Visual Ecology

The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference

Volumn 1, Issue , 2008, Pages 211-245

  Cronin, T W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Color vision; Eye movements; Polarization vision; Ultraviolet vision; Visual ecology; Visual evolution; Visual optics

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952737012     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012370880-9.00337-6     Document Type: Chapter

References (285)

1. Aho A.-C., Donner K., Hydén C., Larsen L.O., Reuter T. Low retinal noise in animals with low body temperature allows high visual sensitivity. Nature 1988, 334:340-350.
2. Ala-Laurila P., Pahlberg J., Koskelainen A., Donner K. On the relation between the photoactivation energy and the absorbance spectrum of visual pigments. Vision Res. 2004, 44:2153-2158.
3. Andersson S., Örnborg J., Andersson M. Ultraviolet sexual dimorphism and assortative mating in blue tits. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 1998, 265:455-1450.
4. Arikawa K. Spectral organization of the eye of a butterfly, Papilio. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2003, 189:791-800.
5. Arikawa K., Inokuma K., Eguchi E. Pentachromatic visual system in a butterfly. Naturwissenschaften 1987, 74:297-298.
6. Arnold K.E., Owens I.P.F., Marshall N.J. Fluorescent signaling in parrots. Science 2002, 295:92.
7. Arrese C.A., Hart N.S., Thomas N., Beazley L.D., Shand J.D. Trichromacy in marsupials. Curr. Biol. 2002, 12:657-660.
8. Attick J.J. Could information theory provide an ecological theory of sensory processing?. Network 1992, 3:213-251.
9. Barlow H.B. What causes trichromacy? A theoretical analysis using comb-filtered spectra. Vision Res. 1982, 22:635-643.
10. Barlow R.B., Powers M.K., Kass L. Vision and Mating Behavior in Limulus. Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals 1988, 419-434. Springer. J. Atema, R.R. Fay, A.N. Popper, W.N. Tavolga (Eds.).
11. Bennett A.T.D., Cuthill I.C., Partridge J.C., Lunau K. Ultraviolet plumage colors predict mate preferences in starlings. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1997, 94:8618-8621.
12. Bennett A.T.D., Cuthill I.C., Partridge J.C., Maier E.J. Ultraviolet vision and mate choice in zebra finches. Nature 1996, 380:433-435.
13. Bernard G.D., Remington C.L. Color vision in Lycaena butterflies: spectral tuning of receptor arrays in relation to behavioral ecology. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1991, 88:2783-2787.
14. Bowmaker J.K. Trichromatic colour vision: why only three receptor channels?. Trends Neurosci. 1983, 6:41-43.
15. Bowmaker J.K., Astell S., Hunt D.M., Mollon J.D. Photosensitive and photostable pigments in the retinae of Old World monkeys. J. Exp. Biol. 1991, 156:1-19.
16. Bridges C.D.B. The Rhodopsin-Porphyropsin Visual System. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol.VII/I: The Photochemistry of Vision 1972, 417-480. Springer. H.J.A. Dartnall (Ed.).
17. Briscoe A.D., Chittka L. The evolution of color vision in insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 2001, 46:471-510.
18. Buchsbaum G., Gottschalk A. Trichromacy, opponent colours coding and optimum colour information transmission in the retina. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1983, 220:89-113.
19. Burton G.J., Moorhead I.R. Color and spatial structure in natural scenes. Applied Optics 1987, 26:157-170.
20. Carleton K.C., Kocher T.D. Cone opsin genes of African cichlid fishes: tuning spectral sensitivity by differential gene expression. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2001, 18:1540-1550.
21. Chen D.-M., Goldsmith T.H. Four spectral classes of cones in the retinas of birds. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1986, 159:473-479.
22. Cheroske A.G., Barber P.H., Cronin T.W. Evolutionary variation in the expression of phenotypically plastic color vision in Caribbean mantis shrimps, genus Neogonodactylus. Mar. Biol. 2006, (in press).
23. Cheroske A.G., Cronin T.W., Caldwell R.L. Adaptive color vision in Pullosquilla litoralis (Stomatopoda, Lysiosquilloidea) associated with spectral and intensity changes in light environment. J. Exp. Biol. 2003, 206:373-379.
24. Chiao C.-C., Cronin T.W., Osorio D., Marshall J. Eye design and color signaling in a stomatopod crustacean, Gonodactylus smithii. Brain Behav. Evol. 2000, 56:107-122.
25. Chiao C.-C., Kelman E.J., Hanlon R.T. Disruptive body patterning of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) requires visual information regarding edges and contrast of objects in natural substrate backgrounds. Biol. Bull. 2005, 208:7-11.
26. Chiao C.-C., Osorio D., Vorobyev M., Cronin T.W. Characterization of natural illuminants in forests and the use of digital video data to reconstruct illuminant spectra. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2000, 17:1713-1721.
27. Chiao C.-C., Vorobyev M., Cronin T.W., Osorio D. Spectral tuning of dichromats to natural scenes. Vision Res. 2000, 40:3257-3271.
28. Chittka L. Does bee color vision predate the evolution of flower color?. Naturwissenschaften 1996, 83:136-138.
29. Chittka L. Optimal sets of color receptors and color opponent systems for coding of natural objects in insect vision. J. Theoret. Biol. 1996, 181:179-196.
30. Chittka L., Menzel R. The evolutionary adaptation of flower colors and the insect pollinators' color vision. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1992, 171:171-181.
31. Chittka L., Beier W., Hertel H., Steinmann E., Menzel R. Opponent coding is a universal strategy to evaluate the photoreceptor inputs in hymenoptera. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1992, 170:545-563.
32. Chittka L., Vorobyev M., Shmida A., Menzel R. Bee Colour Vision - the Optimal System for the Discrimination of Flower Colours with Three Spectral Photoreceptor Types?. Sensory Systems of Arthropods 1993, 211-218. Birkhauser. K. Wiese, F.G. Gribakin, A.V. Popov, G. Renninger (Eds.).
33. Collett T.S. Peering - a locust behavior pattern for obtaining motion parallax information. J. Exp. Biol. 1978, 76:237-241.
34. Collett T.S., Harkness L.I.K. Depth Vision in Animals. Analysis of Visual Behavior 1982, 111-176. MIT Press. D.J. Ingle, M.A. Goodale, R.J.W. Mansfield (Eds.).
35. Collett T.S., Land M.F. Visual control of flight behavior in the hoverfly, Syritta pipiens L. J. Comp. Physiol. 1975, 99:1-66.
36. Collin S.P., Knight M.A., Davies W.L., Potter I.C., Hunt D.M., Trezise A.E.O. Ancient colour vision: multiple opsin genes in the ancestral vertebrates. Curr. Biol. 2003, 13:R864-R865.
37. Cone R.A. Rotational diffusion of rhodopsin in the visual receptor membrane. Nature 1972, 236:39-43.
38. Cott H.B. Adaptive Coloration in Animals 1940, Methuen.
39. Cronin T.W. Visual ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions. Ecology of Predator-Prey Interactions 2005, 105-138. Oxford University Press. P. Barbosa, I. Castellanos (Eds.).
40. Cronin T.W. Vision in Water. Invertebrate Vision 2006, 211-249. Cambridge University Press. E.J. Warrant, D.E. Nilsson (Eds.).
41. Cronin T.W., Caldwell R.L. Tuning of visual function in three mantis shrimp species that inhabit a range of depths. I. Visual pigments. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2002, 188:187-197.
42. Cronin T.W., Marshall N.J. A retina with at least ten spectral types of photoreceptors in a stomatopod crustacean. Nature 1989, 339:137-140.
43. Cronin T.W., Marshall J. The Unique Visual World of Mantis Shrimps. Complex Worlds From Simple Nervous Systems 2004, 239-268. MIT Press. F. Prete (Ed.).
44. Cronin T.W., Shashar N. The linearly polarized light field in clear, tropical marine waters: spatial and temporal variation of light intensity, degree of polarization, and e-vector angle. J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204:2461-2467.
45. Cronin T.W., Caldwell R.L., Erdmann M. Tuning of visual function in three mantis shrimp species that inhabit a range of depths. II. Filter pigments. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2002, 188:179-186.
46. Cronin T.W., Caldwell R.L., Marshall J. A deeper shade of red: colour vision tuned to habitat in a mantis shrimp. Nature 2001, 411:547-548.
47. Cronin T.W., Järvilehto M., Weckström M., Lall A.B. Tuning of photoreceptor spectral sensitivity in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 2000, 186:1-12.
48. Cronin T.W., Kinloch M.R., Olsen G.H. Head-bobbing behavior in foraging whooping cranes favors visual fixation. Current Biology 2005, 15:R243-R244.
49. Cronin T.W., Marshall N.J., Caldwell R.L. Visual pigment diversity in two genera of mantis shrimps implies rapid evolution. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1996, 179:371-384.
50. Cronin T.W., Marshall N.J., Caldwell R.L. Spectral tuning and the visual ecology of mantis shrimps. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 2000, 355:1263-1267.
51. Cronin T.W., Marshall N.J., Caldwell R.L., Shashar N. Specialization of retinal function in the compound eyes of mantis shrimps. Vision Res. 1994, 34:2639-2656.
52. Cronin T.W., Marshall N.J., Quinn C.A., King C.A. Ultraviolet photoreception in mantis shrimp. Vision Res. 1994, 34:1443-1452.
53. Cronin T.W., Nair J.N., Doyle R.D., Caldwell R.L. Ocular tracking of rapidly moving visual targets by stomatopod crustaceans. J. Exp. Biol. 1988, 138:155-179.
54. Cronin T.W., Shashar N., Caldwell R.L., Marshall J., Cheroske A.G., Chiou T.-H. Polarization vision and its role in biological signaling. Int. Comp. Biol. 2003, 43:549-558.
55. Cronin T.W., Warrant E.J., Greiner B. Celestial polarization patterns during twilight. Appl. Opt. 2006, (in press).
56. Crook A.C. Colour patterns in a coral reef fish. Is background complexity important?. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1997, 217:237-252.
57. Cummings M.E., Partridge J.C. Visual pigments and optical habitats of surfperch (Embiotocidae) in the California kelp forest. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2001, 187:875-889.
58. Cuthill I.C., Partridge J.C., Bennett A.T.D. Avian UV Vision and Sexual Selection. Animal Signals: Signalling and Signal Design in Animal Communication 2000, 61-82. Tapir Press. Y. Espmark, T. Amundsen, G. Rosenqvist (Eds.).
59. Dacke M., Byrne M.J., Scholtz C.H., Warrant E.J. Lunar orientation in a beetle. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 2004, 271:361-365.
60. Dacke M., Doan T.A., O'Carroll D.C. Polarized light detection in spiders. J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204:2481-2490.
61. Dacke M., Nilsson D.-E., Warrant E., Blest A.D., Land M.F., O'Carroll D.C. Built-in polarizers form part of a compass organ in spiders. Nature 1999, 401:470-473.
62. Dacke M., Nilsson D.-E., Scholtz C.H., Byrne M., Warrant E.J. Insect orientation to polarized moonlight. Nature 2003, 424:33.
63. Dahmen H. Eye specialization in waterstriders: an adaptation to life in a flat world. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1991, 169:623-632.
64. Dartnall H.J.A. The interpretation of spectral sensitivity curves. British Med. Bull. 1953, 9:24-30.
65. Dominy N.J., Lucas P.W. Ecological importance of trichromatic vision to primates. Nature 2001, 410:363-366.
66. Douglas R.H., Partridge J.C., Dulai K.S., Hunt D.M., Mullineaux C.W., Hynninen P.H. Enhanced retinal longwave sensitivity using a chlorophyll-derived photosensitiser in Malacosteus niger, a deep-sea dragon fish with far red bioluminescence. Vision Res. 1999, 17:2817-2832.
67. Doujak F.E. Electrophysiological measurement of photoreceptor membrane dichroism and polarization sensitivity in a grapsid crab. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1984, 154:597-605.
68. Duelli P. Movement detection in the posterolateral eyes of jumping spiders (Evarcha arcuata, Salticidae). J. Comp. Physiol. 1978, 124:15-26.
69. Dulai K.S., Bowmaker J.K., Mollon J.D., Hunt D.M. Sequence divergence, polymorphism and evolution of middle-wave and long-wave visual pigment genes of great apes and old-world monkeys. Vision Res. 1994, 34:2483-2491.
70. Endler J.A. Variation in the appearance of guppy color patterns to guppies and their predators under different visual conditions. Vision Res. 1991, 31:587-608.
71. Endler J.A. Signals, signal conditions, and the direction of evolution. Am. Nat. 1992, 139:S125-S153.
72. Endler J.A. Some general comments on the evolution and design of animal communication systems. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 1993, 340:215-225.
73. Endler J.A. Evolutionary Implications of the Interaction between Animal Signals and the Environment. Animal Signals: Signalling and Signal Design in Animal Communication 2000, 11-46. Tapir Press. Y. Espmark, T. Amundsen, G. Rosenqvist (Eds.).
74. Endler J.A., Basolo A.L. Sensory ecology, receiver biases and sexual selection. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1998, 13:415-420.
75. Endler J.A., Théry M. Interacting effects of lek placement, display behaviour, ambient light, and color patterns in three neotropical forest-dwelling birds. Am. Nat. 1996, 148:421-452.
76. Espmark Y., Amundsen T., Rosenqvist G. Animal Signals: Signalling and Signal Design in Animal Communication 2000, Tapir Press.
77. Fasick J.I., Robinson P.R. Spectral-tuning mechanisms of marine mammal rhodopsins and correlations with foraging depth. Visual Neurosci. 2000, 17:781-788.
78. Fasick J.I., Robinson P.R., Cronin T.W., Hunt D.L. The visual pigments of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Visual Neurosci. 1998, 15:653-676.
79. Fineran B.A., Nicol J.A.C. Studies on the photoreceptors of Anchoa mitchilli and A. hepsetus (Engraulidae) with particular reference to the cones. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 1978, 283:25-60.
80. Forward R.B. Light and diurnal vertical migration: photobehavior and photophysiology of plankton. Photochem. Photobiol. Rev. 1976, 1:157-209.
81. Forward R.B., Cronin T.W., Douglass J.K. The visual pigments of crabs. II. Environmental adaptations. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1988, 162:479-490.
82. Fox D.L. Animal Biochromes and Structural Colors 1976, University of California Press.
83. Frank T.M., Widder E.A. UV light in the deep-sea: in situ measurements of downwelling irradiance in relation to the visual threshold sensitivity of UV-sensitive crustaceans. Mar. Freshwater Behav. Physiol. 1996, 27:189-197.
84. Fujita M. Head-bobbing and non-bobbing walking of black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus). J. Comp. Physiol. A 2006, 192:481-488.
85. Fuller R.C., Carleton K.L., Fadool J.M., Spady T.C., Travis J. Population variation in opsin expression in the bluefin killifish, Luciana goodei: a real-time PCR study. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2004, 190:147-154.
86. Gál J., Horváth G., Barta A., Wehner R. Polarization of the moonlit clear night sky measured by full-sky imaging polarimetry at full moon: comparison of the polarization of moonlit and sunlit skies. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106(D19):22647-22653.
87. Glantz R.M. Polarization analysis in the crayfish visual system. J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204:2383-2390.
88. Goldsmith T.H. The Polarization Sensitivity-Dichroic Absorption Paradox in Arthropod Photoreceptors. Photoreceptor Optics 1975, 98-125. Springer. A.W. Snyder, R. Menzel (Eds.).
89. Goldsmith T.H. Membrane Adaptations of Visual Photoreceptors for the Analysis of Plane-Polarized Light. Research in Photobiology 1977, 651-658. Plenum. A. Castellani (Ed.).
90. Goldsmith T.H. Ultraviolet receptors and color vision: evolutionary implications and a dissonance of paradigms. Vision Res. 1994, 34:1479-1487.
91. Goldsmith T.H., Butler B.K. Color vision of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus): hue matches, tetrachromacy, and intensity discrimination. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2005, 191:933-951.
92. Goldsmith T.H., Wehner R. Restrictions of rotational and translational diffusion of pigment in the membranes of a rhabdomeric photoreceptor. J. Gen. Physiol. 1977, 70:453-490.
93. Greiner B., Ribi W.A., Warrant E.J. Retinal and optical adaptations for nocturnal vision in the halictid bee Megalopta genalis. Cell Tissue Res. 2004, 316:377-390.
94. Greiner B., Ribi W.A., Warrant E.J. A neural network to improve dim-light vision? Dendritic fields of first-order interneurons in the nocturnal bee Megalopta genalis. Cell Tissue Res. 2005, 322:313-320.
95. Guillemain M., Martin G.R., Fritz H. Feeding methods, visual fields and vigilance in dabbling ducks (Anatidae). Funct. Ecol. 2002, 16:522-529.
96. Hardie R.C. The photoreceptor array of the dipteran retina. Trends Neurosci. 1986, 9:419-423.
97. Hart N.S. Variations in cone photoreceptor abundance and the visual ecology of birds. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2001, 187:685-698.
98. Hart N.S. The visual ecology of avian photoreceptors. Progr. Retinal Eye Res. 2001, 20:675-703.
99. Hart N.S., Vorobyev M. Modelling oil droplet absorption spectra and spectral sensitivities of bird cone photoreceptors. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2005, 191:381-392.
100. van Hateren J.H. Real and optimal neural images in early vision. Nature 1992, 360:68-70.
101. van Hateren J.H. Spatial, temporal, and spectral preprocessing for colour vision. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 1993, 251:61-68.
102. vanHateren J.H., Hardie R.C., Rudolph A., Laughlin S.B., Stavenga D.G. The bright zone, a specialized dorsal eye region in the male blowfly Chrysomyia megacephala. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1989, 164:297-308.
103. Hawryshyn C.W. Polarization vision in fish. Am. Sci. 1992, 80:164-175.
104. Hawryshyn C.W. Ultraviolet polarization vision in fishes: possible mechanisms for coding e-vector. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2000, 355:1187-1190.
105. Hawryshyn C.W. Mechanisms of Ultraviolet Polarization Vision in Fishes. Sensory Processing in Aquatic Environments 2003, 252-265. Springer. S.P. Collin, N.J. Marshall (Eds.).
106. Hawryshyn C.W., Beauchamp R. Ultraviolet photosensitivity in goldfish: an independent U.V. retinal mechanism. Vision Res. 1985, 25:11-20.
107. Hawryshyn C.W., Bolger A. Spatial orientation of rainbow trout: effects of the degree of polarisation of the polarised light field. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1991, 167:691-697.
108. Helbig A.J. Depolarization of natural skylight disrupts orientation of an avian nocturnal migrant. Experientia 1990, 46:755-758.
109. Hölldobler B. Canopy orientation: a new kind of orientation in ants. Science 1980, 210:86-88.
110. Horridge G.A., Sandeman D.C. Nervous control of optokinetic responses in the crab, Carcinus. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 1964, 161:216-246.
111. Horváth G., Varjú D. Polarized Light in Animal Vision 2004, Springer.
112. Horváth G., Zeil J. Kuwait oil lakes as insect traps. Nature 1996, 379:303-304.
113. Horváth G., Gál J., Wehner R. Why are water-seeking insects not attracted by mirages? The polarization properties of mirages. Naturwissenschaften 1997, 84:300-303.
114. Hosoya T., Baccus S.A., Meister M. Dynamic predictive coding by the retina. Nature 2005, 436:71-77.
115. Hunt S., Cuthill I.C., Bennett A.T.D., Church S.C., Partridge J.C. Is the ultraviolet waveband a special communication channel in avian mate choice?. J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204:2499-2507.
116. Jacobs G.H. Ultraviolet vision in vertebrates. Amer. Zool. 1992, 32:544-554.
117. Jacobs G.H. The distribution and nature of colour vision among the mammals. Biol. Rev. 1993, 68:413-471.
118. Jacobs G.H. Variations in primate color vision: mechanisms and utility. Evol. Anthropol. 1995, 3:196-205.
119. Jacobs G.H. Primate photopigments and primate color vision. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1996, 93:577-581.
120. Jane S.D., Bowmaker J.K. Tetrachromatic colour vision in the duck (Anas platyrhynchos L.): microspectrophotometry of visual pigments and oil droplets. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1988, 162:225-235.
121. Jerlov N.G. Marine Optics 1976, Elsevier.
122. Johnsen S. Hidden in plain sight: the ecology and physiology of organismal transparency. Biol. Bull. 2001, 201:301-318.
123. Johnsen S. Cryptic and conspicuous coloration in the pelagic environment. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 2002, 269:243-256.
124. Jokela-Määttä M., Pahlberg J., Lindström M., Zak P., Porter M., Ostrovskii M., Cronin T., Donner K. Visual pigment absorbance and spectral sensitivity of Mysis relicta (Crustacea, Mysidae) in different light environments. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2005, 191:1087-1097.
125. Jones J. Architecture and composition of the muscles that drive stomatopod eye movements. J. Exp. Biol. 1994, 188:317-331.
126. Jusuf P.R., Martin P.R., Grünert U. Random wiring in the midget pathway of primate retina. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:3908-3917.
127. Kelber A. Ovipositing butterflies use a red receptor to see green. J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 202:2619-2630.
128. Kelber A. Why "false" colours are seen by butterflies?. Nature 2000, 402:251.
129. Kelber A., Balkenius A., Warrant E.J. Scotopic color vision in nocturnal hawkmoths. Nature 2002, 419:922-924.
130. Kelber A., Thunell C., Arikawa K. Polarisation-dependent colour vision in Papilio butterflies. J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204:2469-2480.
131. Kinoshita M., Shimada N., Arikawa K. Colour vision, of the foraging swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus. J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 202:95-102.
132. Knowles A., Dartnall H.J.A. Habitat and Visual Pigments. The Eye; Vol. 2B, The Photobiology of Vision 1977, 581-641. Academic Press. H. Davson (Ed.).
133. Kriska G., Horváth G., Andrikovics S. Why do mayflies lay their eggs en masse on dry asphalt roads? Water-imitating polarized light reflected from asphalt attracts Ephemeroptera. J. Exp. Biol. 1998, 201:2273-2286.
134. Labhart T., Petzold J., Helbling H. Spatial integration in polarization-sensitive interneurones of crickets: a survey of evidence, mechanisms and benefits. J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204:2423-2430.
135. Lambrinos D., Möller R., Labhart T., Pfeifer R., Wehner R. A mobile robot employing insect strategies for navigation. Robotics Autonomous Sys. 2000, 30:39-64.
136. Lall A.B., Strother G.K., Cronin T.W., Seliger H.H. Modification of spectral sensitivities by screening pigments in the compound eyes of twilight-active fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1988, 162:23-33.
137. Land M.F. Optics and Vision in Invertebrates. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol. VII/6B, Invertebrate Visual Centers and Behavior 1981, 471-592. Springer. H. Autrum (Ed.).
138. Land M.F. Scanning eye movements in a heteropod mollusc. J. Exp. Biol. 1982, 96:427-430.
139. Land M.F. The Morphology and Optics of Spider Eyes. Neurobiology of Arachnids 1985, 53-78. Springer. F. Barth (Ed.).
140. Land M.F. Fields of view of the eyes of primitive jumping spiders. J. Exp. Biol. 1985, 119:381-384.
141. Land M.F. The Functions of Eye Movements in Animals Remote from Man. Eye Movement Research 1995, 63-76. Elsevier. J.M. Findlay, R.W. Kentridge, R. Walker (Eds.).
142. Land M.F. Motion and vision: why animals move their eyes. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1999, 185:341-352.
143. Land M.F. On the functions of double eyes in midwater animals. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 2000, 355:1147-1150.
144. Land M.F. The spatial resolution of the pinhole eyes of giant clams (Tridacna maxima). Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 2003, 270:185-188.
145. Land M.F. The optical structures of animal eyes. Curr. Biol. 2005, 15:R319-R323.
146. Land M.F., Layne J.E. The visual control of behaviour in fiddler crabs. I. Resolution, thresholds, and the role of the horizon. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1995, 177:81-90.
147. Land M.F., Nilsson D.-E. Animal Eyes 2002, Oxford University Press.
148. Land M.F., Marshall N.J., Brownless D., Cronin T.W. The eye-movements of the mantis shrimp Odontodactylus scyllarus (Crustacea: Stomatopoda). J. Comp. Physiol. A. 1990, 167:155-166.
149. Laughlin S.B. Neural principles in the Peripheral Visual Systems of Invertebrates. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol. VII/6B, Invertebrate Visual Centers and Behavior 1981, 133-280. Springer. H. Autrum (Ed.).
150. Laughlin S.B. Matching coding, circuits, cells, and molecules to signals: general principles of retinal design in the fly's eye. Prog. Retinal Eye Res. 1994, 13:165-196.
151. Laughlin S.B., Weckstrom M. Fast and slow photoreceptors - a comparative study of the functional diversity of coding and conductances in the Diptera. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1993, 172:593-609.
152. Lehrer M., Srinivasan M.V., Zhang S.W., Horridge G.A. Motion cues provide the bee's visual world with a third dimension. Nature 1988, 332:356-357.
153. Lenz P.H., Hartline D.K., Purcell J.E., Macmillan D.L. Zooplankton: Sensory Ecology and Physiology 1996, Gordon and Breach.
154. Levenson D.H., Ponganis P.J., Crognale M.A., Deegan J.F., Dizon A., Jacobs G.H. Visual pigments of marine carnivores: pinnipeds, polar bear, and sea otter. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2006, (in press).
155. Lillywhite P.G. Coupling between locust photoreceptors revealed by a study of quantum bumps. J. Comp. Physiol 1978, 125:13-27.
156. Lindström L., Alatalo R.V., Lyytinen A., Mappes J. Predator experience on cryptic prey affects the survival of conspicuous aposematic prey. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 2001, 268:357-361.
157. Lipetz L.E., Cronin T.W. Application of an invariant spectral form to the visual pigments of crustaceans: Implications regarding the binding of the chromophore. Vision Res. 1988, 28:1083-1093.
158. Loew E.R., McFarland W.N. The Underwater Visual Environment. The Visual System of Fish 1990, 1-43. Chapman and Hall. R.H. Douglas, M.B.A. Djamgoz (Eds.).
159. Losey G.S., Cronin T.W., Goldsmith T.H., Hyde D., Marshall N.J., McFarland W.N. The UV visual world of fishes: a review. J. Fish Biol. 1999, 54:921-943.
160. Lythgoe J.N. The Adaptation of Visual Pigments to Their Photic Environment. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol.VII/I: The Photochemistry of Vision 1972, 566-603. Springer. H.J.A. Dartnall (Ed.).
161. Lythgoe J.N. The Ecology of Vision 1979, Clarendon.
162. Lythgoe J.N. Light and Vision in the Aquatic Environment. Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals 1988, 57-82. Springer. J. Atema, R.R. Fay, A.N. Popper, W.N. Tavolga (Eds.).
163. Lythgoe J.N., Partridge J.C. Visual pigments and the acquisition of visual information. J. Exp. Biol. 1989, 146:1-20.
164. Lythgoe J.N., Partridge J.C. The modeling of optimal visual pigments of dichromatic teleosts in green coastal waters. Vision Res. 1991, 31:361-371.
165. Lythgoe J.N., Shand J. Diel colour changes in the neon tetra, Paracheirodon innesi. Env. Biol. Fish. 1983, 8:249-254.
166. Marshall N.J. A unique colour and polarisation vision system in mantis shrimps. Nature 1988, 333:557-560.
167. Marshall N.J. Communication and camouflage with the same "bright" colour in reef fishes. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 2000, 355:1243-1248.
168. Marshall N.J. The Visual Ecology of Reef Fish Colours. Animal Signals: Signalling and Signal Design in Animal Communication 2000, 83-120. Tapir Press. Y. Espmark, T. Amundsen, G. Rosenqvist (Eds.).
169. Marshall N.J., Messenger J.B. Colour-blind camouflage. Nature 1996, 382:408-409.
170. Marshall N.J., Vorobyev M. Color Signals and Color Vision in Fishes. Sensory Processing in Aquatic Environments 2003, 194-222. Springer. S.P. Collin, N.J. Marshall (Eds.).
171. Marshall N.J., Cronin T.W., Frank T.N. Visual Adaptations in Crustaceans: Chromatic, Developmental, and Temporal aspects. Sensory Processing in the Aquatic Environment 2003, 343-372. Springer. S.P. Collins, N.J. Marshall (Eds.).
172. Marshall N.J., Cronin T.W., Shashar N. Behavioural evidence for polarization vision in stomatopods reveals a potential channel for communication. Curr. Biol. 1999, 9:755-758.
173. Marshall N.J., Jones J.P., Cronin T.W. Behavioural evidence for color vision in stomatopod crustaceans. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1996, 179:473-481.
174. Marshall N.J., Land M.F., King C.A., Cronin T.W. The compound eyes of mantis shrimps (Crustacea, Hoplocarida, Stomatopoda). II. Colour pigments in the eyes of Stomatopod crustaceans: polychromatic vision by serial and lateral filtering. Phil Trans. R. Ser. B 1991, 334:57-84.
175. Martin G.R. Visual fields in woodcocks Scolopax rusticola (Scolopacidae; Charadriiformes). J. Comp. Physiol. A 1994, 174:787-793.
176. Martin G.R., Rojas L.M., Ramirez Y., McNeil R. The eyes of oilbirds (Steatornis caripensis): pushing at the limits of sensitivity. Naturwissenschaften 2004, 91:26-29.
177. Mass A.M., Supin A.Y., Severtsov A.N. Topographic distribution of sizes and density of ganglion cells in the retina of a Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena. Aquatic Mammals 1986, 12:95-102.
178. Mäthger L.M., Denton E.J. Reflective properties of iridophores and fluorescent 'eyespots' in the loginid squid Alloteuthis subulata and Loligo vulgaris. J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204:2103-2118.
179. Mäthger L.M., Barbosa A., Miner S., Hanlon R.T. Color blindness and contrast perception in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) determined by a visual sensorimotor assay. Vision Res. 2006, 46:1746-1753.
180. Maximov V.V. Environmental factors which may have led to the appearance of colour vision. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2000, 355:1239-1242.
181. Mazel C.H., Cronin T.W., Caldwell R.L., Marshall J. Fluorescent enhancement of signaling in a mantis shrimp. Science 2004, 303:51.
182. McFarland W.N. Light in the sea - correlations with behaviors of fishes and invertebrates. Am. Zool. 1986, 26:389-401.
183. McFarland W.N., Loew E.R. Wave produced changes in underwater light and their relations to vision. Env. Biol. Fish 1983, 8:173-184.
184. Miller W.H. Ocular Optical Filtering. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol. VII/6A, Invertebrate Photoreceptors 1979, 69-143. Springer. H. Autrum (Ed.).
185. Minnaert M. The Nature of Light and Colour in the Open Air 1954, Dover.
186. Mollon J.D. Tho' she kneel'd in the Place where they grew ... J. Exp. Biol. 1989, 146:21-38.
187. Nagle M.G., Osorio D. The tuning of human photopigments may minimize red-green chromatic signals in natural conditions. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1993, 252:209-213.
188. Nalbach H.-O. Multisensory control of eyestalk orientation in decapod crustaceans: an ecological approach. J. Crust. Biol. 1990, 10:382-399.
189. Neitz J., Geist T., Jacobs G.H. Color vision in the dog. Vis. Neurosci. 1989, 3:119-125.
190. Neumeyer C. Tetrachromatic color vision in goldfish: evidence by color mixture experiments. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1992, 171:639-649.
191. Newman L.A., Robinson P.R. Cone visual pigments of aquatic mammals. Visual Neurosci. 2005, 22:873-879.
192. Nilsson D.-E. Optics and Evolution of the Compound Eye. Facets of Vision 1989, 30-73. Springer. D.G. Stavenga, R.C. Hardie (Eds.).
193. Nilsson D.-E. Eyes as optical alarm systems in fan worms and ark clams. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 1994, 346:195-212.
194. Nilsson D.-E. Eye Design, Vision and Invisibility in Planktonic Invertebrates. Zooplankton: Sensory Ecology and Physiology 1997, 149-162. Gordon and Breach. P.H. Lenz, D.K. Hartline, J.E. Purcell, D.L. Macmillan (Eds.).
195. Nilsson D.-E. Photoreceptor evolution: ancient siblings serve different tasks. Curr. Biol. 2005, 15:R94-R96.
196. Nilsson D.-E., Pelger S. A pessimistic estimate of the time required for an eye to evolve. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1994, 256:54-58.
197. Nilsson D.-E., Gislén L., Coates M., Skogh C., Garm A. Advanced optics in a jellyfish eye. Nature 2005, 435:201-205.
198. Nilsson D.-E., Labhart T., Meyer E. Photoreceptor design and optical properties affecting polarization sensitivity in ants and crickets. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1987, 161:645-658.
199. Niven J.E. Visual motion: homing in on small target detectors. Curr. Biol. 2006, 16:R292-R294.
200. Nordström K., Wallén R., Seymour J., Nilsson D.-E. A simple visual system without neurons in jellyfish larvae. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 2003, 270:2349-2354.
201. Novales Flamarique N., Harosi F.I. Visual pigments and dichroism of anchovy cones: a model system for polarization detection. Visual Neurosci. 2002, 19:467-473.
202. Novales Flamarique N., Hawryshyn C.W., Harosi F.I. Double-cone internal reflection as a basis for polarization detection in fish. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1998, 15:349-358.
203. Oakley T.H., Cunningham C.W. Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the independent evolutionary origin of an arthropod compound eye. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2002, 99:1426-1430.
204. Olshausen B.A., Field D.J. Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images. Nature 1996, 318:607-609.
205. Osorio D., Bossomaier T.R.J. Human cone-pigment spectral sensitivities and the reflectances of natural surfaces. Biol. Cybern. 1992, 67:217-222.
206. Osorio D., Srinivasan M.V. Camouflage by edge enhancement in animal coloration patterns and its implications for visual mechanisms. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 1991, 244:81-85.
207. Osorio D., Vorobyev M. Colour vision as an adaptation to frugivory in primates. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1996, 263:593-599.
208. Osorio D., Ruderman D.L., Cronin T.W. Estimation of errors in luminance signals encoded by primate retina resulting from sampling of natural images with red and green cones. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1998, 15:16-22.
209. Ott M., Schaeffel F. A negatively powered lens in the chameleon. Nature 1985, 373:692-694.
210. Palacios A.G., Varela F.J., Srivastava R., Goldsmith T.H. Spectral sensitivity of cones in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Vision Res. 1998, 38:2135-2146.
211. Parker A.R. Colour in Burgess Shale animals and the effect of light on evolution in the Cambrian. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 1998, 265:967-972.
212. Parker A.R., Hegedus Z., Watts R.A. Solar-absorber antireflector on the eye of an Eocene fly (45 Ma). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1998, 265:811-815.
213. Párraga C.A., Troscianko T., Tolhurst D.J. Spatiochromatic properties of natural images and human vision. Curr. Biol. 2002, 12:483-487.
214. Parry J.W.L., Carleton K.L., Spady T., Carboo A., Hunt D.M., Bowmaker J.K. Mix and match color vision: tuning spectral sensitivity by differential opsin gene expression in Lake Malawi cichlids. Curr. Biol. 2005, 15:1734-1739.
215. Partridge J.C. The Colour Sensitivity and Vision of Fishes. Light and Life in the Sea 1990, 167-184. Cambridge University Press. P.J. Herring, A.K. Campbell, M. Whitfield, L. Maddock (Eds.).
216. Partridge J.C., Douglas R.H. Far-red sensitivity of dragon fish. Nature 1995, 375:21-22.
217. Peichl L. Diversity of mammalian photoreceptor properties: adaptations to habitat and lifestyle?. Anat. Record A 2005, 287A:1001-1012.
218. Peichl L., Günther Behrmann G., Kröger R.H.H. For whales and seals the ocean is not blue: a visual pigment loss in marine mammals. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2001, 13:1520-1528.
219. Peitsch D., Fietz A., Hertel H., de Souza J., Ventura D.F., Menzel R. The spectral input systems of hymenopteran insects and their receptor-based colour vision. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1992, 170:23-40.
220. Pettigrew J.D., Collin S.P., Ott M. Convergence of specialized behaviour, eye movements and visual optics in the sandlance (Teleostei) and the chameleon (Reptilia). Curr. Biol. 1999, 9:421-424.
221. Prum R.O., Cole J.A., Torres R.H. Blue integumentary structural colours in dragonflies (Odonata) are not produced by incoherent Tyndall scattering. J. Exp. Biol. 2004, 207:3999-4009.
222. Prum R.O., Torres R.H., Williamson S., Dyck J. Coherent light scattering by blue feather barbs. Nature 1998, 396:28-29.
223. Ramachandran V.S., Tyler C.W., Gregory R.L., Rogers-Ramachandran D., Duensing S., Pillsbury C., Ramachandran C. Rapid adaptive camouflage in tropical flounders. Nature 1996, 379:815-818.
224. Regan B.C., Julliot C., Simmen B., Viénot F., Charles-Dominique P., Mollon J.D. Fruits, foliage, and the evolution of primate colour vision. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 2001, 356:229-283.
225. Roberts N.W., Gleeson H., Temple S.E., Haimberger T.J., Hawryshyn C.W. Differences in the optical properties of vertebrate photoreceptor classes leading to axial polarization sensitivity. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2004, 31:335-345.
226. Rossel S. Polarization Sensitivity in Compound Eyes. Facets of Vision 1989, 298-316. Springer. D.G. Stavenga, R.C. Hardie (Eds.).
227. Rossel S. Foveal fixation and tracking in the praying mantis. J. Comp. Physiol. 1980, 139:307-331.
228. Rowe M.P., Engheta N., Easter S.S., Pugh E.N. Graded-index model of a fish double cone exhibits differential polarization sensitivity. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1994, 11:55-70.
229. Rozenberg G.V. Twilight - A Study in Atmospheric Optics 1966, Plenum.
230. Ruderman D.L. The statistics of natural images. Network. Comp. Neural Sys. 1994, 5:517-548.
231. Ruderman D.L., Bialek W. Statistics of natural images: Scaling in the woods. Phys. Rev. Letters 1994, 73:814-817.
232. Ruderman D.L., Cronin T.W., Chiao C.-C. Statistics of cone responses to natural images: implications for visual coding. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1998, 15:2036-2045.
233. Saidel W.M., Lettvin J.Y., McNichol E.F. Processing of polarized light by squid photoreceptors. Nature 1983, 304:534-536.
234. Schaeffel F., Murphy C.J., Howland H.C. Accommodation in the cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis). J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 202:3127-3134.
235. Schwind R. The plunge reaction of the backswimmer Notonecta glauca. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1984, 155:319-321.
236. Schwind R. Polarization vision in water insects and insects living on a moist substrate. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1991, 169:531-540.
237. Shashar N., Hanlon R.T. Squids (Loligo pealii and Euprymna scolopes) can exhibit polarized light patterns produced by their skin. Biol. Bull. 1997, 193:207-208.
238. Shashar N., Hanlon R.T., Petz A.M. Polarization vision helps detect transparent prey. Nature 1998, 393:222-223.
239. Shashar N., Hagan R., Boal J.G., Hanlon R.T. Cuttlefish use polarization sensitivity in predation on silvery fish. Vision Res. 2000, 40:71-75.
240. Shashar N., Rutledge P., Cronin T.W. Polarization vision in cuttlefish: a concealed communication channel?. J. Exp. Biol. 1996, 199:2077-2084.
241. Sherk T.E. Development of the compound eyes of dragonflies (Odonata). III. Adult compound eyes. J. Exp. Zool. 1978, 203:61-80.
242. Shuye S.-K., Hewett-Emmett D., Sperling H.G., Hunt D.M., Bowmaker J.K., Mollon J.D., Li W.-H. Adaptive evolution of color vision genes in higher primates. Science 1995, 269:1265-1267.
243. Siddiqi A., Cronin T.W., Loew E.R., Vorobyev M., Summers K. Interspecific and intraspecific views of color signals in the strawberry poison frog, Dendrobates pumilio. J. Exp. Biol. 2004, 207:2471-2485.
244. Siebeck U.E. Communication in coral reef fish: the role of ultraviolet colour patterns in damselfish territorial behaviour. Anim. Behav. 2004, 68:273-282.
245. Sillen-Tullberg B. The significance of coloration per se, independent of background, for predator avoidance of aposematic prey. Anim. Behav. 1985, 33:1382-1384.
246. Sivak J.G. Optics of Amphibious Eyes in Vertebrates. Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals 1988, 467-485. Springer-Verlag. J. Atema, R.R. Fay, A.N. Popper, W.N. Tavolga (Eds.).
247. Snyder A.W. Polarization sensitivity of individual retinula cells. J. Comp. Physiol. 1973, 83:331-360.
248. Snyder A.W. Physics of Vision in Compound Eyes. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol. VII/6A, Invertebrate Photoreceptors 1979, 225-313. Springer-Verlag. H. Autrum (Ed.).
249. Snyder A.W., Laughlin S.B. Dichroism and absorption by photoreceptors. J. Comp. Physiol. 1975, 100:101-116.
250. Snyder A.W., Stavenga D.G., Laughlin S.B. Information capacity of eyes. Vision Res. 1977, 17:1163-1175.
251. Speck M., Labhart T. Carotenoid deprivation and rhodopsin alignment in R1-6 photoreceptors of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Neurobiol. Conf. Goettingen 2001, 28:514.
252. Srinivasan M.V., Laughlin S.B., Dubs A. Predictive coding: a fresh view of inhibition in the retina. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1982, 216:427-459.
253. Stavenga D.G., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. Simple exponential functions describing the absorbance bands of visual pigment spectra. Vision Res. 1993, 33:1011-1017.
254. Stockman A., MacLeod D.I.A., Johnson N.E. Spectral sensitivities of the human cones. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1993, 10:2491-2521.
255. Summers K., Cronin T.W., Kennedy T. Variation in spectral reflectance among populations of Dendrobates pumilio, the strawberry poison frog, in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama. J. Biogeography 2003, 30:35-53.
256. Suzuki T., Arikawa K., Eguchi E. The effects of light and temperature on the rhodopsin-porphyropsin visual system of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Zoological Sci. 1985, 2:455-461.
257. 2 aldehyde) in crayfish eye. Vision Res. 1984, 24:783-787.
258. Sweeney A., Jiggins C., Johnsen S. Polarized light as a mating signal in a butterfly. Nature 2003, 424:31-32.
259. Temple S.E., Plate E.M., Ramsden S., Haimberger T.J., Roth W.-M., Hawryshyn C.W. Seasonal cycle in vitamin A1/A2-based visual pigment composition during the life history of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). J. Comp. Physiol. A 2006, 192:301-313.
260. Theobald J.C., Greiner B., Wcislo W.T., Warrant E.J. Visual summation in night-flying sweat bees: A theoretical study. Vision Res. 2006, 46:2298-2309.
261. Théry M., Casas J. Predator and prey views of spider camouflage. Nature 2002, 415:133.
262. Trezise A.E.O., Collin S.P. Opsins: evolution in waiting. Curr. Biol. 2005, 15:R794-R795.
263. Tsin A.T.C., Beatty D.D. Scotopic visual pigment composition in the retinas and vitamins A in the pigment epithelium of the goldfish. Exp. Eye Res. 1979, 29:15-26.
264. Tucker V.A. The deep fovea, sideways vision and spiral flight paths in raptors. J. Exp. Biol. 2000, 203:3745-3754.
265. Tyler J.E., Smith R.C. Measurements of Spectral Irradiance Under Water. Ocean Series 1970, 1. Gordon and Breach.
266. Vladusich T., Hemmi J.M., Srinivasan M.V., Zeil J. Interactions of visual odometry and landmark guidance during food search in honeybees. J. Exp. Biol. 2005, 208:4123-4135.
267. Vorobyev M., Gumbert A., Kunze J., Giurfa M., Menzel R. Flowers through insect eyes. Israel J. Plant Sci. 1997, 45:93-102.
268. Vorobyev M., Marshall J., Osorio D., Hempel de Ibarra N., Menzel R. Colourful objects through animal eyes. Color Res. Appl. 2001, 26:S214-S217.
269. Vorobyev M., Osorio D., Bennett A.T.D., Marshall N.J., Cuthill I.C. Tetrachromacy, oil droplets and bird plumage colours. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1998, 183:621-633.
270. Vukusic P., Sambles R.H. Photonic structures in biology. Nature 2003, 424:852-855.
271. Walls G.L. The Vertebrate Eye and Its Adaptive Radiation 1942, Cranbrook Institute of Science.
272. Warrant E.J. Vision in the dimmest habitats on Earth. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2004, 190:765-789.
273. Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. Absorption of white light in photoreceptors. Vision Res. 1998, 38:195-207.
274. Warrant E.J., Collin S.P., Locket N.A. Eye Design and Vision in Deep-Sea Fishes. Sensory Processing in Aquatic Environments 2003, 303-322. Springer. S.P. Collin, N.J. Marshall (Eds.).
275. Warrant E.J., Kelber A., Gislén A., Greiner B., Ribi W.A., Wcislo W.T. Nocturnal vision and landmark orientation in a tropical halictid bee. Curr. Biol. 2004, 14:1309-1318.
276. Warrant E., Porombka T., Kirchner W.H. Neural image enhancement allows honeybees to see at night. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1996, 263:1521-1526.
277. Waterman T.H. Polarization Sensitivity. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol. VII/6B, Invertebrate Visual Centers and Behavior 1981, 281-463. Springer. H. Autrum (Ed.).
278. Waterman T.H. Natural Polarized Light and Vision. Photoreception and Vision in Invertebrates 1984, 63-114. Plenum. M.A. Ali (Ed.).
279. Wehner R. "Matched filters" - neural models of the external world. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1987, 161:511-531.
280. Wehner R. Polarization vision - a uniform sensory capacity?. J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204:2589-2596.
281. Wehner R., Bernard G.D. Photoreceptor twist: a solution to the false-color problem. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1993, 90:4132-4135.
282. Zeiger J., Goldsmith T.H. Spectral properties of porphyropsin from an invertebrate. Vision Res. 1989, 29:519-527.
283. Zeil J., Hemmi J.M. The visual ecology of fiddler crabs. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2006, 192:1-25.
284. Zeil J., Nalbach G., Nalbach H.-O. Eyes, eye stalks, and the visual world of semi-terrestrial crabs. J. Comp. Physiol. A 1986, 159:801-811.
285. Zeil J., Nalbach G., Nalbach H.-O. Spatial Vision in a Flat World: Optical and Neural Adaptations in Arthropods. Neurobiology of Sensory Systems 1989, 123-137. Plenum. R.N. Singh, N. Strausfeld (Eds.).