Risks of pregnancy for women with Turner syndrome

Expert Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 217-227

  Hadnott, Tracy N ^a   Bondy, Carolyn A ^a  

^a EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

Author keywords

aortic dilation; aortic dissection; maternal risks; monosomy X; pregnancy; Turner syndrome

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CONCEPTION; HIGH RISK PREGNANCY; HUMAN; KARYOTYPE; MATERNAL AGE; MULTIPLE PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; REVIEW; TURNER SYNDROME;

EID: 79952918852     PISSN: 17474108     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/eog.11.7     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Stochholm K, Juul S, Juel K, Naeraa RW, Gravholt CH. Prevalence, incidence, diagnostic delay, and mortality in Turner syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91(10), 3897-3902 (2006). (Pubitemid 44536861)
2. Bondy C. Turner Syndrome. In:Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility: Integrating Modern Clinical and Laboratory Practice. Doulglas C, Peterson C (Eds). Springer Science and Business Media, New York, USA, 307-324 (2010).
3. Hovatta O. Pregnancies in women with Turner's syndrome. Ann. Med. 31(2), 106-110 (1999). (Pubitemid 29209865)
4. Gravholt CH, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Stochholm K et al. Clinical and epidemiological description of aortic dissection in Turner's syndrome. Cardiol. Young. 16(5), 430-436 (2006). Discussion of aortic dissection pathophysiology and epidemiology in the Turner syndrome (TS) population, with a case of late postpartum aortic dissection. (Pubitemid 44596617)
5. Bondy CA. Aortic dissection in Turner syndrome. Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 23(6), 519-526 (2008).
6. Lang R and Borow K. Heart disease. In:Medical Disorders During Pregnancy Barron W, Lindheimer M (Eds). Mosby Inc, St Louis, USA (2000).
7. Elkayam U, Ostrzega E, Shotan A, Mehra A. Cardiovascular problems in pregnant women with the Marfan syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 123(2), 117-122 (1995).
8. Simpson LL, Athanassious AM, D'Alton ME. Marfan syndrome in pregnancy. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 9(5), 337-341 (1997). (Pubitemid 27449099)
9. Karnis MF, Zimon AE, Lalwani SI, Timmreck LS, Klipstein S, Reindollar RH. Risk of death in pregnancy achieved through oocyte donation in patients with Turner syndrome: A national survey. Fertil. Steril. 80(3), 498-501 (2003). Systematic medical literature review and national survey of assisted pregnancy outcomes in women with TS. (Pubitemid 37102856)
10. Practice Committee, American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Increased maternal cardiovascular mortality associated with pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome. Fertil. Steril. 83(4), 1074-1075 (2005). Initial American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) guidelines for the use of assisted reproductive technologies in TS patients.
11. Boissonnas CC, Davy C, Bornes M et al. Careful cardiovascular screening and follow-up of women with Turner syndrome before and during pregnancy is necessary to prevent maternal mortality. Fertil. Steril. 91(3), 929.e5-7 (2009).
12. Bondy C, Rosing D, Reindollar R. Cardiovascular risks of pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome. Fertil. Steril. 91(5), e31-e32; author reply e34 (2009). Response to ASRM guidelines and description of a patient who died secondary to an aortic dissection 3 years postpartum.
13. Silberbach M. Susceptibility to aortic dissection in Turner syndrome pregnancy: Inadequacy of the ASRM Practice Committee Report. Fertil. Steril. 91(5), e33; author reply e34 (2009).
14. Cabanes L, Chalas C, Christin-Maitre S et al. Turner syndrome and pregnancy: Clinical practice. Recommendations for the management of patients with Turner syndrome before and during pregnancy. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 152(1), 18-24 (2010).
15. Mortensen KH, Rohde MD, Uldbjerg N, Gravholt CH. Repeated spontaneous pregnancies in 45,X Turner syndrome. Obstet. Gynecol. 115(2 Pt 2), 446-449 (2010).
16. Chevalier N, Bstandig B, Galand-Portier MB, Isnard V, Bongain A, Fenichel P. Oocyte donation in patients with Turner syndrome: A high-risk pregnancy. Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris) 70(4), 246-251 (2009).
17. Georgopoulos NA, Adonakis G, Papadopoulos V, Vagenakis GA, Tsoukas A, Decavalas G. Feto-maternal risks associated with pregnancy achieved through oocyte donation in a woman with Turner syndrome. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 25(6), 383-386 (2009).
18. Makrakis E, Papagianni V, Deligeoroglou E. A unique case of trichorionic quadruplet pregnancy after oocyte donation in a patient with Turner's syndrome. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 25(7), 460-463 (2009).
19. Manno M, Tomei F, Cervi M, Gaspardo G, Antonini-Canterin F, Nicolosi G. Homologous in vitro fertilization in Turner syndrome: Insights from a case report. Fertil. Steril. 91(4), 1294.e1-4 (2009).
20. Calcaterra V, Lanzarini L, Guerci B et al. Pregnancy in a woman with Turner syndrome, celiac disease. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 30(7), 598-600 (2007). (Pubitemid 47577813)
21. Bodri D, Vernaeve V, Figueras F, Vidal R, Guillen JJ, Coll O. Oocyte donation in patients with Turner's syndrome: A successful technique but with an accompanying high risk of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Hum. Reprod. 21(3), 829-832 (2006). (Pubitemid 43372994)
22. Jez W, Makiela E, Lewandowski P. Pregnancy in a woman with Turner syndrome- two new cases. Ginekol. Pol. 77(4), 307-309 (2006).
23. Kulkarni A, Wardle P. Pregnancies at a late reproductive age in a patient with Turner's syndrome: Case report and review of the literature. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 19(1), 65-66 (2006).
24. Su PH, Chen JY, Chen SJ et al. 45,X/46,XX mosaicism in a mother and one of her discordant monozygotic twin daughters: Report of one case. Acta Paediatr. Taiwan 47(5), 252-254 (2006).
25. Livadas S, Xekouki P, Kafiri G, Voutetakis A, Maniati-Christidi M, Dacou-Voutetakis C. Spontaneous pregnancy and birth of a normal female from a woman with Turner syndrome and elevated gonadotropins. Fertil. Steril. 83(3), 769-772 (2005). (Pubitemid 40348598)
26. Cools M, Rooman RP, Wauters J, Jacqemyn Y, Du Caju MV. A nonmosaic 45,X karyotype in a mother with Turner's syndrome and in her daughter. Fertil. Steril. 82(4), 923-925 (2004). (Pubitemid 39346440)
27. Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Bryman I, Hanson C, Hanson L. Spontaneous pregnancies in a Turner syndrome woman with Y-chromosome mosaicism. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 21(6), 229-230 (2004). Case report of two pregnancies in an undiagnosed woman, highlighting the potential for under-reporting of successful pregnancies in TS. (Pubitemid 39221160)
28. Acharya G, Jonsrud C, van der Hagen C, Maltau JM. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal hydrops associated with Down's syndrome in a 40-year-old woman with a mosaic Turner's karyotype (45,X/47,XXX). Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 82(8), 773-774 (2003). (Pubitemid 36898060)
29. Rizk DE, Deb P. A spontaneous and uneventful pregnancy in a Turner mosaic with previous recurrent miscarriages. J. Pediatr. Adolesc. Gynecol. 16(2), 87-88 (2003). (Pubitemid 36565432)
30. Yuge A, Takai N, Nishida Y, Narahara H, Miyakawa I. Spontaneous pregnancy in a 45,X/46,X,r (X) Turner's mosaic patient. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 82(8), 775-776 (2003). (Pubitemid 36898061)
31. Zielinski T, Sirko I. Pregnancy in a patient with Turner syndrome. Ginekol. Pol. 74(10), 1367-1369 (2003).
32. Beauchesne LM, Connolly HM, Ammash NM, Warnes CA. Coarctation of the aorta: Outcome of pregnancy. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 38(6), 1728-1733 (2001). (Pubitemid 33065462)
33. Lukács Valéria H, Tardy Erika P, Molnár I, Tóth A. Familial occurence of Turner syndrome. Orvosi Hetilap. 141(45), 2443-2446 (2000).
34. Weytjens C, Bove T, Van Der Niepen P. Aortic dissection and Turner's syndrome. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino) 41(2), 295-297 (2000). (Pubitemid 30386536)
35. Garvey P, Elovitz M, Landsberger EJ. Aortic dissection and myocardial infarction in a pregnant patient with Turner syndrome. Obstet. Gynecol. 91(5 Pt 2), 864 (1998). (Pubitemid 28186111)
36. Lesniewicz R, Panasiuk B, Midro AT. Spontaneous menstruation in patients with Turner syndrome in our observations. Ginekol. Pol. 69(12), 1245-1252 (1998).
37. Magee AC, Nevin NC, Armstrong MJ, McGibbon D, Nevin J. Ullrich-Turner syndrome: Seven pregnancies in an apparent 45,X woman. Am. J. Med. Genet. 75(1), 1-3 (1998). (Pubitemid 28027961)
38. Roglic A, Kastelan D, Kozic-Rukavina B, Korsic M. Turner's syndrome- case report of a female patient with chromosome mosaicism. Lijec. Vjesn. 120(7-8), 210-212 (1998).
39. Tarani L, Lampariello S, Raguso G et al. Pregnancy in patients with Turner's syndrome: Six new cases and review of literature. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 12(2), 83-87 (1998). (Pubitemid 28230356)
40. Blumenthal AL, Allanson JE. Turner syndrome in a mother and daughter: R(X) and fertility. Clin. Genet. 52(3), 187-191 (1997). (Pubitemid 27394170)
41. James RS, Sharp AJ, Cockwell AE, Coppin B, Jacobs PA. Evidence for a cryptic 46,XX cell line in a 45,X/46,X,psu idic(Xq) patient with normal reproduction. J. Med. Genet. 34(12), 1030-1032 (1997). (Pubitemid 27522114)
42. Nagel TC, Tesch LG. ART and high risk patients! Fertil. Steril. 68(4), 748-749 (1997).
43. Uehara S, Nata M, Obara Y, Niinuma T, Funato T, Yajima A. A Turner syndrome woman with a ring X chromosome [45,X/46,X,r(X)(p22.3q27)] whose child also had a ring X chromosome. Fertil. Steril. 67(3), 576-579 (1997). (Pubitemid 27085980)
44. Ditkoff EC, Vidali A, Sauer MV. Pregnancy in a woman with Turner mosaicism following ovarian stimulation and in vitro fertilization. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 13(5), 447-448 (1996). (Pubitemid 26161578)
45. Taga M, Minaguchi H, Saotome K. Two pregnancies in a 45,X/46,Xr(X)/46,XX Turner mosaic patient. A case report. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 42(3), 206-208 (1996). (Pubitemid 26354091)
46. Gutiérrez Gutierrez AM, Grimalt L, Remohí J, Pellicer A. Twin pregnancy after oocyte donation in a woman with Turner syndrome. Ginecol. Obstet. Mex. 62, 182-184 (1994).
47. Palka G, Calabrese G, Stuppia L et al. A woman with an apparent non-mosaic 45,X delivered a 46,X,der(X) liveborn female. Clin. Genet. 45(2), 93-96 (1994). (Pubitemid 24081599)
48. Varela M, Shapira E, Hyman DB. Ullrich-Turner syndrome in mother and daughter: Prenatal diagnosis of a 46,X,del(X)(p21) offspring from a 45,X mother with low-level mosaicism for the del(X)(p21) in one ovary. Am. J. Med. Genet. 39(4), 411-412 (1991).
49. Kaneko N, Kawagoe S, Hiroi M. Turner's syndrome- review of the literature with reference to a successful pregnancy outcome. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 29(2), 81-87 (1990). (Pubitemid 20113470)
50. Swapp GH, Johnston AW, Watt JL, Couzin DA, Stephen GS. A fertile woman with non-mosaic Turner's syndrome. Case report and review of the literature. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 96(7), 876-880 (1989). (Pubitemid 19186648)
51. Baudier MM, Chihal HJ, Dickey RP. Pregnancy and reproductive function in a patient with non-mosaic Turner syndrome. Obstet. Gynecol. 65(Suppl. 3), 60S-64S (1985). (Pubitemid 15133785)
52. McCorquodale MM, Bowdle FC. Two pregnancies and the loss of the 46,XX cell line in a 45,X/46,XX Turner mosaic patient. Fertil. Steril. 43(2), 229-233 (1985). (Pubitemid 15127347)
53. Ayuso MC, Bello MJ, Benitez J, Sanchez- Cascos A, Mendoza G. Two fertile Turner women in a family. Clin. Genet. 26(6), 591-596 (1984). (Pubitemid 15209301)
54. Badawy SZ, Sunderji SG, Lanman JT. Pregnancy outcome in 45,X/46,XX mosaicism. Fertil. Steril. 35(1), 88-90 (1981). (Pubitemid 11168923)
55. de Grouchy J, Thibaud E, Turleau C et al. Normal 46,XX daughter born to a 45,X/46,X,del(X)(q25) deletion (author's transl). Ann. Genet. 24(4), 229-230 (1981). (Pubitemid 12239362)
56. Kable WT, Yussman MA. Pregnancy in mosaic Turner patients: Case report and a guide to reproductive counseling. Fertil. Steril. 35(4), 477-478 (1981). (Pubitemid 11113229)
57. Wray HL, Freeman MV, Ming PM. Pregnancy in the Turner syndrome with only 45,X chromosomal constitution. Fertil. Steril. 35(5), 509-514 (1981). (Pubitemid 11120833)
58. Muasher S, Baramki TA, Diggs ES. Turner phenotype in mother and daughter. Obstet. Gynecol. 56(6), 752-756 (1980). (Pubitemid 11216950)
59. Nielsen J, Sillesen I, Hansen KB. Fertility in women with Turner's syndrome. Case report and review of literature. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 86(11), 833-835 (1979). (Pubitemid 10231417)
60. King CR, Magenis E, Bennett S. Pregnancy and the Turner syndrome. Obstet. Gynecol. 52(5), 617-624 (1978). (Pubitemid 8404123)
61. Shokeir MH. Pregnancy in five women with 45,X/46,XX and 45,X/47,XXX gonadal dysgenesis. Birth Defects Orig. Artic. Ser. 14(6C), 171-184 (1978). (Pubitemid 9077966)
62. Groll M, Cooper M. Menstrual function in Turner's syndrome. Obstet. Gynecol. 47(2), 225-226 (1976).
63. Lajborek-Czyz I. A 45, X woman with a 47,XY, G+ son. Clin. Genet. 9(2), 113-116 (1976).
64. Philip J, Sele V. 45,XO Turner's syndrome without evidence of mosaicism in a patient with two pregnancies. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 55(3), 283-286 (1976).
65. Grace HJ, Quinlan DK, Edge WE. 45,X lymphocyte karyotype in a fertile woman. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 115(2), 279-282 (1973).
66. Nakashima I, Robinson A. Fertility in a 45,X female. Pediatrics 47(4), 770-773 (1971).
67. Bahner F, Schwarz G, Hienz HA, Walter K. Turner syndrome with fully developed secondary sex characteristics and fertility. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.) 35, 397-404 (1960).
68. Matura LA, Ho VB, Rosing DR, Bondy CA. Aortic dilatation and dissection in Turner syndrome. Circulation 116(15), 1663-1670 (2007). (Pubitemid 47542238)
69. Hens L, Devroey P, Van Waesberghe L, Bonduelle M, Van Steirteghem AC, Liebaers I. Chromosome studies and fertility treatment in women with ovarian failure. Clin. Genet. 36(2), 81-91 (1989). (Pubitemid 19186703)
70. Press F, Shapiro HM, Cowell CA, Oliver GD. Outcome of ovum donation in Turner's syndrome patients. Fertil. Steril. 64(5), 995-998 (1995).
71. Schenker JG, Ezra Y. Complications of assisted reproductive techniques. Fertil. Steril. 61(3), 411-422 (1994). (Pubitemid 24083138)
72. Wakino S, Tawarahara K, Tsuchiya N et al. Spontaneous multiple arterial dissections presenting with renal infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage in a patient under treatment for infertility. Circ. J. 69(3), 368-372 (2005). (Pubitemid 40410198)
73. Berkowitz GS, Skovron ML, Lapinski RH, Berkowitz RL. Delayed childbearing and the outcome of pregnancy. N. Engl. J. Med. 322(10), 659-664 (1990). (Pubitemid 20089532)
74. Rao A, Sairam S, Shehata H. Obstetric complications of twin pregnancies. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 18(4), 557-576 (2004). (Pubitemid 39022925)
75. Carlson M, Silberbach M. Dissection of the aorta in Turner syndrome: Two cases and review of 85 cases in the literature. J. Med. Genet. 44(12), 745-749 (2007). (Pubitemid 350275047)
76. Klein J, Sauer MV. Oocyte donation. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 16(3), 277-291 (2002). (Pubitemid 41132043)
77. Berg C, Atrash H. Strategies to reduce pregnancy-related deaths: From identification and review to action. In:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Zane S, Bartlett L (Eds). CDC, GC, USA.
78. Fénichel HL, Chevalier N, Lelannou D et al. Materno- fetal cardiovascular complications after oocyte donation in Turner syndrome: A very high-risk pregnancy. Human Reprod. 25(Suppl. 1), i22 (2010).