How I diagnose and treat splenic lymphomas

Blood

Volumn 117, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 2585-2595

  Iannitto, Emilio ^a   Tripodo, Claudio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PALERMO   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALEMTUZUMAB; ANTHRACYCLINE; BENDAMUSTINE; CLADRIBINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN; CYTARABINE; DOXORUBICIN; FLUDARABINE; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; METHOTREXATE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PEGINTERFERON; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA; PENTOSTATIN; PLATINUM DERIVATIVE; PREDNISONE; PURINE DERIVATIVE; RIBAVIRIN; RITUXIMAB; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITOR; VINCRISTINE;

ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; ANEMIA; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; BLOOD CELL COUNT; BLOOD TOXICITY; BONE MARROW BIOPSY; BONE MARROW EXAMINATION; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CANCER PATIENT; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER THERAPY; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; COOMBS TEST; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA; HEPATITIS C; HEPATOSPLENIC T CELL LYMPHOMA; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LABORATORY TEST; LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA; LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTE LEUKEMIA; LIVER DISEASE; LOW DRUG DOSE; LYMPHOMA; MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA; MONOTHERAPY; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SPLEEN; SPLEEN TUMOR; SPLENECTOMY; SPLENIC LYMPHOMA; SPLENIC MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA; SPLENOMEGALY; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; SYMPTOM; SYSTEMIC DISEASE; T CELL LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTE LEUKEMIA; T CELL LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; T CELL LYMPHOMA; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUMOR REGRESSION; TUMOR VOLUME; ULTRASOUND;

EID: 79953077312     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: 15280020     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-09-271437     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Das Gupta T, Coombes B, Brasfeld RD. Primary malignant neoplasms of the spleen. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1969;120:947-960.
2. Gobbi PG, Grignani GE, Pozzetti U, et al. Primary splenic lymphoma: does it exist? Haematologica. 1994;79(3):286-293.
3. Isaacson PG. Primary splenic lymphoma. Cancer Surv. 1997;30:193-212. (Pubitemid 27371543)
4. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon, France: IARC; 2008
5. Pozo AL, Godfrey EM, Bowles KM. Splenomegaly: investigation, diagnosis and management. Blood Rev. 2009;23(3):105-111.
6. Kraus MD, Fleming MD, Vonderheide RH. The spleen as a diagnostic specimen: a review of 10 years' experience at two tertiary care institutions. Cancer. 2001;91(11):2001-2009. (Pubitemid 32476363)
7. Carr JA, Shuarafa M, Velanovich V. Surgical indications in idiopathic splenomegaly. Arch Surg. 2002;137(1):64-68. (Pubitemid 34041822)
8. Pottakkat B, Kashyap R, Kumar A, Sikora SS, Saxena R, Kapoor VK. Redefining the role of splenectomy in patients with idiopathic splenomegaly. Aust NZ J Surg. 2006;76(8):679-682. (Pubitemid 44154736)
9. Klco JM, Geng B, Brunt EM, et al. Bone marrow biopsy in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: spectrum of findings and diagnostic utility. Am J Hematol. 2010;85(2):106-110.
10. Mele A, Pulsoni A, Bianco E, et al. Hepatitis C virus and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas: an Italian multicenter case-control study. Blood. 2003; 102(3):996-999. (Pubitemid 36917795)
11. Goldin LR, Landgren O. Autoimmunity and lymphomagenesis. Int J Cancer. 2009;124(7):1497-1502.
12. Tripodo C, Iannitto E, Florena AM, et al. Gammadelta T-cell lymphomas. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2009;6(12):707-717.
13. Franco V, Florena AM, Iannitto E. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Blood. 2003;101(7):2464-2472. (Pubitemid 36857599)
14. Traverse-Glehen A, Baseggio L, Bauchu EC, et al. Splenic red pulp lymphoma with numerous basophilic villous lymphocytes: a distinct clinicopathologic and molecular entity? Blood. 2008; 111(4):2253-2260.
15. Matutes E, Wotherspoon A, Catovsky D. The variant form of hairy-cell leukaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2003;16(1):41-56.
16. Hoffman MA. Clinical presentations and complications of hairy cell leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2006;20(5):1065-1073. (Pubitemid 44380348)
17. Owen RG, Treon SP, Al-Katib A, et al. Clinicopathological definition of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: consensus panel recommendations from the Second International Workshop on Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia. Semin Oncol. 2003;30(2):110-115. (Pubitemid 36506291)
18. Krishnan B, Matutes E, Dearden C. Prolymphocytic leukemias. Semin Oncol. 2006;33(2):257-263.
19. O'Malley DP. T-cell large granular leukemia and related proliferations. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007; 127(6):850-859.
20. Belhadj K, Reyes F, Farcet JP, et al. Hepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma is a rare clinicopathologic entity with poor outcome: report on a series of 21 patients. Blood. 2003;102(13): 4261-4269. (Pubitemid 37494082)
21. Angelopoulou MK, Siakantariz MP, Vassilakopoulos TP, et al. The splenic form of mantle cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol. 2002;68(1):12-21. (Pubitemid 34407538)
22. Mollejo M, Rodriguez-Pinilla MS, Montes-Moreno S, et al. Splenic follicular lymphoma: clinicopathologic characteristics of a series of 32 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(5):730-738.
23. Takeshita M, Sakai H, Okamura S, et al. Splenic large B-cell lymphoma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Hum Pathol. 2005;36(8):878-885. (Pubitemid 41187906)
24. Dogan A, Burke JS, Goteri G, Stitson RN, Wotherspoon AC, Isaacson PG. Micronodular T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma of the spleen: histology, immunophenotype, and differential diagnosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27(7): 903-911. (Pubitemid 36758893)
25. Gobbi PG, Broglia C, Carnevale Maffe G, Ruga A, Molinari E, Ascari E. Lymphomatous superficial lymph nodes: limitations of physical examination for accurate staging and response assessment. Haematologica. 2002;87(11):1151-1156. (Pubitemid 35397773)
26. Matutes E, Wotherspoon A, Catovsky D. Differential diagnosis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2007;20(3):367-384. (Pubitemid 47260322)
27. Iannitto E, Ambrosetti A, Ammatuna E, et al. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma with or without villous lymphocytes: hematologic findings and outcomes in a series of 57 patients. Cancer. 2004; 101(9):2050-2057. (Pubitemid 39425382)
28. Arcaini L, Burcheri S, Rossi A, et al. Prevalence of HCV infection in nongastric marginal zone Bcell lymphoma of MALT. Ann Oncol. 2007;18(2): 346-350. (Pubitemid 46323104)
29. Lamb PM, Lund A, Kanagasabay RR, Martin A, Webb JA, Reznek RH. Spleen size: how well do linear ultrasound measurements correlate with three-dimensional CT volume assessments? Br J Radiol. 2002;75(895):573-577.
30. Gorg C,Weide R, Schwerk WB. Malignant splenic lymphoma: sonographic patterns, diagnosis and follow-up. Clin Radiol. 1997;52(7):535-540. (Pubitemid 127703270)
31. Gorg C, Faoro C, Bert T, Tebbe J, Neesse A, Wilhelm C. Contrast enhanced ultrasound of splenic lymphoma involvement. Eur J Radiol. [Epub ahead of print].
32. Peddu P, Shah M, Sidhu PS. Splenic abnormalities: a comparative review of ultrasound, microbubble-enhanced ultrasound and computed tomography. Clin Radiol. 2004;59(9):777-792. (Pubitemid 39232913)
33. Rutherford SC, Andemariam B, Philips SM, et al. FDG-PET in prediction of splenectomy findings in patients with known or suspected lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008;49(4):719-726. (Pubitemid 351517217)
34. Elsayes KM, Narra VR, Mukundan G, Lewis JS Jr, Menias CO, Heiken JP. MR imaging of the spleen: spectrum of abnormalities. Radiographics. 2005;25(4):967-982. (Pubitemid 41196933)
35. Matutes E, Parry-Jones N, Brito-Babapulle V, et al. The leukemic presentation of mantle-cell lymphoma: disease features and prognostic factors in 58 patients. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004;45(10): 2007-2015. (Pubitemid 39232849)
36. Matutes E, Oscier D, Montalban C, et al. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma proposals for a revision of diagnostic, staging and therapeutic criteria. Leukemia. 2008;22(2):487-495. (Pubitemid 351386718)
37. Verbunt RJ, den Ottolander GJ, Kluin PM, Brederoo P, Kluin-Nelemans HC. Circulating buttock cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leukemia. 1989;3(8):578-584. (Pubitemid 19181575)
38. Morice WG, Kurtin PJ, Hodnefield JM, et al. Predictive value of blood and bone marrow flow cytometry in B-cell lymphoma classification: comparative analysis of flow cytometry and tissue biopsy in 252 patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008; 83(7):776-785.
39. Dong HY, Weisberger J, Liu Z, Tugulea S. Immunophenotypic analysis of CD103+ B-lymphoproliferative disorders: hairy cell leukemia and its mimics. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;131(4):586-595.
40. Baseggio L, Traverse-Glehen A, Petinataud F, et al. CD5 expression identifies a subset of splenic marginal zone lymphomas with higher lymphocytosis: a clinico-pathological, cytogenetic and molecular study of 24 cases. Haematologica. 2010; 95(4):604-612.
41. Jevremovic D, Dronca RS, Morice WG, et al. CD5+ B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: beyond chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma. Leuk Res. 2010;34(9):1235-1238.
42. Dogan A, Du MQ, Aiello A, et al. Follicular lymphomas contain a clonally linked but phenotypically distinct neoplastic B-cell population in the interfollicular zone. Blood. 1998;91(12):4708-4714. (Pubitemid 28270321)
43. Wilkins BS, Clark DM. Making the most of bone marrow trephine biopsy. Histopathology. 2009; 55(6):631-640.
44. Foucar K, Falini B, Catovsky D, Stein H. Hairy cell leukemia. In: Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, eds. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon, France: IARC; 2008:188-190.
45. Chan WC, Foucar K, Morice WG, Catovsky D. T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia. In: Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, eds. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon, France: IARC; 2008:272-273.
46. Campo E, Catovsky D, Montserrat E, Muller- Hermelink HK, Harris NL, Stein H. B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. In: Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, eds. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon, France: IARC; 2008:183-184.
47. Florena AM, Tripodo C, Porcasi R, et al. Immunophenotypic profile and role of adhesion molecules in splenic marginal zone lymphoma with bone marrow involvement. Leuk Lymphoma. 2006; 47(1):49-57. (Pubitemid 43101724)
48. Costes V, Duchayne E, Taib J, et al. Intrasinusoidal bone marrow infiltration: a common growth pattern for different lymphoma subtypes. Br J Haematol. 2002;119(4):916-922. (Pubitemid 35463814)
49. Franco V, Florena AM, Campesi G. Intrasinusoidal bone marrow infiltration: a possible hallmark of splenic lymphoma. Histopathology. 1996;29(6): 571-575. (Pubitemid 26422832)
50. Piris M, Foucar K, Mollejo M, Campo E, Falini B. Splenic lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable. In: Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, eds. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon, France: IARC; 2008:191-193.
51. Traverse-Glehen A, Baseggio L, Callet-Bauchu E, et al. Hairy cell leukaemia-variant and splenic red pulp lymphoma: a single entity? Br J Haematol. 2010;150(1):113-116.
52. Gaulard P, Jaffe ES, Krenacs L, Macon WR. Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma. In: Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, eds. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon, France: IARC; 2008:292-293.
53. Piris MA, Mollejo M, Campo E, Menarguez J, Flores T, Isaacson PG. A marginal zone pattern may be found in different varieties of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the morphology and immunohistology of splenic involvement by B-cell lymphomas simulating splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Histopathology. 1998;33(3):230-239. (Pubitemid 28430512)
54. van der Walt JD. Lymphomas in the bone marrow. Diagn Histopathol. 2010;16:125-142.
55. Treon SP. How I treat Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Blood. 2009;114(12):2375-2385.
56. Dungarwalla M, Appiah-Cubi S, Kulkarni S, et al. High-grade transformation in splenic marginal zone lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes: the site of transformation influences response to therapy and prognosis. Br J Haematol. 2008;143(1):71-74.
57. Baccarani U, Terrosu G, Donini A, Zaja F, Bresadola F, Baccarani M. Splenectomy in hematology: current practice and new perspectives. Haematologica. 1999;84(5):431-436. (Pubitemid 29473134)
58. Grahn SW, Alvarez J 3rd, Kirkwood K. Trends in laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly. Arch Surg. 2006;141(8):755-761. (Pubitemid 44268513)
59. Gomez-Rubio M, Lopez-Cano A, Rendon P, et al. Safety and diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsy of the spleen: a multicenter study. J Clin Ultrasound. 2009;37(8):445-450.
60. Howard MT, Dufresne S, Swerdlow SH, Cook JR. Follicular lymphoma of the spleen: multiparameter analysis of 16 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009; 131(5):656-662.
61. Bendandi M. Aiming at a curative strategy for follicular lymphoma. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008;58(5): 305-317.
62. Ghielmini M, Zucca E. How I treat mantle cell lymphoma. Blood. 2009;114(8):1469-1476.
63. Fernandez V, Salamero O, Espinet B, et al. Genomic and gene expression profiling defines indolent forms of mantle cell lymphoma. Cancer Res. 2010;70(4):1408-1418.
64. Ruchlemer R, Wotherspoon AC, Thompson JN, Swansbury JG, Matutes E, Catovsky D. Splenectomy in mantle cell lymphoma with leukaemia: a comparison with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2002;118(2):952-958. (Pubitemid 35025956)
65. Geisler CH, Kolstad A, Laurell A, et al. Long-term progression-free survival of mantle cell lymphoma after intensive front-line immunochemotherapy with in vivo-purged stem cell rescue: a nonrandomized phase 2 multicenter study by the Nordic Lymphoma Group. Blood. 2008;112(7):2687-2693.
66. Armitage JO. How I treat patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2007;110(1):29-36. (Pubitemid 47026815)
67. Kan E, Levy I, Benharroch D. Splenic micronodular T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma: effect of prior corticosteroid therapy. Virchows Arch. 2009;455(4):337-341.
68. Grever MR. How I treat hairy cell leukemia. Blood. 2010;115(1):21-28.
69. Robak T, Robak P. Current treatment options in prolymphocytic leukemia. Med Sci Monit. 2007; 13(4):69-80.
70. Dungarwalla M, Matutes E, Dearden CE. Prolymphocytic leukaemia of B- and T-cell subtype: a state-of-the-art paper. Eur J Haematol. 2008; 80(6):469-476. (Pubitemid 351677465)
71. Perz J, Topaly J, Fruehauf S, Hensel M, Ho AD. Level of CD 20-expression and efficacy of rituximab treatment in patients with resistant or relapsing B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2002;43(1):149-151. (Pubitemid 34223984)
72. Osuji N, Matutes E, Tjonnfjord G, et al. T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia: a report on the treatment of 29 patients and a review of the literature. Cancer. 2006;107(3):570-578. (Pubitemid 44107218)
73. Lamy T, Loughran TP Jr. Clinical features of large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Semin Hematol. 2003;40(3):185-195. (Pubitemid 36842596)
74. Arcaini L, Lazzarino M, Colombo N, et al. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a prognostic model for clinical use. Blood. 2006;107(12):4643-4649. (Pubitemid 43882609)
75. Hermine O, Lefrere F, Bronowicki JP, et al. Regression of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes after treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(2):89-94. (Pubitemid 34753478)
76. Vallisa D, Bernuzzi P, Arcaini L, et al. Role of antihepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in HCV-related, low-grade, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a multicenter Italian experience. J Clin Oncol. 2005; Jan 20;23(3):468-473. (Pubitemid 46224223)
77. Thieblemont C, Felman P, Callet-Bauchu E, et al. Splenic marginal-zone lymphoma: a distinct clinical and pathological entity. Lancet Oncol. 2003; 4(2):95-103. (Pubitemid 36193169)
78. Iannitto E, Minardi V, Calvaruso G, et al. Deoxycoformycin (pentostatin) in the treatment of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) with or without villous lymphocytes. Eur J Haematol. 2005;75(2):130-135. (Pubitemid 41008283)
79. Cervetti G, Galimberti S, Sordi E, et al. Significant efficacy of 2-CdA with or without rituximab in the treatment of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). Ann Oncol. 2010;21(4):851-854.
80. Bennett M, Schechter GP. Treatment of splenic marginal zone lymphoma: splenectomy versus rituximab. Semin Hematol. 2010;47(2):143-147.
81. Tsimberidou AM, Catovsky D, Schlette E, et al. Outcomes in patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma treated with rituximab with or without chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone. Cancer. 2006;107(1):125-135. (Pubitemid 43941641)
82. Iannitto E, Luminari S, Mammi C, et al. Non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone and rituximab (R-COMP) as initial treatment for patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL): a GISL study [abstract]. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts). 2007;110: Abstract 1293.
83. Cheson BD, Rummel MJ. Bendamustine: rebirth of an old drug. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(9):1492-1501.
84. Robinson KS, Williams ME, van der Jagt RH, et al. Phase II multicenter study of bendamustine plus rituximab in patients with relapsed indolent B-cell and mantle cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(27):4473-4479.
85. Pope A. The rape of the lock. In: Miscellaneous Poems and Translations. London, United Kingdom; Bernard Lintot: 1712.