Posterolateral Ligament Injuries: Diagnosis, Operative Techniques, and Clinical Outcomes

Noyes' Knee Disorders: Surgery, Rehabilitation, Clinical Outcomes

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 577-630

  Noyes, Frank R ^a,b,c,d   Barber Westin, Sue D ^a  

^a Cincinnati SportsMedicine Research and Education Foundation   (United States)

^b Cincinnati Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic Center Inc   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d University of Cincinnati   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952711098     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4160-5474-0.00022-9     Document Type: Chapter

References (60)

1. C.L. Baker Jr., L.A. Norwood and J.C. Hughston (1983) Acute posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 65 614-618.
2. S.D. Barber-Westin, F.R. Noyes and J.W. McCloskey (1999) Rigorous statistical reliability, validity, and responsiveness testing of the Cincinnati Knee Rating System in 350 subjects with uninjured, injured, or anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees. Am J Sports Med 27 402-416.
3. N. Bottomley, A. Williams, R. Birch, et al. (2005) Displacement of the common peroneal nerve in posterolateral corner injuries of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br 87 1225-1226.
4. R. Buzzi, P. Aglietti, L.M. Vena and F. Giron (2004) Lateral collateral ligament reconstruction using a semitendinosus graft. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 12 36-42.
5. A. Chhabra, P.S. Cha, J.A. Rihn, et al. (2005) Surgical management of knee dislocations. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87(suppl 1 pt 1), 1-21.
6. D.E. Cooper (1991) Tests for posterolateral instability of the knee in normal subjects. Results of examination under anesthesia. J Bone Joint Surg Am 73 30-36.
7. D.E. Cooper and D. Stewart (2004) Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using single-bundle patella tendon graft with tibial inlay fixation: 2- to 10-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 32 346-360.
8. J.C. DeLee, M.B. Riley and C.A. Rockwood Jr. (1983) Acute posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee. Am J Sports Med 11 199-207.
9. A.L. Dellon, J. Ebmer and P. Swier (2002) Anatomic variations related to decompression of the common peroneal nerve at the fibular head. Ann Plast Surg 48 30-34.
10. T.W. Dugdale, F.R. Noyes and D. Styer (1992) Preoperative planning for high tibial osteotomy: the effect of lateral tibiofemoral separation and tibiofemoral length. Clin Orthop Relat Res 274 248-264.
11. G.C. Fanelli and C.J. Edson (2002) Arthroscopically assisted combined anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the multiple ligament injured knee: 2- to 10-year follow-up. Arthroscopy 18 703-714.
12. G.C. Fanelli and C.J. Edson (2004) Combined posterior cruciate ligament-posterolateral reconstructions with Achilles tendon allograft and biceps femoris tendon tenodesis: 2- to 10-year follow-up. Arthroscopy 20 339-345.
13. D.L. Gollehon, P.A. Torzilli and R.F. Warren (1987) The role of the posterolateral and cruciate ligaments in the stability of the human knee. A biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 69 233-242.
14. E.S. Grood, F.R. Noyes, D.L. Butler and W.J. Suntay (1981) Ligamentous and capsular restraints preventing straight medial and lateral laxity in intact human cadaver knees. J Bone Joint Surg Am 63 1257-1269.
15. C.D. Harner, R.L. Waltrip, C.H. Bennett, et al. (2004) Surgical management of knee dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86 262-273.
16. T.E. Hewett, F.R. Noyes and M.D. Lee (1997) Diagnosis of complete and partial posterior cruciate ligament ruptures. Stress radiography compared with KT-1000 arthrometer and posterior drawer testing. Am J Sports Med 25 648-655.
17. Y.B. Jung, S.K. Tae, H.J. Jung and K.H. Lee (2004) Replacement of the torn posterior cruciate ligament with a mid-third patellar tendon graft with use of a modified tibial inlay method. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86 1878-1883.
18. Y.B. Jung, H.J. Jung, S.J. Kim, et al. (2008) Posterolateral corner reconstruction for posterolateral rotatory instability combined with posterior cruciate ligament injuries: comparison between fibular tunnel and tibial tunnel techniques. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 16 239-248.
19. R.K. Kadiyala, A. Ramirez, A.E. Taylor, et al. (2005) The blood supply of the common peroneal nerve in the popliteal fossa. J Bone Joint Surg Br 87 337-342.
20. S.J. Kim, I.S. Park, Y.M. Cheon and S.W. Ryu (2004) New technique for chronic posterolateral instability of the knee: posterolateral reconstruction using the tibialis posterior tendon allograft. Arthroscopy 20(suppl 2), 195-200.
21. R.F. LaPrade (2005) Anatomic reconstruction of the posterolateral aspect of the knee. J Knee Surg 18 167-171.
22. R.F. LaPrade (Ed.) (2006) Posterolateral Knee Injuries. Anatomy, Evaluation, and Treatment New York: Thieme 238.
23. R.F. LaPrade, C. Heikes, A.J. Bakker and R.B. Jakobsen (2008) The reproducibility and repeatability of varus stress radiographs in the assessment of isolated fibular collateral ligament and grade-III posterolateral knee injuries. An in vitro biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90 2069-2076.
24. R.F. LaPrade, S. Johansen, F.A. Wentorf, et al. (2004) An analysis of an anatomical posterolateral knee reconstruction: an in vitro biomechanical study and development of a surgical technique. Am J Sports Med 32 1405-1414.
25. R.F. LaPrade, T.V. Ly, F.A. Wentorf and L. Engebretsen (2003) The posterolateral attachments of the knee: a qualitative and quantitative morphologic analysis of the fibular collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, popliteofibular ligament, and lateral gastrocnemius tendon. Am J Sports Med 31 854-860.
26. R.F. LaPrade and G.C. Terry (1997) Injuries to the posterolateral aspect of the knee. Association of anatomic injury patterns with clinical instability. Am J Sports Med 25 433-438.
27. R.F. LaPrade, F.A. Wentorf, H. Fritts, et al. (2007) A prospective magnetic resonance imaging study of the incidence of posterolateral and multiple ligament injuries in acute knee injuries presenting with a hemarthrosis. Arthroscopy 23 1341-1347.
28. R.V. Larson and D.J. Belfie (2003) Lateral collateral ligament reconstruction utilizing semitendinosus tendon. Tech Knee Surg 2 190-199.
29. H.A. Latimer, J.E. Tibone, N.S. ElAttrache and P.J. McMahon (1998) Reconstruction of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee with patellar tendon allograft. Report of a new technique in combined ligament injuries. Am J Sports Med 26 656-662.
30. T.I. Malinin, R.L. Levitt, C. Bashore, et al. (2002) A study of retrieved allografts used to replace anterior cruciate ligaments. Arthroscopy 18 163-170.
31. K.L. Markolf, B.R. Graves, S.M. Sigward, et al. (2007) Effects of posterolateral reconstructions on external tibial rotation and forces in a posterior cruciate ligament graft. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89 2351-2358.
32. K.L. Markolf, B.R. Graves, S.M. Sigward, et al. (2007) How well do anatomical reconstructions of the posterolateral corner restore varus stability to the posterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee? Am J Sports Med 35 1117-1122.
33. K.L. Markolf, B.R. Graves, S.M. Sigward, et al. (2007) Popliteus bypass and popliteofibular ligament reconstructions reduce posterior tibial translations and forces in a posterior cruciate ligament graft. Arthroscopy 23 482-487.
34. S. Nielsen, J. Ovesen and O. Rasmussen (1985) The posterior cruciate ligament and rotatory knee instability. An experimental study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 104 53-56.
35. S. Nielsen, O. Rasmussen, J. Ovesen and K. Andersen (1984) Rotatory instability of cadaver knees after transection of collateral ligaments and capsule. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 103 165-169.
36. F.R. Noyes, S.D. Barber and R. Simon (1993) High tibial osteotomy and ligament reconstruction in varus-angulated, anterior cruciate ligament–deficient knees. A two- to seven-year follow-up study. Am J Sports Med 21 2-12.
37. F.R. Noyes and S.D. Barber-Westin (2005) Posterior cruciate ligament revision reconstruction, part 1: causes of surgical failure in 52 consecutive operations. Am J Sports Med 33 646-654.
38. F.R. Noyes and S.D. Barber-Westin (2007) Posterolateral knee reconstruction with an anatomical bone–patellar tendon–bone reconstruction of the fibular collateral ligament. Am J Sports Med 35 259-273.
39. F.R. Noyes and S.D. Barber-Westin (2001) Revision anterior cruciate surgery with use of bone–patellar tendon–bone autogenous grafts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 83 1131-1143.
40. F.R. Noyes and S.D. Barber-Westin (1995) Surgical reconstruction of severe chronic posterolateral complex injuries of the knee using allograft tissues. Am J Sports Med 23 2-12.
41. F.R. Noyes and S.D. Barber-Westin (1996) Surgical restoration to treat chronic deficiency of the posterolateral complex and cruciate ligaments of the knee joint. Am J Sports Med 24 415-426.
42. F.R. Noyes, S.D. Barber-Westin and J.C. Albright (2006) An analysis of the causes of failure in 57 consecutive posterolateral operative procedures. Am J Sports Med 34 1419-1430.
43. F.R. Noyes, S.D. Barber-Westin and T.E. Hewett (2000) High tibial osteotomy and ligament reconstruction for varus-angulated anterior cruciate ligament–deficient knees. Am J Sports Med 28 282-296.
44. F.R. Noyes, S.D. Barber-Westin and M. Rankin (2004) Meniscal transplantation in symptomatic patients less than fifty years old. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86 1392-1404.
45. F.R. Noyes, S.D. Barber-Westin and C.S. Roberts (1994) Use of allografts after failed treatment of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am 76 1019-1031.
46. F.R. Noyes, L.A. Dunworth, T.P. Andriacchi, et al. (1996) Knee hyperextension gait abnormalities in unstable knees. Recognition and preoperative gait retraining. Am J Sports Med 24 35-45.
47. F.R. Noyes, E.S. Grood and P.A. Torzilli (1989) Current concepts review. The definitions of terms for motion and position of the knee and injuries of the ligaments. J Bone Joint Surg Am 71 465-472.
48. F.R. Noyes, O.D. Schipplein, T.P. Andriacchi, et al. (1992) The anterior cruciate ligament–deficient knee with varus alignment. An analysis of gait adaptations and dynamic joint loadings. Am J Sports Med 20 707-716.
49. F.R. Noyes and C.L. Stabler (1989) A system for grading articular cartilage lesions at arthroscopy. Am J Sports Med 17 505-513.
50. C. Pasque, F.R. Noyes, M. Gibbons, et al. (2003) The role of the popliteofibular ligament and the tendon of popliteus in providing stability in the human knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br 85 292-298.
51. S.A. Rodeo, S.P. Arnoczky, P.A. Torzilli, et al. (1993) Tendon-healing in a bone tunnel. A biomechanical and histological study in the dog. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75 1795-1803.
52. I.F. Rubel, I. Schwarzbard, A. Leonard and D. Cece (2004) Anatomic location of the peroneal nerve at the level of the proximal aspect of the tibia: Gerdy's safe zone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86 1625-1628.
53. J.P. Stannard, S.L. Brown, R.C. Farris, et al. (2005) The posterolateral corner of the knee: repair versus reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 33 881-888.
54. H.U. Staubli (1994) Posteromedial and posterolateral capsular injuries associated with posterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2 146-164.
55. E.J. Strauss, C. Ishak, C. Inzerillo, et al. (2007) Effect of tibial positioning on the diagnosis of posterolateral rotatory instability in the posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Br J Sports Med 41 481-485. discussion 485
56. G.C. Terry and R.F. LaPrade (1996) The biceps femoris muscle complex at the knee. Its anatomy and injury patterns associated with acute anterolateral-anteromedial rotatory instability. Am J Sports Med 24 2-8.
57. D.M. Veltri, X.H. Deng, P.A. Torzilli, et al. (1995) The role of the cruciate and posterolateral ligaments in stability of the knee. A biomechanical study. Am J Sports Med 23 436-443.
58. D.M. Veltri and R.F. Warren (1994) Anatomy, biomechanics, and physical findings in posterolateral knee instability. Clin Sports Med 13 599-614.
59. C.J. Wang, H.S. Chen, T.W. Huang and L.J. Yuan (2002) Outcome of surgical reconstruction for posterior cruciate and posterolateral instabilities of the knee. Injury 33 815-821.
60. J. Zhao, Y. He and J. Wang (2006) Anatomical reconstruction of knee posterolateral complex with the tendon of the long head of biceps femoris. Am J Sports Med 34 1615-1622.