The marketization of poverty

Current Anthropology

Volumn 52, Issue SUPPL. 3, 2011, Pages

  Schwittay, Anke ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79953142342     PISSN: 00113204     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/656472     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. Finding talk about the bottom of everything to be offensive to the people who are relegated to that location, some people have begun to talk about the "base of the pyramid" (Hammond et al. 2007:1).
2. This number varies depending on which one of Prahalad's articles one consults (Prahalad 2005; Prahalad and Hammond 2002; Prahalad and Hart 2002). All dollar figures reported in this article are U.S. dollars
3. Bill Gates does talk about markets rather than the market.
4. In standard economic language, emerging markets are those national economies that have over the past decades opened themselves up to the global economy through abandoning government monopolies, allowing foreign investment, and lowering trade barriers. In this sense, emerging markets are already existing markets, but until recently they were restricted.
5. Some of the confusion about the market size comes from the different currencies being used by researchers, from U.S. dollars to international dollars to local purchasing-power dollars.
6. All names are pseudonyms, and all quotes are taken from personal interviews carried out during 2003.
7. Ellen met Yunus when both were serving on the board of Gorbachev's State of the World Forum, and Bangladesh was one of World e-Inclusion's first, albeit very short-lived, project sites.
8. This reorientation took place within the context of larger changes at HP because of its merger with Compaq Computers.
9. In 1996, Intel decided to build a $300 million semiconductor assembly and testing plant in a defunct coffee plantation near San Jose (Spar 1998).
10. Los Santos, the region of which San Marcos is the administrative capital, is representative of rural Costa Rica because 95% of its population is working in the agricultural sector, mainly growing coffee (Uncosantos, "Programa de Desarrollo Regional de Los Santos y Caraigres," unpublished document, 2002). This is one of the reasons why San Marcos was chosen as the site for LINCOS, others being Figueres's close connection to the area, its proximity to San Jose, and the work of a local woman in bringing the container there.
11. The Costa Rican welfare state was instituted by Jose Maria Figueres's father, Jose "Pepe" Figueres, the country's most popular president, who held office three times during 1949 and 1974 (Edelman and Kenen 1989). In part because of his spending policies, Costa Rica was the first Central American country to default on its International Monetary Fund payments in 1981, which resulted in the imposition of structural adjustment programs. However, as the then foreign trade minister told me in 2003, "if you are small [i.e., a small producer] and get worse because of Free Trade, then the government has a responsibility to take care of you."
12. In an instance of cultural miscommunication, some people associated HP with the Spanish hijo de puta (son of a bitch).