Element abundances in X-ray emitting plasmas in stars

Space Science Reviews

Volumn 157, Issue 1-4, 2010, Pages 37-55

  Testa, Paola ^a  

^a HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS   (United States)

Author keywords

Element abundances; Spectroscopy; Stars; X ray activity; X rays

Indexed keywords

CHANDRA; ELEMENT ABUNDANCES; HIGH RESOLUTION X RAY SPECTROSCOPY; LOW-MASS STARS; PLANET FORMATION; PRE-MAIN SEQUENCES; SOLAR-LIKE STARS; STELLAR INTERIOR; X-RAY ACTIVITY; X-RAY EMITTING PLASMAS; XMM-NEWTON;

X RAY SPECTROSCOPY; X RAYS;

STARS;

EID: 79952984046     PISSN: 00386308     EISSN: 15729672     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11214-010-9714-3     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. E. Anders N. Grevesse 1989 Abundances of the elements-Meteoritic and solar Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53 197 214 1989GeCoA..53..197A 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90286-X
2. H.M. Antia S. Basu 2005 The discrepancy between solar abundances and helioseismology Astrophys. J. Lett. 620 129 132 10.1086/428652 2005ApJ...620L.129A 10.1086/428652
3. C. Argiroffi A. Maggio G. Peres 2007 X-ray emission from MP Muscae: an old classical T Tauri star Astron. Astrophys. 465 5 8 10.1051/0004-6361:20067016 2007A&A...465L...5A 10.1051/0004-6361:20067016 (Pubitemid 46502746) (Pubitemid 46502746)
4. C. Argiroffi A. Maggio G. Peres B. Stelzer R. Neuhäuser 2005 XMM-Newton spectroscopy of the metal depleted T Tauri star TWA-5 Astron. Astrophys. 439 1149 1158 10.1051/0004-6361:20052729 2005A&A...439.1149A 10.1051/0004-6361:20052729 (Pubitemid 41305125) (Pubitemid 41305125)
5. M. Asplund, N. Grevesse, A.J. Sauval, The solar chemical composition, in Cosmic Abundances as Records of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis, ed. by T.G. Barnes III, F.N. Bash. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, vol. 336 (2005), p. 25
6. M. Asplund N. Grevesse A.J. Sauval P. Scott 2009 The chemical composition of the sun Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 47 481 522 10.1146/annurev.astro.46. 060407.145222 2009ARA&A..47..481A 10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222
7. M. Audard M. Güdel A. Sres A.J.J. Raassen R. Mewe 2003 A study of coronal abundances in RS CVn binaries% Astron. Astrophys. 398 1137 1149 2003A&A...398.1137A 10.1051/0004-6361:20021737
8. J.N. Bahcall S. Basu M. Pinsonneault A.M. Serenelli 2005 Helioseismological implications of recent solar abundance determinations Astrophys. J. 618 1049 1056 10.1086/426070 2005ApJ...618.1049B 10.1086/426070 (Pubitemid 40300673) (Pubitemid 40300673)
9. S. Basu H.M. Antia 2008 Helioseismology and solar abundances Phys. Rep. 457 217 283 10.1016/j.physrep.2007.12.002 2008PhR...457..217B 10.1016/j.physrep.2007.12.002
10. J. Bouret T. Lanz D.J. Hillier S.R. Heap I. Hubeny D.J. Lennon L.J. Smith C.J. Evans 2003 Quantitative spectroscopy of O stars at low metallicity: O dwarfs in NGC 346 Astrophys. J. 595 1182 1205 10.1086/377368 2003ApJ...595.1182B 10.1086/377368 (Pubitemid 37316533) (Pubitemid 37316533)
11. N.S. Brickhouse A.K. Dupree R.J. Edgar D.A. Liedahl S.A. Drake N.E. White K.P. Singh 2000 Coronal structure and abundances of capella from simultaneous EUVE and ASCA spectroscopy Astrophys. J. 530 387 402 10.1086/308350 2000ApJ...530..387B 10.1086/308350
12. A.C. Brinkman E. Behar M. Güdel M. Audard A.J.F. den Boggende G. Branduardi-Raymont J. Cottam C. Erd J.W. den Herder F. Jansen J.S. Kaastra S.M. Kahn R. Mewe F.B.S. Paerels J.R. Peterson A.P. Rasmussen I. Sakelliou C. de Vries 2001 First light measurements with the XMM-Newton reflection grating spectrometers: Evidence for an inverse first ionisation potential effect and anomalous Ne abundance in the Coronae of HR 1099 Astron. Astrophys. 365 324 328 10.1051/0004-6361:20000047 2001A&A...365L.324B 10.1051/0004-6361:20000047 (Pubitemid 32960261) (Pubitemid 32960261)
13. D.H. Cohen M.A. Leutenegger E.E. Wollman J. Zsargó D.J. Hillier R.H.D. Townsend S.P. Owocki 2010 A mass-loss rate determination for ζ Puppis from the quantitative analysis of X-ray emission-line profiles Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 405 2391 2405 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16606.x 2010MNRAS.405.2391C
14. K. Cunha I. Hubeny T. Lanz 2006 Neon abundances in B stars of the orion association: Solving the solar model problem? Astrophys. J. Lett. 647 143 146 10.1086/507301 2006ApJ...647L.143C 10.1086/507301 (Pubitemid 44368262) (Pubitemid 44368262)
15. G.A. Doschek 1990 Soft X-ray spectroscopy of solar flares-an overview Astrophys. J. Suppl. 73 117 130 10.1086/191443 1990ApJS...73..117D 10.1086/191443
16. J.J. Drake 2003 Chemical fractionation and abundances in coronal plasma Adv. Space Res. 32 945 954 2003AdSpR..32..945D 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00296-5 (Pubitemid 37396227) (Pubitemid 37396227)
17. J.J. Drake 2003 From the heart of the ghoul: C and N abundances in the corona of Algol B Astrophys. J. 594 496 509 2003ApJ...594..496D 10.1086/375837 (Pubitemid 37223676) (Pubitemid 37223676)
18. J.J. Drake P. Testa 2005 The 'solar model problem' solved by the abundance of neon in nearby stars Nature 436 525 528 10.1038/nature03803 2005Natur.436..525D 10.1038/nature03803 (Pubitemid 41112922) (Pubitemid 41112922)
19. J.J. Drake J.M. Laming K.G. Widing 1995 Stellar coronal abundances. 2: The first ionization potential effect and its absence in the corona of Procyon Astrophys. J. 443 393 415 1995ApJ...443..393D 10.1086/175533
20. J.J. Drake J.M. Laming K.G. Widing 1997 Stellar coronal abundances. V. Evidence for the first ionization potential effect in alpha centauri Astrophys. J. 478 403 1997ApJ...478..403D 10.1086/303755
21. J.J. Drake P. Testa L. Hartmann 2005 X-ray diagnostics of grain depletion in matter accreting onto T Tauri stars Astrophys. J. Lett. 627 149 152 10.1086/432468 2005ApJ...627L.149D 10.1086/432468 (Pubitemid 41389758) (Pubitemid 41389758)
22. F. Favata J.H.M.M. Schmitt 1999 Spectroscopic analysis of a super-hot giant flare observed on Algol by BeppoSAX on 30 August 1997 Astron. Astrophys. 350 900 916 1999A&A...350..900F (Pubitemid 129650303) (Pubitemid 129650303)
23. F. Favata C. Neiner P. Testa G. Hussain J. Sanz-Forcada 2009 Testing magnetically confined wind shock models for β Cephei using XMM-Newton and Chandra phase-resolved X-ray observations Astron. Astrophys. 495 217 229 10.1051/0004-6361:20078529 2009A&A...495..217F 10.1051/0004-6361:20078529
24. U. Feldman 1992 Elemental abundances in the upper solar atmosphere Phys. Scr. 46 202 220 10.1088/0031-8949/46/3/002 1992PhyS...46..202F 10.1088/0031-8949/46/3/002
25. U. Feldman K.G. Widing 1990 Photospheric abundances of oxygen, neon, and argon derived from the XUV spectrum of an impulsive flare Astrophys. J. 363 292 298 10.1086/169341 1990ApJ...363..292F 10.1086/169341
26. 6 K coronal plasma Astrophys. J. 609 439 451 10.1086/420964 2004ApJ...609..439F 10.1086/420964 (Pubitemid 39046767) (Pubitemid 39046767)
27. G.H. Fisher R.C. Canfield A.N. McClymont 1985 Flare loop radiative hydrodynamics. V-Response to thick-target heating. VI-Chromospheric evaporation due to heating by nonthermal electrons. VII-Dynamics of the thick-target heated chromosphere Astrophys. J. 289 414 441 10.1086/162901 1985ApJ...289..414F 10.1086/162901
28. D. García-Alvarez J.J. Drake P. Testa 2009 Neon and chemical fractionation trends in late-type stellar atmospheres E. Stempels (eds) American Institute of Physics Conference Series 1094 10.1063/1.3099236
29. D. García-Alvarez, J.J. Drake, P. Testa, Neon and chemical fractionation trends in late-type stellar atmospheres, in American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 1094, ed. by E. Stempels. (2009), pp. 796-799. doi: 10.1063/1.3099236
30. D. García-Alvarez J.J. Drake L. Lin V.L. Kashyap B. Ball 2005 The coronae of AB Doradus and V471 Tauri: Primordial angular momentum versus tidal spin-up Astrophys. J. 621 1009 1022 10.1086/427721 2005ApJ...621.1009G 10.1086/427721 (Pubitemid 40653223) (Pubitemid 40653223)
31. M. Güdel J.L. Linsky A. Brown F. Nagase 1999 Flaring and quiescent coronae of UX Arietis: Results from ASCA and EUVE campaigns Astrophys. J. 511 405 421 1999ApJ...511..405G 10.1086/306651
32. M. Güdel M. Audard K. Briggs F. Haberl H. Magee A. Maggio R. Mewe R. Pallavicini J. Pye 2001 The XMM-Newton view of stellar coronae: X-ray spectroscopy of the corona of AB Doradus Astron. Astrophys. 365 336 343 10.1051/0004-6361:20000220 (Pubitemid 32960263) (Pubitemid 32960263)
33. N. Grevesse A.J. Sauval 1998 Standard solar composition Space Sci. Rev. 85 161 174 1998SSRv...85..161G 10.1023/A:1005161325181 (Pubitemid 128691491) (Pubitemid 128691491)
34. M. Güdel 2007 The Sun in time: Activity and environment Living Rev. Sol. Phys. 4 3 2007LRSP....4....3G
35. M. Güdel Y. Nazé 2009 X-ray spectroscopy of stars Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 17 309 408 10.1007/s00159-009-0022-4 2009A&ARv..17..309G 10.1007/s00159-009-0022-4
36. M. Güdel A. Telleschi 2007 The X-ray soft excess in classical T Tauri stars Astron. Astrophys. 474 25 28 10.1051/0004-6361:20078143 10.1051/0004-6361:20078143 (Pubitemid 350006543) (Pubitemid 350006543)
37. M. Güdel K.R. Briggs K. Arzner M. Audard J. Bouvier E.D. Feigelson E. Franciosini A. Glauser N. Grosso G. Micela J.L. Monin T. Montmerle D.L. Padgett F. Palla I. Pillitteri L. Rebull L. Scelsi B. Silva S.L. Skinner B. Stelzer A. Telleschi 2007 The XMM-Newton extended survey of the Taurus molecular cloud (XEST) Astron. Astrophys. 468 353 377 10.1051/0004-6361:20065724 2007A&A...468..353G 10.1051/0004-6361:20065724 (Pubitemid 46911092) (Pubitemid 46911092)
38. M. Güdel S.L. Skinner S.Y. Mel'Nikov M. Audard A. Telleschi K.R. Briggs 2007 X-rays from T Tauri: a test case for accreting T Tauri stars Astron. Astrophys. 468 529 540 10.1051/0004-6361:20066318 2007A&A...468..529G 10.1051/0004-6361:20066318 (Pubitemid 46911103) (Pubitemid 46911103)
39. H.M. Günther C. Liefke J.H.M.M. Schmitt J. Robrade J.U. Ness 2006 X-ray accretion signatures in the close CTTS binary V4046 Sagittarii Astron. Astrophys. 459 29 32 10.1051/0004-6361:20066306 10.1051/0004-6361:20066306 (Pubitemid 44746964) (Pubitemid 44746964)
40. J. Henoux 1995 Models for explaining the observed spatial variation of element abundances-A review Adv. Space Res. 15 23 10.1016/0273-1177(94)00015-S 1995AdSpR..15...23H 10.1016/0273-1177(94)00015-S
41. T. Hirayama 1974 Theoretical model of flares and prominences. I: Evaporating flare model Sol. Phys. 34 323 338 10.1007/BF00153671 1974SoPh...34..323H 10.1007/BF00153671
42. J. Holmberg B. Nordström J. Andersen 2007 The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood II. New uvby calibrations and rediscussion of stellar ages, the G dwarf problem, age-metallicity diagram, and heating mechanisms of the disk Astron. Astrophys. 475 519 537 10.1051/0004-6361:20077221 2007A&A...475..519H 10.1051/0004-6361:20077221 (Pubitemid 350178554) (Pubitemid 350178554)
43. D.P. Huenemoerder C.R. Canizares N.S. Schulz 2001 X-Ray spectroscopy of II Pegasi: Coronal temperature structure, abundances, and variability Astrophys. J. 559 1135 1146 2001ApJ...559.1135H 10.1086/322419
44. D.P. Huenemoerder, J.H. Kastner, P. Testa, N.S. Schulz, D.A. Weintraub, Evidence for accretion in the high-resolution X-ray spectrum of the T Tauri star system Hen 3-600. Astrophys. J. 671 (2007)
45. 1 Ori E Astrophys. J. 707 942 953 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/942 2009ApJ...707..942H 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/942
46. C. Jordan, G.A. Doschek, J.J. Drake, A.B. Galvin, J.C. Raymond, Coronal abundances: What are they?, in Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, ed. by R.A. Donahue, J.A. Bookbinder. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, vol. 154 (1998), p. 91
47. S.M. Kahn M.A. Leutenegger J. Cottam G. Rauw J. Vreux A.J.F. den Boggende R. Mewe M. Güdel 2001 High resolution X-ray spectroscopy of zeta Puppis with the XMM-Newton reflection grating spectrometer Astron. Astrophys. 365 312 317 10.1051/0004-6361:20000093 2001A&A...365L.312K 10.1051/0004-6361: 20000093 (Pubitemid 32960259) (Pubitemid 32960259)
48. J.C. Kasper M.L. Stevens A.J. Lazarus J.T. Steinberg K.W. Ogilvie 2007 Solar wind helium abundance as a function of speed and heliographic latitude: Variation through a solar cycle Astrophys. J. 660 901 910 10.1086/510842 2007ApJ...660..901K 10.1086/510842
49. J.H. Kastner D.P. Huenemoerder N.S. Schulz C.R. Canizares D.A. Weintraub 2002 Evidence for accretion: High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the classical T Tauri star TW hydrae Astrophys. J. 567 434 440 2002ApJ...567..434K 10.1086/338419 (Pubitemid 37394326) (Pubitemid 37394326)
50. J.M. Laming 2004 A unified picture of the first ionization potential and inverse first ionization potential effects Astrophys. J. 614 1063 1072 10.1086/423780 2004ApJ...614.1063L 10.1086/423780 (Pubitemid 39604691) (Pubitemid 39604691)
51. J.M. Laming 2009 Non-Wkb models of the first ionization potential effect: Implications for solar coronal heating and the coronal helium and neon abundances Astrophys. J. 695 954 969 10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/954 2009ApJ...695..954L 10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/954
52. J.M. Laming J.J. Drake 1999 Stellar coronal abundances. VI. The first ionization potential effect and XI Bootis A: Solar-like anomalies at intermediate-activity levels Astrophys. J. 516 324 334 10.1086/307112 1999ApJ...516..324L 10.1086/307112
53. J.M. Laming J.J. Drake K.G. Widing 1995 Stellar coronal abundances. 3: The solar first ionization potential effect determined from full-disk observation Astrophys. J. 443 416 422 10.1086/175534 1995ApJ...443..416L 10.1086/175534
54. J.M. Laming J.J. Drake K.G. Widing 1996 Stellar coronal abundances. IV. Evidence of the FIP effect in the corona of ε Eridani Astrophys. J. 462 948 10.1086/177208 1996ApJ...462..948L 10.1086/177208
55. R. Lopes de Oliveira C. Motch M.A. Smith I. Negueruela J.M. Torrejón 2007 On the X-ray and optical properties of the Be star HD 110432: a very hard-thermal X-ray emitter Astron. Astrophys. 474 983 996 10.1051/0004-6361:20077295 2007A&A...474..983L 10.1051/0004-6361:20077295 (Pubitemid 350099642) (Pubitemid 350099642)
56. L.B. Lucy R.L. White 1980 X-ray emission from the winds of hot stars Astrophys. J. 241 300 305 10.1086/158342 1980ApJ...241..300L 10.1086/158342
57. A. Maggio E. Flaccomio F. Favata G. Micela S. Sciortino E.D. Feigelson K.V. Getman 2007 Coronal abundances in Orion nebula cluster stars Astrophys. J. 660 1462 1479 10.1086/513088 2007ApJ...660.1462M 10.1086/513088
58. L. Malinovsky M. Heroux 1973 An analysis of the solar extreme-ultraviolet between 50 and 300 A Astrophys. J. 181 1009 1030 10.1086/152108 1973ApJ...181.1009M 10.1086/152108
59. J. Meyer 1985 The baseline composition of solar energetic particles Astrophys. J. Suppl. 57 151 171 10.1086/191000 1985ApJS...57..151M 10.1086/191000
60. T. Morel K. Butler 2008 The neon content of nearby B-type stars and its implications for the solar model problem Astron. Astrophys. 487 307 315 10.1051/0004-6361:200809924 2008A&A...487..307M 10.1051/0004-6361:200809924
61. R.J. Murphy 2007 Solar gamma-ray spectroscopy Space Sci. Rev. 130 127 138 10.1007/s11214-007-9197-z 2007SSRv..130..127M 10.1007/s11214-007-9197-z (Pubitemid 47476521) (Pubitemid 47476521)
62. R. Nordon E. Behar 2008 Abundance variations and first ionization potential trends during large stellar flares Astron. Astrophys. 482 639 651 10.1051/0004-6361:20078848 2008A&A...482..639N 10.1051/0004-6361:20078848 (Pubitemid 351555173) (Pubitemid 351555173)
63. S.P. Owocki J.I. Castor G.B. Rybicki 1988 Time-dependent models of radiatively driven stellar winds. I-Nonlinear evolution of instabilities for a pure absorption model Astrophys. J. 335 914 930 10.1086/166977 1988ApJ...335..914O 10.1086/166977
64. R. Pallavicini G. Tagliaferri A. Maggio 2000 X-ray spectroscopy of stellar coronae with BeppoSAX Adv. Space Res. 25 517 522 10.1016/S0273-1177(99) 00791-7 2000AdSpR..25..517P 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00791-7
65. K.J.H. Phillips J. Sylwester B. Sylwester E. Landi 2003 Solar flare abundances of potassium, argon, and sulphur Astrophys. J. Lett. 589 113 116 10.1086/375853 2003ApJ...589L.113P 10.1086/375853 (Pubitemid 37095212) (Pubitemid 37095212)
66. T. Preibisch Y.C. Kim F. Favata E.D. Feigelson E. Flaccomio K. Getman G. Micela S. Sciortino K. Stassun B. Stelzer H. Zinnecker 2005 The origin of T Tauri X-ray emission: New insights from the Chandra Orion ultradeep project Astrophys. J. Suppl. 160 401 422 10.1086/432891 2005ApJS..160..401P 10.1086/432891 (Pubitemid 41567370) (Pubitemid 41567370)
67. N. Przybilla M. Nieva K. Butler 2008 A cosmic abundance standard: Chemical homogeneity of the solar neighborhood and the ISM dust-phase composition Astrophys. J. Lett. 688 103 106 10.1086/595618 2008ApJ...688L.103P 10.1086/595618
68. J. Puls J.S. Vink F. Najarro 2008 Mass loss from hot massive stars Astron. Astrophys. Lett. 16 209 325 10.1007/s00159-008-0015-8 2008A&ARv..16..209P 10.1007/s00159-008-0015-8
69. G. Rauw Y. Nazé L.M. Oskinova 2008 X-ray spectroscopy of early-type stars: The present and the future Astron. Nachr. 329 222 225 10.1002/asna.200710918 2008AN....329..222R 10.1002/asna.200710918
70. J.C. Raymond J.L. Kohl G. Noci E. Antonucci G. Tondello M.C.E. Huber L.D. Gardner P. Nicolosi S. Fineschi M. Romoli D. Spadaro O.H.W. Siegmund C. Benna A. Ciaravella S. Cranmer S. Giordano M. Karovska R. Martin J. Michels A. Modigliani G. Naletto A. Panasyuk C. Pernechele G. Poletto P.L. Smith R.M. Suleiman L. Strachan 1997 Composition of coronal streamers from the SOHO ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer Sol. Phys. 175 645 665 10.1023/A: 1004948423169 1997SoPh..175..645R 10.1023/A:1004948423169 (Pubitemid 128020144) (Pubitemid 128020144)
71. J.C. Raymond R. Suleiman J.L. Kohl G. Noci 1998 Elemental abundances in coronal structures Space Sci. Rev. 85 283 289 10.1023/A:1005162803316 1998SSRv...85..283R 10.1023/A:1005162803316 (Pubitemid 128691499) (Pubitemid 128691499)
72. J. Robrade J.H.M.M. Schmitt 2006 XMM-Newton X-ray spectroscopy of classical T Tauri stars Astron. Astrophys. 449 737 747 10.1051/0004-6361: 20054247 2006A&A...449..737R 10.1051/0004-6361:20054247
73. J. Robrade J.H.M.M. Schmitt 2007 X-rays from RU Lupi: accretion and winds in classical T Tauri stars Astron. Astrophys. 473 229 238 10.1051/0004-6361: 20077644 2007A&A...473..229R 10.1051/0004-6361:20077644 (Pubitemid 47508078) (Pubitemid 47508078)
74. J. Robrade J.H.M.M. Schmitt F. Favata 2008 Neon and oxygen in low activity stars: towards a coronal unification with the Sun Astron. Astrophys. 486 995 1002 10.1051/0004-6361:200809690 2008A&A...486..995R 10.1051/0004-6361:200809690
75. J. Sanz-Forcada L. Affer G. Micela 2009 No first ionization potential fractionation in the active stars AR Piscium and AY Ceti Astron. Astrophys. 505 299 306 10.1051/0004-6361/200912069 2009A&A...505..299S 10.1051/0004-6361/ 200912069
76. J. Sanz-Forcada F. Favata G. Micela 2004 Coronal versus photospheric abundances of stars with different activity levels Astron. Astrophys. 416 281 290 2004A&A...416..281S 10.1051/0004-6361:20034466
77. J. Sanz-Forcada A. Maggio G. Micela 2003 Three years in the coronal life of AB Dor. I. Plasma emission measure distributions and abundances at different activity levels Astron. Astrophys. 408 1087 1102 2003A&A...408.1087S 10.1051/0004-6361:20031025
78. L. Scelsi A. Maggio G. Micela K. Briggs M. Güdel 2007 Coronal abundances of X-ray bright pre-main sequence stars in the Taurus molecular cloud Astron. Astrophys. 473 589 601 10.1051/0004-6361:20077792 2007A&A...473.. 589S 10.1051/0004-6361:20077792 (Pubitemid 47524380) (Pubitemid 47524380)
79. J.H.M.M. Schmitt J. Ness 2002 Carbon and nitrogen abundances in the coronae of Algol B and other evolved stars: Evidence for CNO-cycle processed material Astron. Astrophys. 388 13 16 10.1051/0004-6361:20020558 2002A&A...388L..13S 10.1051/0004-6361:20020558
80. J.H.M.M. Schmitt R.A. Stern J.J. Drake M. Kuerster 1996 CF Tucanae: Another case of coronal MAD syndrome Astrophys. J. 464 898 10.1086/177378 1996ApJ...464..898S 10.1086/177378 (Pubitemid 126082458) (Pubitemid 126082458)
81. J.H.M.M. Schmitt J. Robrade J.U. Ness F. Favata B. Stelzer 2005 X-rays from accretion shocks in T Tauri stars: The case of BP Tau Astron. Astrophys. 432 35 38 10.1051/0004-6361:200500014 2005A&A...432L..35S 10.1051/0004-6361:200500014 (Pubitemid 40384735) (Pubitemid 40384735)
82. K.P. Singh S.A. Drake E.V. Gotthelf N.E. White 1999 X-ray spectroscopy of rapidly rotating, late-type dwarf stars Astrophys. J. 512 874 891 1999ApJ...512..874S 10.1086/306788
83. R.K. Smith N.S. Brickhouse D.A. Liedahl J.C. Raymond 2001 Collisional plasma models with APEC/APED: Emission-line diagnostics of hydrogen-like and helium-like ions Astrophys. J. Lett. 556 91 95 2001ApJ...556L..91S 10.1086/322992
84. B. Stelzer J.H.M.M. Schmitt 2004 X-ray emission from a metal depleted accretion shock onto the classical T Tauri star TW Hya Astron. Astrophys. 418 687 697 2004A&A...418..687S 10.1051/0004-6361:20040041
85. B. Sylwester J. Sylwester K.J.H. Phillips 2010 Soft X-ray coronal spectra at low activity levels observed by RESIK Astron. Astrophys. 514 82 10.1051/0004-6361/200912907 2010A&A...514A..82S 10.1051/0004-6361/200912907
86. J. Sylwester J.R. Lemen R. Mewe 1984 Variation in observed coronal calcium abundance of X-ray flare plasmas Nature 310 665 10.1038/310665a0 1984Natur.310..665S 10.1038/310665a0
87. A. Telleschi M. Güdel K. Briggs M. Audard J.U. Ness S.L. Skinner 2005 Coronal evolution of the Sun in time: High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of solar analogs with different ages Astrophys. J. 622 653 679 10.1086/428109 2005ApJ...622..653T 10.1086/428109 (Pubitemid 40669447) (Pubitemid 40669447)
88. A. Telleschi M. Güdel K.R. Briggs M. Audard L. Scelsi 2007 High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of T Tauri stars in the Taurus-Auriga complex Astron. Astrophys. 468 443 462 10.1051/0004-6361:20066193 2007A&A...468.. 443T 10.1051/0004-6361:20066193 (Pubitemid 46911098) (Pubitemid 46911098)
89. P. Testa 2010 X-ray emission processes in stars and their immediate environment Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107 7158 7163 10.1073/pnas.0913822107 2010PNAS..107.7158T 10.1073/pnas.0913822107
90. P. Testa F. Reale D. Garcia-Alvarez D.P. Huenemoerder 2007 Detailed diagnostics of an X-ray flare in the single giant HR 9024 Astrophys. J. 663 1232 1243 10.1086/518241 2007ApJ...663.1232T 10.1086/518241
91. W. Wang X. Liu 2008 Are oxygen and neon enriched in PNe and is the current solar Ne/O abundance ratio underestimated? Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 389 33 37 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00516.x 2008MNRAS.389L..33W 10.1111/j.1365-2966. 2008.13614.x
92. S.M. White R.J. Thomas J.W. Brosius M.R. Kundu 2000 The absolute abundance of iron in the solar corona Astrophys. J. Lett. 534 203 206 10.1086/312673 2000ApJ...534L.203W 10.1086/312673
93. K.G. Widing U. Feldman 2001 On the rate of abundance modifications versus time in active region plasmas Astrophys. J. 555 426 434 10.1086/321482 2001ApJ...555..426W 10.1086/321482
94. D.J. Wilner P. D'Alessio N. Calvet M.J. Claussen L. Hartmann 2005 Toward planetesimals in the disk around TW hydrae: 3.5 centimeter dust emission Astrophys. J. Lett. 626 109 112 10.1086/431757 2005ApJ...626L.109W 10.1086/431757 (Pubitemid 41151799) (Pubitemid 41151799)
95. B.E. Wood J.L. Linsky 2006 Coronal emission measures and abundances for moderately active K dwarfs observed by Chandra Astrophys. J. 643 444 459 10.1086/501521 2006ApJ...643..444W 10.1086/501521 (Pubitemid 44035218) (Pubitemid 44035218)
96. B.E. Wood, J.L. Linsky, Resolving the Xi Boo binary with Chandra, and revealing the spectral type dependence of the coronal "FIP effect" (2010)
97. P.R. Young 2005 The Ne/O abundance ratio in the quiet Sun Astron. Astrophys. 444 45 48 10.1051/0004-6361:200500206 2005A&A...444L..45Y 10.1051/0004-6361:200500206 (Pubitemid 41796854) (Pubitemid 41796854)
98. S.A. Zhekov F. Palla 2007 X-rays from massive OB stars: thermal emission from radiative shocks Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 382 1124 1132 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12286.x 2007MNRAS.382.1124Z 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007. 12286.x