Instruments and observing methods-Rep. 17. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 86
17. Sheppard BE (1990) The measurement of raindrop size distributions using a small Doppler radar. J Atmos Ocean Tech 7:255-268
18. Sheppard BE, Joe PI (1994) Comparison of raindrop size distribution measurements by a Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer, a PMS 2DG spectrometer, and a POSS Doppler radar. J Atmos Ocean Tech 11:874-887
19. Sheppard BE, Joe PI (2000) Automated precipitation detection and typing in Winter: A two year study. J Atmos Ocean Tech 17:1493-1507
20. Sheppard BE, Joe PI (2007) Performance of the precipitation occurrence sensor system (POSS) as a precipitation gauge. J Atmos Ocean Tech (in press)
21. Steiner M, Smith JA, Uijlenhoet R (2004) A microphysical interpretation of radar reflectivity-rain rate relationships. J Atmos Sci 61:1114-1131
22. Stewart RE, Burford JE, Hudak DR, Currie B, Kochtubajda B, Rodriguez P, Liu J (2004) Weather systems occurring over Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories, Canada during three seasons of 1998/99. Part 2: precipitation features. J Geophys Res 109 D22109, doi: 10.1029/2004JD004929
23. Tokay A, Wolff DB, Wolff KR, Bashor P (2003) Rain gauge and disdrometer measurements during the Keys area microphysics project (KAMP). J Atmos Ocean Tech 20:1460-1477
24. Tryhane ML, Landolt SD, Rasmussen RM (2005) Applications of the hotplate snow gauge. In: Preprints 15th Conference on Applied Climatology/13th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation. American Meteorological Society, 19-23 June, Savannah, GA, JP1.33
25. Turtiainen H, Nylander P, Puura P, Oyj V (2006) A new high accuracy, low maintenance all weather precipitation gauge for meteorological, hydrological and climatological applications. In: Proceedings 22nd International Conference on Interactive Information Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology. American Meteorological Society 28 January-3 February, Atlanta, GA. http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/102118.pdf
26. Ulbrich CW, Atlas D (1985) Extinction of visible and infrared radiation in rain: Comparison of theory and experiment. J Atmos Ocean Tech 2:331-339
27. Wang TI, Clifford SF (1975) Use of rainfall-induced optical scintillations to measure path-averaged rain parameters. J Opt Soc Am 65:927-937
28. Wang TI, Earnshaw KB, Lawrance RS (1978) Simplified optical path-averaged rain gauge. Appl Optics 17:384-390
29. Wilson JW (1963) Evaluation of precipitation measurements with the WSR-57 Weather radar. J Appl Meteorol 3:164-174
30. WMO 1983) Guide to Instruments and Methods of Observation-WMO No 8, 7th edn. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
31. Yang D, Goodison BE, Metcalfe JR, Golubev VS, Bates R, Pangburn T, Hanson CL (1998) Accuracy of NWS 8" standard non-recording precipitation gauge: Results and application of WMO inter-comparison. J Atmos Ocean Tech 15:54-68