-
1
-
-
0344584412
-
Long-distance migration: evolution and determinants
-
Alerstam T, Hedenström A, Åkesson S (2003) Long-distance migration: evolution and determinants. Oikos 103: 247-260.
-
(2003)
Oikos
, vol.103
, pp. 247-260
-
-
Alerstam, T.1
Hedenström, A.2
Åkesson, S.3
-
2
-
-
0000522713
-
Activity patterns of radio-collared black bears in Idaho
-
Amstrup SC, Beecham JJ (1976) Activity patterns of radio-collared black bears in Idaho. J Wildl Manage 40: 340-348.
-
(1976)
J Wildl Manage
, vol.40
, pp. 340-348
-
-
Amstrup, S.C.1
Beecham, J.J.2
-
3
-
-
77955084450
-
Uninformative parameters and model selection using Akaike's information criterion
-
Arnold TW (2010) Uninformative parameters and model selection using Akaike's information criterion. J Wildl Manage 74: 1175-1178.
-
(2010)
J Wildl Manage
, vol.74
, pp. 1175-1178
-
-
Arnold, A.1
-
5
-
-
44849098737
-
Seasonal migration determined by a trade-off between predator avoidance and growth
-
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001957
-
Brönmark C, Skov C, Brodersen J, Nilsson PA, Hansson L (2008) Seasonal migration determined by a trade-off between predator avoidance and growth. PLoS ONE 3: e1957. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0001957.
-
(2008)
PLoS ONE
, vol.3
-
-
Brönmark, C.1
Skov, C.2
Brodersen, J.3
Nilsson, P.A.4
Hansson, L.5
-
6
-
-
0025595864
-
Testing values of crested porcupine habitats by experimental food patches
-
Brown JS, Alkon PU (1990) Testing values of crested porcupine habitats by experimental food patches. Oecologia 83: 512-518.
-
(1990)
Oecologia
, vol.83
, pp. 512-518
-
-
Brown, J.S.1
Alkon, P.U.2
-
7
-
-
0001346990
-
The ecology of fear: optimal foraging, game theory, and trophic interactions
-
Brown JS, Laundré JW, Gurung M (1999) The ecology of fear: optimal foraging, game theory, and trophic interactions. J Mammal 80: 385-399.
-
(1999)
J Mammal
, vol.80
, pp. 385-399
-
-
Brown, J.S.1
Laundré, J.W.2
Gurung, M.3
-
8
-
-
77952671805
-
Determinants of male reproductive success in American black bears
-
Costello C, Creel SR, Kalinowski ST, Vu NV, Quigley HB (2009) Determinants of male reproductive success in American black bears. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 64: 125-134.
-
(2009)
Behav Ecol Sociobiol
, vol.64
, pp. 125-134
-
-
Costello, C.1
Creel, S.R.2
Kalinowski, S.T.3
Vu, N.V.4
Quigley, H.B.5
-
9
-
-
0027079067
-
Reconstructing reproductive histories of black bears from incremental layering in dental cementum
-
Coy PC, Garshelis DG (1992) Reconstructing reproductive histories of black bears from incremental layering in dental cementum. Can J Zool 70: 2150-2160.
-
(1992)
Can J Zool
, vol.70
, pp. 2150-2160
-
-
Coy, P.C.1
Garshelis, D.G.2
-
10
-
-
33747326883
-
Natural selection and animal personality
-
Dingemanse NJ, Réale D (2005) Natural selection and animal personality. Behav 142: 1165-1190.
-
(2005)
Behav
, vol.142
, pp. 1165-1190
-
-
Dingemanse, N.J.1
Réale, D.2
-
12
-
-
33846948945
-
What is migration?
-
Dingle H, Drake VA (2007) What is migration? BioSci 57: 113-121.
-
(2007)
BioSci
, vol.57
, pp. 113-121
-
-
Dingle, H.1
Drake, V.A.2
-
13
-
-
0024927347
-
Factors affecting black bear reproductive success and cub survival
-
Elowe KD, Dodge WE (1989) Factors affecting black bear reproductive success and cub survival. J Wildl Manage 53: 962-968.
-
(1989)
J Wildl Manage
, vol.53
, pp. 962-968
-
-
Elowe, K.D.1
Dodge, W.E.2
-
14
-
-
77749268993
-
Northern bullfinch Pyrrhula p pyrrhula irruptive behavior linked to rowanberry Sorbus aucuparia abundance
-
Fox AD, Kobro S, Lehikoinen A, Lyngs P, Vaisanen R (2009) Northern bullfinch Pyrrhula p pyrrhula irruptive behavior linked to rowanberry Sorbus aucuparia abundance. Ornis Fenn 86: 51-60.
-
(2009)
Ornis Fenn
, vol.86
, pp. 51-60
-
-
Fox, A.D.1
Kobro, S.2
Lehikoinen, A.3
Lyngs, P.4
Vaisanen, R.5
-
16
-
-
77957863919
-
Seeing the world through the nose of a bear-diversity of foods fosters behavioral and demographic stability
-
T. E. Fulbright and D. G. Hewitt (Eds.), Boca Raton: CRC Press
-
Garshelis DL, Noyce KV (2008) Seeing the world through the nose of a bear-diversity of foods fosters behavioral and demographic stability. In: Fulbright TE, Hewitt DG (eds) Wildlife science: linking ecological theory and management applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
-
(2008)
Wildlife Science: Linking Ecological Theory and Management Applications
-
-
Garshelis, D.L.1
Noyce, K.V.2
-
17
-
-
0003174628
-
Activity of black bears in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
-
Garshelis DL, Pelton MR (1980) Activity of black bears in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. J Mammal 61: 8-19.
-
(1980)
J Mammal
, vol.61
, pp. 8-19
-
-
Garshelis, D.L.1
Pelton, M.R.2
-
18
-
-
0001359217
-
Movements of black bears in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
-
Garshelis DL, Pelton MR (1981) Movements of black bears in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. J Wildl Manage 45: 912-925.
-
(1981)
J Wildl Manage
, vol.45
, pp. 912-925
-
-
Garshelis, D.L.1
Pelton, M.R.2
-
19
-
-
0002305768
-
Seasonal changes in body weight of female Asiatic black bears under captivity
-
Hashimoto Y, Yasutake A (1999) Seasonal changes in body weight of female Asiatic black bears under captivity. Mamm Study 24: 1-6.
-
(1999)
Mamm Study
, vol.24
, pp. 1-6
-
-
Hashimoto, Y.1
Yasutake, A.2
-
21
-
-
4644233969
-
Dynamics of a black bear population within a desert metapopulation
-
Hellgren EC, Onorato DP, Skiles JR (2005) Dynamics of a black bear population within a desert metapopulation. Biol Conserv 122: 131-140.
-
(2005)
Biol Conserv
, vol.122
, pp. 131-140
-
-
Hellgren, E.C.1
Onorato, D.P.2
Skiles, J.R.3
-
22
-
-
0033491191
-
Effect of seasonal differences in dietary meat intake on changes in body mass and composition in wild and captive brown bears
-
Hilderbrand GV, Jenkins SG, Schwartz CC, Hanley TA, Robbins CT (1999) Effect of seasonal differences in dietary meat intake on changes in body mass and composition in wild and captive brown bears. Can J Zool 77: 1623-1630.
-
(1999)
Can J Zool
, vol.77
, pp. 1623-1630
-
-
Hilderbrand, G.V.1
Jenkins, S.G.2
Schwartz, C.C.3
Hanley, T.A.4
Robbins, C.T.5
-
23
-
-
33750146322
-
Energetic production by soft and hard mast foods of American black bears in the Smoky Mountains
-
Inman RM, Pelton MR (2002) Energetic production by soft and hard mast foods of American black bears in the Smoky Mountains. Ursus 13: 57-68.
-
(2002)
Ursus
, vol.13
, pp. 57-68
-
-
Inman, R.M.1
Pelton, M.R.2
-
24
-
-
34147205455
-
Jay movements in autumn 1983
-
John AWG, Roskell J (1985) Jay movements in autumn 1983. Br Birds 78: 611-637.
-
(1985)
Br Birds
, vol.78
, pp. 611-637
-
-
John, A.W.G.1
Roskell, J.2
-
26
-
-
2942714060
-
Black bear home range dynamics and movement patterns during a gypsy moth infestation
-
Kasbohm JW, Vaughan MR, Kraus JG (1998) Black bear home range dynamics and movement patterns during a gypsy moth infestation. Ursus 10: 259-267.
-
(1998)
Ursus
, vol.10
, pp. 259-267
-
-
Kasbohm, J.W.1
Vaughan, M.R.2
Kraus, J.G.3
-
27
-
-
1642567763
-
Migration and foraging strategies at varying spatial scales in western North Atlantic right whales: a review of hypotheses
-
Kenney RD, Mayo CA, Winn HE (2001) Migration and foraging strategies at varying spatial scales in western North Atlantic right whales: a review of hypotheses. J Cetacean Res Manage spec issue 2: 251-260.
-
(2001)
J Cetacean Res Manage Spec Issue
, vol.2
, pp. 251-260
-
-
Kenney, R.D.1
Mayo, C.A.2
Winn, H.E.3
-
28
-
-
0012815716
-
Nutritional value of acorns for wildlife
-
W. J. McShea and W. M. Healy (Eds.), Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
-
Kirkpatrick RL, Pekins PJ (2002) Nutritional value of acorns for wildlife. In: McShea WJ, Healy WM (eds) Oak forest ecosystems: ecology and management for wildlife. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp 173-181.
-
(2002)
Oak Forest Ecosystems: Ecology and Management for Wildlife
, pp. 173-181
-
-
Kirkpatrick, R.L.1
Pekins, P.J.2
-
29
-
-
33444455768
-
Seasonal movements and home range utilization patterns of the Black Bear, Ursus americanus, in western Manitoba
-
Klenner W (1987) Seasonal movements and home range utilization patterns of the Black Bear, Ursus americanus, in western Manitoba. Can Field Nat 101: 558-568.
-
(1987)
Can Field Nat
, vol.101
, pp. 558-568
-
-
Klenner, W.1
-
30
-
-
0034092458
-
Patterns of annual seed production by northern hemisphere trees: a global perspective
-
Koenig WD, Knops JMH (2000) Patterns of annual seed production by northern hemisphere trees: a global perspective. Am Nat 155: 59-69.
-
(2000)
Am Nat
, vol.155
, pp. 59-69
-
-
Koenig, W.D.1
Knops, J.M.H.2
-
31
-
-
0028175350
-
Spatial and behavioural response of white-tailed deer to forage depletion
-
Kohlmann SG, Risenhoover KL (1994) Spatial and behavioural response of white-tailed deer to forage depletion. Can J Zool 72: 506-513.
-
(1994)
Can J Zool
, vol.72
, pp. 506-513
-
-
Kohlmann, S.G.1
Risenhoover, K.L.2
-
32
-
-
0344496149
-
Effects of body size on male mating tactics and paternity in black bears, Ursus americanus
-
Kovach AI, Powell RA (2003) Effects of body size on male mating tactics and paternity in black bears, Ursus americanus. Can J Zool 81: 1257-1268.
-
(2003)
Can J Zool
, vol.81
, pp. 1257-1268
-
-
Kovach, A.I.1
Powell, R.A.2
-
34
-
-
34547766010
-
Long-range homing by an adult female black bear, Ursus americanus
-
Landriault J, Hall MN, Hamr J, Mallory FF (2006) Long-range homing by an adult female black bear, Ursus americanus. Can Field Nat 120: 57-60.
-
(2006)
Can Field Nat
, vol.120
, pp. 57-60
-
-
Landriault, J.1
Hall, M.N.2
Hamr, J.3
Mallory, F.F.4
-
35
-
-
0028161884
-
Daily activity patterns of female black bears in a northern mixed-forest environment
-
Lariviere S, Huot J, Samson C (1994) Daily activity patterns of female black bears in a northern mixed-forest environment. J Mammal 75: 613-620.
-
(1994)
J Mammal
, vol.75
, pp. 613-620
-
-
Lariviere, S.1
Huot, J.2
Samson, C.3
-
36
-
-
33645047371
-
Dispersal movements by subadult American black bears in Virginia
-
Lee DJ, Vaughan MR (2003) Dispersal movements by subadult American black bears in Virginia. Ursus 14: 162-170.
-
(2003)
Ursus
, vol.14
, pp. 162-170
-
-
Lee, D.J.1
Vaughan, M.R.2
-
37
-
-
0027329471
-
Variable acorn crops: responses of white-tailed deer and other mast consumers
-
McShea WJ, Schwede G (1993) Variable acorn crops: responses of white-tailed deer and other mast consumers. J Mammal 74: 999-1006.
-
(1993)
J Mammal
, vol.74
, pp. 999-1006
-
-
McShea, W.J.1
Schwede, G.2
-
38
-
-
11244279990
-
-
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Ecological land classification program, Minnesota County Biological survey and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources St. Paul
-
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (2003) Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota: the Laurentian mixed forest province. Ecological land classification program, Minnesota County Biological survey and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources St. Paul.
-
(2003)
Field Guide to the Native Plant Communities of Minnesota: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province
-
-
-
39
-
-
33748340858
-
Advances in the study of irruptive migration
-
Newton I (2006) Advances in the study of irruptive migration. Ardea 94: 433-460.
-
(2006)
Ardea
, vol.94
, pp. 433-460
-
-
Newton, I.1
-
40
-
-
0031544685
-
Habitat selection and survival of mule deer: tradeoffs associated with migration
-
Nicholson MC, Bowyer RT, Kie JG (1997) Habitat selection and survival of mule deer: tradeoffs associated with migration. J Mammal 789: 483-504.
-
(1997)
J Mammal
, vol.789
, pp. 483-504
-
-
Nicholson, M.C.1
Bowyer, R.T.2
Kie, J.G.3
-
41
-
-
0343878440
-
Abundance and productivity of bear food species in different forest types of northcentral Minnesota
-
Noyce KV, Coy PL (1990) Abundance and productivity of bear food species in different forest types of northcentral Minnesota. Int Conf Bear Res Manage 8: 169-181.
-
(1990)
Int Conf Bear Res Manage
, vol.8
, pp. 169-181
-
-
Noyce, K.V.1
Coy, P.L.2
-
42
-
-
0002249535
-
Body size and blood characteristics as indicators of condition and reproductive performance in black bears
-
Noyce KV, Garshelis DL (1994) Body size and blood characteristics as indicators of condition and reproductive performance in black bears. Int Conf Bear Res Manage 9: 481-496.
-
(1994)
Int Conf Bear Res Manage
, vol.9
, pp. 481-496
-
-
Noyce, K.V.1
Garshelis, D.L.2
-
43
-
-
0031416952
-
Influence of natural food abundance on black bear harvests in Minnesota
-
Noyce KV, Garshelis DL (1997) Influence of natural food abundance on black bear harvests in Minnesota. J Wildl Manage 61: 1067-1074.
-
(1997)
J Wildl Manage
, vol.61
, pp. 1067-1074
-
-
Noyce, K.V.1
Garshelis, D.L.2
-
44
-
-
0000115633
-
Spring weight changes in black bears in northcentral Minnesota: the negative foraging period revisited
-
Noyce KV, Garshelis DL (1998) Spring weight changes in black bears in northcentral Minnesota: the negative foraging period revisited. Ursus 10: 521-531.
-
(1998)
Ursus
, vol.10
, pp. 521-531
-
-
Noyce, K.V.1
Garshelis, D.L.2
-
46
-
-
1842326237
-
The impacts of oak mast on black bears in the southern Appalachians
-
C. H. McGee (Ed.), Knoxville: University of Tennessee
-
Pelton MR (1989) The impacts of oak mast on black bears in the southern Appalachians. In: McGee CH (ed) Proceedings of the workshop on Southern Appalachian mast management. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, pp 7-11.
-
(1989)
Proceedings of the Workshop on Southern Appalachian Mast Management
, pp. 7-11
-
-
Pelton, M.R.1
-
47
-
-
0023483689
-
Effects of food supply and kinship on social behavior, movements, and population growth of black bears in northeastern Minnesota
-
Rogers LL (1987a) Effects of food supply and kinship on social behavior, movements, and population growth of black bears in northeastern Minnesota. Wildl Monog 97.
-
(1987)
Wildl Monog
, pp. 97
-
-
Rogers, L.L.1
-
48
-
-
0343282048
-
Navigation by adult black bears
-
Rogers LL (1987b) Navigation by adult black bears. J Mammal 68: 185-188.
-
(1987)
J Mammal
, vol.68
, pp. 185-188
-
-
Rogers, L.L.1
-
49
-
-
79952740003
-
Home, sweet-smelling home
-
Rogers LL (1989) Home, sweet-smelling home. Nat Hist 9(89): 61-67.
-
(1989)
Nat Hist
, vol.9
, Issue.89
, pp. 61-67
-
-
Rogers, L.L.1
-
50
-
-
0036637982
-
Migration behavior of white-tailed deer under varying winter climate regimes in New Brunswick
-
Sabine DL, Morrison SF, Whitlaw HA, Ballard WB, Forbes GJ (2002) Migration behavior of white-tailed deer under varying winter climate regimes in New Brunswick. J Wildl Manage 66: 718-728.
-
(2002)
J Wildl Manage
, vol.66
, pp. 718-728
-
-
Sabine, D.L.1
Morrison, S.F.2
Whitlaw, H.A.3
Ballard, W.B.4
Forbes, G.J.5
-
51
-
-
0025660749
-
Resource limitation in a generalist herbivore, the moose Alces alces: ecological constraints on behavioural decisions
-
Sæther BE, Andersen R (1990) Resource limitation in a generalist herbivore, the moose Alces alces: ecological constraints on behavioural decisions. Can J Zool 68: 993-999.
-
(1990)
Can J Zool
, vol.68
, pp. 993-999
-
-
Sæther, B.E.1
Andersen, R.2
-
52
-
-
0031841130
-
Movements of female black bears in relation to landscape vegetation type in southern Quebec
-
Samson C, Huot J (1998) Movements of female black bears in relation to landscape vegetation type in southern Quebec. J Wildl Manage 62: 718-727.
-
(1998)
J Wildl Manage
, vol.62
, pp. 718-727
-
-
Samson, C.1
Huot, J.2
-
53
-
-
0013597839
-
Movement of tagged black bears in the Adirondacks
-
Sauer PR, Free SL, Browne SD (1969) Movement of tagged black bears in the Adirondacks. NY Fish Game J 16: 205-223.
-
(1969)
NY Fish Game J
, vol.16
, pp. 205-223
-
-
Sauer, P.R.1
Free, S.L.2
Browne, S.D.3
-
55
-
-
76549136512
-
Influx of bears into St. Louis County, Minnesota
-
Schorger AW (1946) Influx of bears into St. Louis County, Minnesota. J Mammal 27: 177.
-
(1946)
J Mammal
, vol.27
, pp. 177
-
-
Schorger, A.W.1
-
56
-
-
0026000721
-
Interrelationship of black bears to moose and forest succession in the northern coniferous forest
-
Schwartz CC, Franzmann AW (1991) Interrelationship of black bears to moose and forest succession in the northern coniferous forest. Wildl Monog 113.
-
(1991)
Wildl Monog
, pp. 113
-
-
Schwartz, C.C.1
Franzmann, A.W.2
-
57
-
-
0027042210
-
Dispersal and survival of subadult black bears from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska
-
Schwartz CC, Franzmann AW (1992) Dispersal and survival of subadult black bears from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. J Wildl Manage 56: 426-431.
-
(1992)
J Wildl Manage
, vol.56
, pp. 426-431
-
-
Schwartz, C.C.1
Franzmann, A.W.2
-
58
-
-
78650731004
-
A brief guide to model selection, multimodal inference, and model averaging in behavioural ecology using Akaike's information criterion
-
doi:10.1007/s00265-010-1037-6
-
Symonds MRE, Moussalli A (2010) A brief guide to model selection, multimodal inference, and model averaging in behavioural ecology using Akaike's information criterion. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. doi: 10. 1007/s00265-010-1037-6.
-
(2010)
Behav Ecol Sociobiol
-
-
Symonds, M.R.E.1
Moussalli, A.2
-
59
-
-
7544224427
-
Oak trees, acorns, and bears
-
W. J. McShea and W. M. Healy (Eds.), Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press
-
Vaughan M (2002) Oak trees, acorns, and bears. In: McShea WJ, Healy WM (eds) Oak forest ecosystems: ecology and management for wildlife. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp 224-240.
-
(2002)
Oak Forest Ecosystems: Ecology and Management for Wildlife
, pp. 224-240
-
-
Vaughan, M.1
-
61
-
-
33846246351
-
Partial migration and philopatry of Yellowstone pronghorn
-
White PJ, Davis TL, Barnowe-Meyer KK, Crabtree RL, Garrott RA (2007) Partial migration and philopatry of Yellowstone pronghorn. Biol Conserv 135: 502-510.
-
(2007)
Biol Conserv
, vol.135
, pp. 502-510
-
-
White, P.J.1
Davis, T.L.2
Barnowe-Meyer, K.K.3
Crabtree, R.L.4
Garrott, R.A.5
-
63
-
-
0002264704
-
Aging black bears from first premolar tooth sections
-
Willey CH (1974) Aging black bears from first premolar tooth sections. J Wildl Manage 38: 97-100.
-
(1974)
J Wildl Manage
, vol.38
, pp. 97-100
-
-
Willey, C.H.1
|