Traumatic stress reactions in parents in pediatric intensive care: A review

Current Psychiatry Reviews

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 261-268

  Ularntinon, Sirirat ^a   Bernard, Rebecca ^b   Wren, Frances ^b   John St , Nicholas ^b   Horwitz, Sarah M ^b   Shaw, Richard J ^b  

^a QUEEN SIRIKIT NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH   (Thailand)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Neonatal intensive care; Pediatric intensive care; Ptsd

Indexed keywords

ACUTE STRESS DISORDER; CHILD; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARENT; PARENTAL STRESS; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 79952763409     PISSN: 15734005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157340010793499422     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2007 with Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD. National Center for Health Statistics; 2007. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus07.pdf#032
2. Randolph AG, Gonzales CA, Cortellini L, Yeh TS. Growth of pediatric intensive care units in the United States from 1995 to 2001. J Pediatr 2004; 144: 792-798.
3. Shudy M, de Almeida ML, Ly S, et al. Impact of pediatric critical illness and injury on families: a systematic literature review. Pediatrics 2006; 118(Suppl 3): S203-218.
4. Institute of Medicine. Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences and Prevention. Washington, D.C.: National Academics Press, 2006.
5. Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet 2008; 371:75-84.
6. Saigal S, Doyle LW. An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood. Lancet 2008; 371: 261-699.
7. Stoelhorst GM, Rijken M, Martens SE, et al. Follow-Up Project on Prematurity. Changes in neonatology: comparison of two cohorts of very preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks): the Project on Preterm and Small for Gestational Age Infants 1983 and the Leiden Follow-Up Project on Prematurity 1996-1997. Pediatrics 2005; 115: 396-405.
8. Ringborg A, Berg J, Norman M, Westgren M, Jonsson B. Preterm birth in Sweden: What are the average lengths of hospital stay and the associated inpatient costs? Acta Paediatr 2006; 95: 1550-1555.
9. Miles MS. Parents of critically ill premature infants: Sources of stress. Crit Care Nurs Q 1989; 12: 69-74.
10. Heneghan AM, Chaudron L, Storfer-Isser A, et al. Factors associated with identification and management of maternal depression by pediatricians. Pediatrics 2007; 119: 444-454.
11. Kersting A, Dorsch M, Wesselmann U, et al. Maternal posttraumatic stress response after the birth of a very low-birth-weight in fant. J Psychosom Res 2004; 57: 473-476.
12. Balluffi A, Kassam-Adams N, Kazak A, Tucker M, Dominguez T, Helfaer M. Traumatic stress in parents of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2004; 5: 547-553.
13. Shaw RJ, Bernard R. Medical posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatr Times 2006; 23: 25-38.
14. th ed. text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
15. Green BL, Epstein SA, Krupnick JL, Rowland JH. In: Wilson JP and Keane TM Eds, Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD. New York. Guilford Press 1997.
16. Bryant RA, Harvey AG, Dang ST, Sackville T, Basten C. Treatment of acute stress disorder: A comparison of cognitive-behavioal therapy and supportive counseling. J Consult Clin Psychol 1998; 66: 862-866.
17. Koopman C, Classen C, Spiegel D. Predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms among survivors of the Oakland/Berkeley, California firestorm. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 888-894.
18. Stuber ML, Shemesh E. Post-traumatic stress response to life-threatening illnesses in children and their parents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2006; 15: 597-609.
19. Bowles SV, Bernard RS, Epperly T, et al. Traumatic stress disorders following first- trimester spontaneous abortion. J Fam Pract 2006; 55: 969-973.
20. Bronner MB, Knoester H, Bos AP, et al. Follow-up after paediatric intensive care treatment: Parental posttraumatic stress. Acta Paediatr 2008; 97: 181-186.
21. Rees G, Gledhill J, Garralda ME, et al. Psychiatric outcome following paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission: a cohort study. Int Care Med 2004; 30:1607-1614.
22. Shaw RJ, Bernard RS, DeBlois T, Ikuta LM, Ginzburg K, Koop-man C. The Relationship between acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in the neonatal intensive care unit. Psychosomatics 2009; 50(2): 131-137.
23. Holditch-Davis D, Bartlett TR, Blickman AL, Miles MS. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in mothers of premature infants. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2003; 32: 161-171.
24. Pierrehumbert B, Nicole A, Muller-Nix C, Forcada-Guex M, An-sermet F. Parental post- traumatic reactions after premature birth: implications for sleeping and eating problems in the infant. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003; 88: F400-404.
25. Shaw RJ, DeBlois T, Ikuta L, Ginzburg K, Fleisher B, Koopman C. Acute stress disorder among parents in the neonatal intensive care nursery. Psychosomatics 2006; 47: 206-212.
26. Colville GA, Gracey D. Mothers' recollections of the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit: Associations with psychopathology and views on follow up. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2006; 22(1): 49-55.
27. Ward-Begnoche W. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in the pediatric intensive care unit. J Spec Pediatr Nurs 2007; 12(2): 84-92.
28. Holmes A. An emotional roller coaster: A parent's perspective of ICU. Pediatr Nurs 2004; 16: 40-43.
29. Rothstein P. Psychological stress in families of children in a pediat-ric intensive care unit. Pediatr Clin North Am 1980; 27: 613-620.
30. Miles MS, Carter MC. Sources of parental stress in pediatric intensive care units. Child Health Care 1982; 11: 65-69.
31. Paparrigopoulos T, Melissaki A, Efthymiou A, et al. Short-term psychological impact on family members of intensive care unit patients. J Psychosom Res 2006; 61:719-722.
32. Shears D, Nodal S, Gledhill J, et al. Short-term psychiatric adjustment of children and their parents following meningococcal disease. Ped Crit Care Med 2005; 6: 39-43.
33. Diaz-Caneja A, Gledhill J, Weaver T, et al. A child's admission to hospital: a qualitative study examining the experiences of parents. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31(9): 1248-1254.
34. Miles M, Funk S, Kasper M. The stress response of mothers and fathers of preterm infants. Res Nurs Health 1992; 15: 261-269.
35. Als H. Toward a synactive theory of development: Promise for the assessment and support of infant individuality. Infant Ment Health J 1982; 3: 229-243.
36. Als H, Lawhon G. Theoretical perspective for developmentally supportive care. In: C Kenner and J McGrath Eds, Developmental Care of Newborns and Infants. St. Louis, MO. Mosby 2004.
37. Carter MC, Miles MS. The Parental Stressor Scale: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Matern Child Nurs J 1989; 18(3): 187-198.
38. Miles M, Funk S, Carlson J. Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Nurs Res 1993; 42:148-152.
39. Aitken ME, Korehbandi P, Parnell D, et al. Experiences from the development of a comprehensive family support program for pediatric trauma and rehabilitation patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005; 86:175-179.
40. Amico J, Davidhizar R. Supporting families of critically ill children. J Clin Nurs 1994; 3: 213-218.
41. Aylott M. Interviewing as therapy: researching parents' experiences of their child's life- threatening illness requiring ECMO. Nurs Crit Care 2002; 7: 163-170.
42. Bouve LR, Rozmus CL, Giodano P. Preparing parents for their child's transfer from the PICU to the pediatric floor. Appl Nurs Res 1999; 12: 114-120.
43. Braner DA, Lai S, Hodo R, et al. Interactive Web sites for families and physicians of pediatric intensive care unit patients: a preliminary report. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2004; 5: 434-439.
44. Curley MA. Effects of the nursing mutual participation model of care on parental stress in the pediatric intensive care unit. Heart Lung 1988; 17: 682-688.
45. Curley MA, Wallace J. Effects of nursing mutual participation model of care on parental stress in the pediatric intensive care unit: a replication. J Pediatr Nurs 1992; 7: 377-385.
46. Dungan SS, Jaquay TR, Reznik KA, Sands EA. Pediatric critical care social work: clinical practice of critically ill children. Soc Work Health Care 1995; 21: 69-80.
47. Fiser DH, Stanford G, Dorman DJ. Services for parental stress reduction in a pediatric ICU. Crit Care Med 1984; 12: 504-507.
48. Harbaugh BL, Tomlinson PS, Kirschbaum M. Parents' perceptions of nurses' caregiving behaviors in the pediatric intensive care unit. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs 2004; 27: 163-178.
49. LaMontagne LL, Hepworth JT, Johnson BD, Desphande JK. Psy-chophysiological responses of parents to pediatric critical care stress. Clin Nurs Res 1994; 3:104-118.
50. Melnyk BM, Small L, Carno M. The effectiveness of parent focused interventions in improving coping/mental health outcomes of critically ill children and their parents: an evidence base to guide clinical practice. Pediatr Nurs 2004; 30: 143-148.
51. Melnyk BM, Alpert-Gillis L, Hensel PB, Cable-Beiling RC, Rubenstein JS. Helping mothers cope with a critically ill child: a pilot test of the COPE intervention. Res Nurs Health 1997; 20: 3-14.
52. Wade SL, Wolfe CR, Pestian JP. A Web-based family problem solving intervention for families of children with traumatic brain injury. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 2004; 36: 261-269.
53. Melnyk BM, Alpert-Gillis L, Feinstein NF, et al. Creating opportunities for parent empowerment: Program effects on the mental health/coping outcomes of critically ill young children and their mothers. Pediatrics 2004; 113: 597-607.
54. Melnyk BM, Crean HF, Feinstein NF, et al: Testing the theoretical framework of the COPE program for mothers of critically ill children: An integrative model of young children's post- hospital adjustment behaviors. J Pediatr Psychol 2007; 32: 463-474.
55. Keren M, Feldman R, Eidelman AI, Sirota L, Lester B. Clinical interview for high-risk parents of premature infants (CUP) as a predictor of early descriptions in the mother-infant relationship at the nursery. Infant Ment Health J 2003; 24: 93-110.
56. Leonard BJ, Scott SA, Erpestad N. Maternal perception of firstborn infants: a controlled comparative study of mothers of premature and full-term infants. J Pediatr Nurs 1992; 7: 90-96.
57. Levy-Schiff R, Sharir H, Mogilner MB. Mother- and father-preterm infant relationship in the hospital preterm nursery. Child Dev 1989; 60: 93-102.
58. Schechter DS, Coots T, Zeanah CH, et al. Maternal mental representations of the child in an inner-city clinical sample: violence-related post-traumatic stress and reflective functioning. Attach Hum Dev 2005; 7: 313-331.
59. Minde K. Prematurity and serious medical conditions in infancy: implications for development, behavior, and intervention. In: nd Zeanah C Ed, Handbook of Infant Mental Health, 2 ed. New York. Guilford Press 2000.
60. Harrison L, Lotas M, Jorgensen K. Environmental Issues. In: C Kenner and J McGrath Eds, Developmental Care of Newborns and Infants. St. Louis, MO. Mosby 2004.
61. Meyer EC, Lester BM, Boukydis CFZ, Bigsby R. Family-based intervention with high-risk infants and their families. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 1998; 5: 49-69.
62. Zeanah CH, Benoit D, Barton ML, Hirshberg L. Working model of the child interview coding manual. Louisiana State University School of Medicine, January, 1996.
63. Feldman R, Eidelman A, Sirota L, Weller A. Comparison of skin-to-skin (kangaroo) and traditional care: Parenting outcomes and preterm infant development. Pediatrics 2002; 110:16-26.
64. Als H, Gilkerson L, Duffy F, et al. A Three-centered, randomized, controlled trial of individualized developmental care for very low birth weight preterm infants: medical, neurodevelopmental, parent- ing, and caregiving effects. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2003; 24: 399-409.
65. Kaaresen PI, Ronning JA, Ulvund SE, Dahl LB. A randomized, controlled trial of the effectiveness of an early-intervention program in reducing parenting stress after preterm birth. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 449-459.
66. Melnyk B, Feinstein N, Alpert-Gillis L, et al. Reducing premature infants' length of stay and improving parents' mental health outcomes with the creating opportunities for parent empowerment (COPE) neonatal intensive care unit program: A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 1414-1427.
67. Browne J, Talmi A. Family-based intervention to enhance infant-parent relationships in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Pediatric Psychol 2005; 30: 667-677.
68. Brisch K, Bechinger D, Betzler S, Heinemann H. Early preventa-tive attachment-oriented psychotherapeutic intervention with parents of a very low birth weight premature infant: Results of attachment and neurological development. Attach Hum Dev 2003; 5: 120-135.
69. Preyde M, Ardal F. Effectiveness of a parent buddy program for mothers of very preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. Can Med Assoc J 2003; 168(8): 969-973.
70. Roman LA, Lindsey JK, Boger RP, et al. Parent- to -parent support initiated in the neonatal intensive care unit. Res Nurs Health 1995; 18(5): 385-394.
71. Leasha BM, George SH. Reducing maternal psychological distress after the NICU experience through journal writing. J Early Intervention 2001; 24(4): 287-297.
72. Jotzo M, Poets CF. Helping parents cope with the trauma of prema ture birth: an evaluation of a trauma-preventive psychological intervention. Pediatrics 2005; 115:915-919.
73. Affeck G, Tennen H. The effects of newborn intensive care on parents' psychological well being. Children's Health Care 1991; 20: 6-14.
74. Singer LT, Fulton S, Daviller M, Koshy D, Salvator A, Baley JE. Effects of infant risk status and maternal psychological distress on maternal-infant interactions during the first year of life. J Dev Be-hav Pediatr 2003; 24: 233-241.
75. Wightman A, Schluchter M, Drotar D, et al. Parental protection of extremely low birth weight children at age 8 years. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2007; 28: 317-326.
76. Field T. Infants of depressed mothers. Infant Behav Dev 1995; 18: 1-13.
77. Poehlman J, Fiese B. Parent-infant interaction as a mediator of the relation between neonatal risk and 12-month cognitive development. Infant Behav Dev 2001; 24: 171-188.
78. Green M, Solnit AJ. Reactions to the threat and loss of a child: a vulnerable child syndrome. Pediatrics 1964; 34:58-60.
79. Peebles-Kleiger MJ. Pediatric and neonatal intensive care hospitalization as traumatic stressor: Implications for intervention. Bull Menninger Clin 2000; 64: 257-280.