Fired glaciofluvial sediment in the northwestern Andes: Biotic aspects of the Black Mat

Sedimentary Geology

Volumn 237, Issue 1-2, 2011, Pages 73-83

  Mahaney, William C ^a   Krinsley, David ^b   Langworthy, Kurt ^b   Kalm, Volli ^c   Havics, Tony ^d,e   Hart, Kris M ^f   Kelleher, Brian P ^f   Schwartz, Stephane ^g   Tricart, Pierre ^g   Beukens, Roelf ^h  

^a Quaternary Surveys   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TARTU   (Estonia)

^d PH2 LLC   (United States)

^e McCrone Institute   (United States)

^f DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY   (Ireland)

^g CNRS   (France)

^h UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bacteria associated with fired sediment; Chemistry of the Black Mat; Diagenesis of the fired material

Indexed keywords

BIOTIC COMPOSITION; CARBON SPHERULES; DIAGENESIS OF THE FIRED MATERIAL; EXCESSIVE HEATING; SOUTH AMERICA; YOUNGER DRYAS;

ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; BACTERIOLOGY; CHARCOAL; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; FELDSPAR; GLASSY CARBON; MANGANESE; MINERALOGY; MINERALS; PHOSPHATE MINERALS; PLATINUM; QUARTZ; RHODIUM; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SILICATE MINERALS;

BLACK COATINGS;

ASTEROID; BACTERIUM; BIOTIC FACTOR; CHARCOAL; DIAGENESIS; GLACIOFLUVIAL DEPOSIT; LAURENTIDE ICE SHEET; MINERALOGY; MONAZITE; OUTWASH; YOUNGER DRYAS;

ANDES;

SPHERULES;

EID: 79953163439     PISSN: 00370738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.02.005     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Barnett V.H. An example of disruption of rock by lightning on one of the Lucite hills in Wyoming. Journal of Geology 1911, 16:568-571.
2. Bény-Bassez C., Rouzaud J.N. Characterisation of carbonaceous materials by correlated electron and optical microscopy and Raman microscopy. Scanning Electron Microscopy 1985, 119-132. SEM Inc., Chicago. L. Reimer (Ed.).
3. Bernard S., Benzerara K., Beyssac O., Menguy N., Guyot F., Brown G.E., Goffé B. Exceptional preservation of fossil plant spores in high-pressure metamorphic rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 262:257-272.
4. Birkeland P.W. Soils and Geomorphology 1999, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 430pp.
5. Birkeland P.W., Rodbell D.T., Miller D.C., Short S. Investigaciones en el Parque Nacional Río Abiseo, San Martin. Boletin de Lima 1989, 64:55-64.
6. Blackwelder E. Fire as an agent in rock weathering. Journal of Geology 1927, 35:134-140.
7. Bougerd F.C., De Vrind J.M.P. Manganese oxidation by Leptothrix discophora. Journal of Bacteriology 1987, 169:489-494.
8. Bowden W. Comparison of two-direct-count techniques for enumerating aquatic bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1977, 33(5):1229-1232.
9. Broecker W.S., Denton G.H., Edwards R.L., Cheng H., Alley R.B., Putnam A.E. Putting the Younger Dryas cold event into context. Quaternary Science Reviews 2010, 29:1078-1081.
10. Bronk-Ramsey C. OxCal Program v 3.10 2005, University of Oxford Radiocarbon Unit, Oxford. http://www.rlaha.ox.ac.uk/oxcal/oxcal.htm.
11. Clark G. Staining Procedures 1981, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD. 4th Ed.
12. Day P. Particle fractionation and particle size analysis. Methods of Soil Analysis 1965, 545-567. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. C.A. Black (Ed.).
13. de Faria D.L.A., Venancio Silva S., de Oliveira M.T. Raman microscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. Journal of Raman Specroscopy 1997, 28:873-878.
14. Dirszowsky R.W., Mahaney W.C., Kalm V., Bezada M., Hodder K. Lithostratigraphy of the Mérida (Wisconsinan) Glaciation and Pedregal Interstade, Mérida Andes, northwestern Venezuela. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2005, 19:526-536.
15. EPA Environmental Effects of Western Coal Combustion Part IV Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Coal Fly Ash, EPA 600-3-80-094 1980.
16. Firestone R.B., West A., Kennett J.P., Becker L., Bunch T.E., Revay Z.S., Schultz P.H., Belgya T., Kennett D.J., Erlandson J.M., Dickenson O.J., Goodyear A.C., Harris R.S., Howard G.A., Kloosterman J.B., Lechler P., Mayewski P.A., Montgomery J., Poreda R., Darrah T., Que Hee S.S., Smith A.R., Stich A., Topping W., Wittke J.H., Wolbach W.S. Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900years ago that contributed to the megafaunal extinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling. Proc. National Academy of Sciences 2007, 104:16016-16021.
17. Firestone R.B., West A., Revay Z., Belgya T., Smith A., Que Hee S.S. Evidence for a massive extraterrestrial airburst over North America 12.9ka ago. American Geophysical Union Mtg. 07, PP41A sessions, San Francisco, AGU Annual Mtg, 2007, PP41A-02 2007.
18. Fisher Gerald L., et al. Physical and morphological studies of size-classified coal fly ash. Environmental Science & Technology 1978, 12(4):447-451.
19. Formanek P., Bugiel E. Specimen preparation for electron holography of semiconductor devices. Ultramicroscopy 2006, 106(4-5):365-375.
20. Gibbard P.L. Quaternary...now you see it, now you don't. Quaternary Perspectives 2004, 14:89-91.
21. Graetsch H., Gies H., Topalovi I. NMR, XRD and IR study on microcrystalline opals. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 1994, 21(3):166-175.
22. Grapes Rodney Pyrometamorphism 2006, Springer, NY, 276pp.
23. Hansen B.C.S. A reevaluation of the evidence for a Younger Dryas climatic reversal in the tropical Andes. Quaternary Science Reviews 1995, 12:769-779.
24. Haynes C.Vance Younger Dryas "black mats" and the Rancholabrean termination in North America. Proc. National Academy of Sciences 2008, 105:6520-6525.
25. Hildebrand A.R. The Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary impact (or the dinosaurs didn't have a chance). Journal Royal Astronomic Society, Canada 1993, 87:77-117.
26. Hobbie J.E., Dalley R.J., Jasper S. Use of nuclepore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1977, 33(5):1225-1228.
27. Huber H., Hohn M.J., Rachel R., Fuchs T., Wimmer V.C., Stetter K.O. A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont. Nature 2002, 417:63-67.
28. Jakes K., Mitchell J.C. Cold plasma ashing preparation of plant phytoliths and their examination with SEM and EDX. Journal of Archaeological Science 1996, 23(1):149-156.
29. Kennett J.P., Becker L., West A. Triggering of the Younger Dryas Cooling by extraterrestrial impact. AGU Annual Mtg, 2007, PP41A-05 2007.
30. Kennett D.J., Kennett J.P., West G.J., Erlandson J.M., Johnson J.R., Hendy I.L., West A., Culleton BmJ, Jones T.L., Stafford T.W. Wildfire and abrupt ecosystem disruption on California's Northern Channel Islands at the Ållerød-Younger Dryas boundary (13.0-12.9ka). Quaternary Science Reviews 2008, 27-28:2530-2545.
31. Kennett D.J., Kennett J.P., West A., Mercer C., Que Hee S.S., Bement L., Bunch T.E., Sellers M., Wolbach W.S. Nanodiamonds in the Younger Dryas boundary sediment. Science 2009, 323(5910):94.
32. Kim K. Personal communication to WCM 2010.
33. Komarek E.V., Komarek B.B., Carlyse T.C. The Ecology of Smoke Particulates and Charcoal Residues from Forest and Grassland Fires: A Preliminary Atlas 1973, Misc Pub 3, Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.
34. Kucha H., Schroll E., Stumpfl E.F. Fossil sulphate-reducing bacteria in the Bleiberg lead-zinc deposit, Austria. Mineralium Deposita 2005, 40:123-126.
35. Kuhlbusch T.A.J. Method for determining black carbon in residues of vegetation fires. Environmental Science & Technology 1995, 29:2675-2695.
36. Lanning F.C., Ponnaiya B.W.X., Crumpton C.F. The chemical nature of silica in plants. Plant Physiology 1958, 33(5):339-343.
37. Liu Z., Otto-Bliesner B.L., He F., Brady E.C., Tomas R., Clark P.U., Carlson A.E., Lynch-Stieglitz J., Curry W., Brook E., Erickson D., Jacob R., Kutzbach J., Cheng J. Transient simulation of last deglaciation with a new mechanism for Bølling-Allerød warming. Science 2009, 325:310-314.
38. Lowe J.J., Rasmussen S.O., Björck S., Hoek W.Z., Steffensen J.P., Walker M.J.C., Yu Z.C. Synchronisation of palaeoenvironmental events in the North Atlantic region during the Last Termination: a revised protocol recommended by the INTIMATE group. Quaternary Science Reviews 2008, 27:6-17.
39. Mahaney W.C. Ice on the Equator 1990, Wm Caxton Ltd., Ellison Bay, WI, 386pp.
40. Mahaney W.C. Atlas of Sand Grain Surface Textures and Applications 2002, Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K., 237pp.
41. Mahaney W.C., Kalm V. Field Guide for the International Conference on Quaternary Glaciation and Paleoclimate in the Andes Mountains 1996, Quaternary Surveys, Toronto, 79pp.
42. Mahaney W.C., Dirszowsky R.W., Milner M.W., Harmsen R., Finkelstein S., Kalm V., Bezada M., Hancock R.G.V. Soil stratigraphy and ecological relationships of a Late Glacial-Holocene fluvial terrace sequence, Sierra Nevada National Park, Northern Venezuelan Andes. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2007, 23:46-60.
43. Mahaney W.C., Milner M.W., Sodhi R.N.S., Dorn R.I., Boccia S., Beukens R.P., Tricart P., Schwartz S., Chamorro-Perez E., Barendregt R.W., Kalm V., Dirszowsky R.W. Analysis of burnt schist outcrops in the Alps: relation to historical archaeology and Hannibal's Crossing in 218 BC. Geoarchaeology 2007, 22:797-816.
44. Mahaney W.C., Milner M.W., Kalm V., Dirszowsky R., Hancock R.G.V., Beukens R.P. Evidence for a Younger Dryas glacial advance in the Andes of northwestern Venezuela. Geomorphology 2008, 96:199-211.
45. Mahaney W.C., Kalm V., Kapran B., Milner M.W., Hancock R.G.V. Soil chronosequence, Humboldt Glacier, northwestern Venezuelan Andes. Geomorphology 2009, 10:99-110.
46. Mahaney W.C., Kapran B., Milner M.W., Kalm V., Krinsley D., Beukens S., Boccia S., Hancock R.G.V. Evidence from the northwestern Venezuelan Andes for extraterrestrial impact: the Black Mat enigma. Geomorphology 2010, 116(1-2):48-57.
47. Mahaney W.C., Krinsley D.H., Kalm Volli Evidence for a cosmogenic origin of fired glaciofluvial beds in the northwestern Andes: correlation with experimentally heated quartz and feldspar. Sedimentary Geology 2010, 231:31-40.
48. Maki D. Lightning strikes and prehistoric ovens: determining the source of magnetic anomalies using techniques of environmental magnetism. Geoarchaeology 2005, 20:449-459.
49. Maniloff J., Nealson K.H., Psenner R., Loferer M., Folk R.L. Nannobacteria: size limits and evidence. Science 1997, 276(5320):1776-1777.
50. McLintock W.F.P. On the metamorphis produced by combustion of hydrocarbons in the Tertiary sediments of south-west Russia. Mineral Magazine 1932, 23:207-227.
51. Mendez P.F., Jenkins N.T., Eagar T.W. Effect of electrode droplet size on evaporation and fume generation. Proc Gas Metal Arc Welding 2000.
52. Nakamura K., Fujitsuka M., Kitajima M. Disorder-induced line broadening in 1st-order Raman-scattering from graphite. Physical Review B 1995, 41:12260-12263.
53. Napier W.M. Palaeolithic extinctions and the Taurid Complex. Mon. Not. Royal Astronomical Society 2010, February.
54. National Soil Survey Center (NSSC) Soil Survey Laboratory Information Manual. Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 45. Version 1.00 1995, USDA, Washington, DC, 305pp.
55. Nealson K.H. The microbial manganese cycle. Microbial Geochemistry 1983, 191-221. Blackwell, London. W.E. Krumbein (Ed.).
56. Osborn G., Clapperton C.M., Thompson-Davis P., Reasoner M., Rodbell D.T., Seltzer G.O., Zielinski G. Potential glacial evidence for the Younger Dryas event in the cordillera of North and South America. Quaternary Science Reviews 1995, 14:823-832.
57. Oyama M., Takehara H. Standard Soil Color Charts 1970, Japan Research Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan.
58. Palmgren U., et al. Collection of airborne micro-organisms on Nuclepore filters, estimation and analysis - CAMNEA method. Journal of Applied Microbiology 1986, 61:401-406.
59. Pinter N., Ishman S.E. Impacts, mega-tsunami, and other extraordinary claims. GSA Today 2008, 18:37-38.
60. Quade J., Forester R.M., Pratt W.L., Carter C. Black Mats, spring-fed streams, and Late Glacial Age Recharge in the southern Great Basin. Quaternary Research 1998, 49:129-148.
61. Ralska-Jasiewiczowa M., Stebich M., Negendank J.F.W. Correlation and synchronization of Late Glacial continental sequences in northern central Europe based on annually laminated lacustrine sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 2001, 20:1233-1249.
62. Reasoner M.A., Osborn G., Rutter N.W. Age of the Crowfoot advance in the Canadian Rocky Mountains: a glacial event coeval with the Younger Dryas oscillation. Geology 1994, 22:439-442.
63. Reimer P.J., Baillie M.G.L., Bard E., Bayliss A., Beck J.W., Bertrand C.J.H., Blackwell P.G., Buck C.E., Burr G.S., Cutler K.B., Damon P.E., Edwards R.L., Fairbanks R.G., Friedrich M., Guilderson T.P., Hogg A.G., Hughen K.A., Kromer B., McCormac G., Manning S., Bronk Ramsey C., Reimer R.W., Remmele S., Southon J.R., Stuiver M., Talamo S., Taylor F.W., van der Plicht J., Weyhenmeyer C.E. IntCal04 terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26CalKyr BP. Radiocarbon 2004, 46:1029-1058.
64. Rodbell D.T., Seltzer G.O. Rapid ice margin fluctuations during the Younger Dryas in the Tropical Andes. Quaternary Research 2000, 54:328-338.
65. Salgado-Labouriau M.L., Schubert C. Palynology of Holocene peat bogs from the central Venezuelan Andes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1976, 19:147-156.
66. Schopf J.W. Cradle of Life: The Discovery of Earth's Earliest Fossils 1999, Princeton University Press, 367pp.
67. Schopf J.W., Kudryavtsev A.B., Agresti D.G., Wdowiak T.J., Czaja A.D. Laser-Raman imagery of Earth's earliest fossils. Nature 2002, 416:73-76.
68. Schubert C. Glaciation of the Sierra de Santo Domingo, Venezuelan Andes. Quaternaria 1970, 13:225-246.
69. Schubert C. Geomorphology and glacier retreat in the Pico Bolivar area, Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Venezuela. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie 1972, 8:189-202.
70. Schubert C. Late Pleistocene Mérida Glaciation, Venezuelan Andes. Boreas 1974, 3:147-152.
71. Schüssler U., Ernston T., Ernstson K. Impact-induced carbonate-psilomelane vein in the Azuara structure of northeastern Spain, Treb. Museum Geologica Barcelona 2002, 11:5-65.
72. Shannahan T.M., Zreda M. Chronology of quaternary glaciations in East Africa. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2000, 177:23-42.
73. Shukla P., Mandal R.K., Ojha S.N. Non-equilibrium solidification of undercooled droplets during atomization process. Bulletin of Material Science 2001, 24(5):547-554.
74. Stansell N.D., Abbott M.B., Polissar J., Wolfe A.P., Bezada M., Rull V. Late Quaternary deglacial history of the Mérida Andes, Venezuela. Journal of Quaternary Science 2005, 20:801-812.
75. 35Cl solid state NMR. American Mineralogist 2002, 87:359-363.
76. Stich A., Howard G., Kloosterman J.B., Firestone R.B., West A., Kennett J.P., Kennett D.J., Bunch T.E., Wolbach W.S. Soot as evidence for widespread fires at the Younger Dryas Onset (YDB; 12.9ka). American Geophysical Union, fall meeting abstract no. PP13C-1471 2008.
77. Teller J.T., Leverington D.W., Mann J.D. Freshwater outbursts to the oceans from glacial Lake Agassiz and their role in climate change during the last deglaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews 2002, 21:879-887.
78. Tilsley J.E. Placosols: another problem in exploratory geochemistry. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 1977, 7:21-30.
79. Van der Hammen T., Hooghiemstra H. The El Abra Stadial, a Younger Dryas equivalent in Colombia. Quaternary Science Reviews 1995, 14:841-851.
80. Vortisch W., Mahaney W.C., Fecher K. Lithology and weathering in a paleosol sequence on Mt. Kenya, East Africa. Geologica et Paleontologica 1987, 21:245-255.
81. Westall F., Boni L., Guerzoni M.E. The experimental silicification of microbes. Palaeontology 1995, 38:495-528.
82. Westall F., deWit M.J., Dann J., van der Gaast S., de Ronde C.E.J., Gerneke D. Early Archean fossil bacteria and biofilms in hydrothermally-influenced sediments from the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa. Precambrian Research 2001, 106:93-116.
83. Wright F.W. Florida's fantastic fulgurite fire. Rocks and Minerals 1999, 74:157-159.
84. Xu H., Chen T., Jiang Y., Nie Z., Liu J., Wang Y. Self-assembled nano-structured minerals as signatures of bacterial mineralization activities. Microscopy and Microanalysis 2003, 9:390-391.