"You don't train for a marathon sitting on the couch": Performances of pregnancy 'fitness' and 'good' motherhood in Melbourne, Australia

Women's Studies International Forum

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 50-65

  Nash, Meredith ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FEMINISM; PREGNANCY;

AUSTRALIA; MELBOURNE; VICTORIA [AUSTRALIA];

EID: 79952703604     PISSN: 02775395     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2010.10.004     Document Type: Article

References (127)

1. Adolfsson, Annsofie, Larsson, P. G., Wijma, Barbro, & Bertero, Carina (2004). Guilt and emptiness: Women's experiences of miscarriage. Health Care for Women International, 25(6), 543-560.
2. Anderson, Warwick (2005). The cultivation of whiteness: Science, health and racial destiny in Australia. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
3. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006a). Births Australia, 2005 (No. 3301). Retrieved from. http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3301.0Main+Features12005?OpenDocument
4. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006b). Physical activity in Australia: A snapshot, 2004-5 (No. 835.0.55.001). Retrieved from. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4835.0.55.001
5. Australian Sports Commission (2002). Pregnancy in sport: Guidelinesfor the Australian sporting industry. Belconnen: Australian Sports Commission.
6. Bartky, Sandra Lee (1988). Foucault, femininity and the modernization of patriarchal power. In Irene Diamond, & Lee Quinby (Eds.), Feminism and Foucault: Reflections on resistance (pp. 61-89). Boston: Northeastern University Press.
7. Baumann, Adrian, Bellew, Bill, Vita, Phil, Brown, Wendy, & Owen, Neville (2002). Getting Australia active: Towards betterpracticefor the promotion of physical activity. Melbourne: National Public Health Partnership.
8. Bell, Robin, & Palma, Sonia (2000). Antenatal exercise and birthweight. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 40(1), 70-73.
9. Bongiorno, Frank (2004). A short history of new thought in Australia, 1890-1914. Australian Cultural History, 23, 25-42.
10. Bordo, Susan (1993). Unbearable weight: Feminism, western culture and the body. Berkeley: University of California Press.
11. Boscaglia, Nadia, Skouteris, Helen, & Wertheim, Eleanor H. (2003). Changes in body image satisfaction during pregnancy: A comparison of high exercising and low exercising women. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 43(1), 41 -45.
12. Brabazon,Tara (2006). Fitness is a feministissue. Australian Feminist Studies, 21(49), 65-83.
13. Brace-Govan, Jan (2002). Looking at body work: Women and three physical activities.Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 26(4), 403-420.
14. Braidotti, Rosi (1994). Nomadic subjects: Embodiment and sexual difference in contemporaryfeminist theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
15. Brody, Jane E. (1994, February 2). Fitness and the foetus: A turnabout in advice.New York Times Retrieved from http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07E6DE173AF931A35751C0A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2
16. Brown, Wendy (2002). The benefits of physical activity during pregnancy. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 5(1), 37-45.
17. Bulbeck, Chilla (1997). Livingfeminism: The impact of the women's movement on three generations of Australian women. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. Byrne, Bridget (2006). White lives: The interplay of "race", class and gender in everyday life. London: Routledge.
19. Campo, Natasha (2005). "Having it all?" or "had enough": Blaming feminism in The Age and The Sydney Morning Herald, 1980-2004. Journal of Australian Studies, 28(84), 63-72.
20. Choi, Precilla Y. L (2000). Femininity and the physically active woman. London and Philadelphia: Routledge.
21. Clapp, J. F. (1989). The effects of maternal exercise on early pregnancy outcome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 161(6), 1453-1457.
22. Clarke, Adele (2005). Situational analysis: Grounded theory after the postmodern turn. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
23. Cooper, Kenneth (1970). New aerobics. New York: Bantam.
24. Copelton, Denise A. (2007). "You are what you eat": Nutritional norms, maternal deviance, and neutralization of women's prenatal diets. Deviant Behavior, 28(5), 467-494.
25. Crossly, Nick (2006). In the gym: Motives, meaning and moral careers. Body &Society, 12(3), 23-50.
26. Cunningham, Hilary (2002). Prodigal bodies: Pop culture and post-pregnancy. Michigan Quarterly Review, 41(3), 428-454.
27. Curry, Lisa (1992). Lisa Curry's pregnancy and fitness: Healthy exercise, diet and nutrition, relaxation. Pymble: Angus & Robertson.
28. Curthoys, Ann (1989). Eugenics, feminism and birth control: The case of Marion Piddington. Hecate, 15(1), 73-89.
29. Danaher, Carla (2007, September 1). Supermums conquer own hurdles. Herald Sun Retrieved from http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,22342742-2862,00.html
30. Davis, Kathy (1997). Embodied practices: Feminist perspectives on the body. London: Sage.
31. Davis-Floyd, Robbie (1992). Birth as an American rite of passage. Berkeley: University of California Press.
32. Duncombe, Diane, Wertheim, Eleanor H., Skouteris, Helen, Paxton, Susan J., & Kelly, Leanne (2009). Factors related to the exercise over the course of pregnancy including women's beliefs about the safety of exercise during pregnancy. Midwifery, 25(4), 430-438.
33. Dux, Monica, & Simic, Zora (2008). The great feminist denial. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
34. Dworkin, Shari L. (2003). A woman's place is in the...cardiovascular room?? Gender relations, the body, and the gym. In Anne Bolin, &Jane Granskog (Eds.), Athletic intruders: Ethnographic research on women, culture, and exercise (pp. 131-158). New York: State University of New York Press.
35. Dworkin, Shari L., & Messner, Michael A. (1999). Just do...what? Sport, bodies, gender. In Myra Marx Ferree,Judith Lorber, & Beth B. Hess (Eds.), Revisioning gender (pp. 341-364). London: Sage.
36. Dworkin, Shari L., & Wachs, Faye L. (2004). "Getting your body back": Postindustrial fit motherhood in Shape Fit pregnancy magazine. Gender & Society, 18(5), 612-615.
37. Dworkin, Shari L, & Wachs, Faye L (2009). Body panic: Gender, health and the selling of fitness. New York: New York University Press.
38. Edwards, Rosalind (1990). Connecting method and epistemology: Awhite woman interviewing black women. Women's Studies International Forum, 13(5), 477-490.
39. England, Kim V. L. (1993). Getting personal: Reflexivity, positionality and feminist research. The Professional Geographer, 46(1), 80-89.
40. Featherstone, Lisa (2005). Sexy mamas? Women, sexuality and reproduction in Australia in the 1940s. Australian Historical Studies, 126, 234-252.
41. Franck-Dumas, Elisabeth (2007, April). Born to run. Vogue, 349-351.
42. Frost, Liz (2005). Theorizing the young woman in the body. Body and Society, 11(1), 63-85.
43. Giddens, Anthony (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Selfand society in the late modern age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
44. Gimlin, Debra (2002). Body work: Beauty and self-image in American culture. Berkeley: University of California Press.
45. Glaser, Barney, & Strauss, Anselm (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategiesfor qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine.
46. Glassner, Barry (1990). Fit for postmodern selfhood. In Howard S. Becker, & Michael M. McCall (Eds.), Symbolic interaction and cultural studies (pp. 215-243). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
47. Goodwin, Ann, Astbury, Jill, & McMeeken, Joan (2000). Body image and psychological well-being in pregnancy: A comparison of exercisers and non-exercisers. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 40(4), 442-447.
48. Gray, Steve (2010, February 11). Poll finds women unhappy with body image. The Age. Retrieved from http://news.theage.com.au/breaking-news-national/poll-finds-women-unhappy-with-body-image-20100211-nto2.html
49. Gross, Harriet, & Pattison, Helen (2007). Sanctioningpregnancy:Apsychological perspective on theparadoxes and culture of research. London: Routledge.
50. Gullan, Scott (2007, August 30a). How a mum-to-be became an Aussie supermum: Rebirth of a star. Herald Sun, 118.
51. Gullan, Scott (2007, September 1 b). Jana's a super mum.Courier Mail Retrieved from http ://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,22341746-10389,00.html
52. Haas, Jennifer S., Jackson, Rebecca A., Fuentes-Afflick, Elena, Stewart, Anita L., Dean, Mitzi L., Brawarsky, Phyllis, et al. (2005). Changes in the health status of women during and after pregnancy.Journal of General Internal Medicine,20(1), 40-51.
53. Hanson, Clare (2004).A cultural history of pregnancy: Pregnancy, medicine and culture, 1750-2000. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
54. Haravon Collins, Leslea (2002). Working out the contradictions: Feminism and aerobics.Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 26(1), 85-109.
55. Haussegger, Virginia (2005). Wonder woman: The myth of "having it all". Crow's Nest: Allen & Unwin.
56. Heywood, Leslie, & Dworkin, Shari L (2003). Built to win: Thefemale athlete as cultural icon. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
57. Hjollund, Niels Henrik,Jensen, Tina Kjold, Bonde,Jens Peter E., Henriksen, Tine Brink, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Kolstad, Henrik A., et al. (2000). Spontaneous abortion and physical strain around implantation: A follow-up study of first-pregnancy planners. Epidemiology, 11(1), 18-23.
58. Hochschild, Arlie (1990). The second shift: Workingparents and the revolution at home. New York: Avon Books.
59. Jaggar, Alison, & Bordo, Susan (1989). Gender/body/knowledge: Feminist reconstructions of being and knowing. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
60. Kagan, Elizabeth, & Morse, Margaret (1988). The body electronic: Aerobic exercise on video: Women's search for empowerment and self-transformation. TDR, 32(4), 164-180.
61. Kirkby, Robert, & Birmingham, Rachael (1996). Exercise in pregnancy: Psychological benefits.Australian Journal of Primary Health Interchange,2(1),48-60.
62. Kukla, Rebecca (2005). Mass hysteria: Medicine, culture, and mothers' bodies. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
63. Laqueur, Thomas (1990). Making sex: Body and genderfrom the Greeks to Freud. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
64. Leeds Craig, Maxine, & Liberti, Rita (2007). "Cause that's what girls do": The making of a feminized gym. Gender &Society,21(5), 676-699.
65. Lenskyj, Helen (1986). Out of bounds: Women, sport and sexuality. Toronto: Women's Press.
66. Lloyd, Moya (1996). Feminism, aerobics and the politics of the body. Body & Society,2(2), 79-98.
67. Lokey, Enga A., Tran, Zung V., Wells, Christine L., Myers, Barbee C, & Tran, Andrea C. (1991). Effects of physical exerciseon pregnancyoutcomes: A meta-analytic review. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 23(11), 1234-1239.
68. Longhurst, Robyn (2001). Bodies: Exploringfluid boundaries. London: Routledge.
69. Longhurst, Robyn, & Johnston, Lynda (1998). Embodying places and emplacing bodies: Pregnant women and women body builders. In Rosemary Du Plessis, & Lynne Alice (Eds.), Feminist thought in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Differences and connections (pp. 156-163). Auckland: Oxford University Press New Zealand.
70. Lupton, Deborah (1999). Risk and the ontology of pregnant embodiment Risk and sociocultural theory: New directions and perspectives (pp. 59-85). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
71. Madsen, M.,Jorgensen, T.,Jensen, M. L.,Juhl, M., Olsen,J., Anderson, P. K., etal. (2007). Leisure time physical exercise during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: A study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 114(11), 1419-1426.
72. Magann, Everett F., Evans, Sharon F., Weitz, Beth, & Newnham,John (2002). Antepartum, intrapartum, and neonatal significance of exercise on healthy low-risk pregnant working women. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 99(3), 466-472.
73. Markula, Pirkko (2001). Beyond the perfect body: Women's body image distortion in fitness magazine discourse. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 25(2), 158-179.
74. Markula, Pirkko (2003). Postmodern aerobics: Contradiction and resistance. In Anne Bolin, & Jane Granskog (Eds.), Athletic intruders: Ethnographic research on women, culture, and exercise (pp. 53-78). New York: State University of New York Press.
75. Martin, Emily (1992). The woman in the body: A cultural analysis of reproduction. Boston: Beacon Press.
76. Martin, Kathleen A., & Fox, Lesley D. (2001). Group and leadership effects on social anxiety experienced during an exercise class.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,31(5), 1000-1016.
77. Matthews, Jill (1984). Good and mad women: The historical construction of femininity in twentieth century Australia. Sydney: George Allen & Unwin.
78. Matthews, Jill (1985). Building the body beautiful: The femininity of modernity. Australian Feminist Studies, 5(1), 17-34.
79. Maynard, Margaret (1995). "The wishful feeling about curves": Fashion, femininity and the "new look" in Australia.Journal of Design History, 8(1), 43-59.
80. Maynard, Margaret (1999). Living dolls: The fashion model in Australia. Journal of Popular Culture, 33(1), 191-205.
81. McCormack, Derek (1999). Body shopping: Reconfiguring geographies of fitness. Gender, Place and Culture, 6(2), 155-177.
82. McDermott, Lisa (2000). A qualitative assessment of the significance of body perception to women's physical activity experience: Revisiting discussions of physicalities. Sociology of Sport Journal, 17(4), 331-363.
83. McRobbie, Angela (2007). Top girls. Cultural Studies,21(4), 718-737.
84. Mendola, Richard, Tennen, Howard, Affleck, Glen, McCann, Lisa, & Fitzgerald, Terrance (1990). Appraisal and adaptation amongwomen with impaired fertility. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(1), 79-93.
85. Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1962). Phenomenology of perception. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
86. Miller, Tina (2005). Making sense of motherhood: A narrative approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
87. Monaghan, Lee (1999). Creating "the perfect body": Avariable project. Body &Society, 5(2-3), 267-290.
88. Moore, Booth, & Malik, Sarah (2006, October 5). Survival of the thinnest.The Age Retrieved from http://www.theage.com.au/news/eating-disorder/survival-of-the-thinnest/2006/10/05/1159641434825.html
89. Murray, Samantha (2007). Corporeal knowledges and deviant bodies: Perceiving the fat body. Social Semiotics, 17(3), 361 -373.
90. Nash, Meredith (2006). Oh baby, baby: (Un)veiling Britney Spears' pregnant body. Michigan Feminist Studies, 19, 27-50.
91. Nash, Meredith (2008). Yummy mummies, baby bumps and body image: Shaping "postmodern" pregnancy in Melbourne, Australia. PhD Thesis. University of Melbourne.
92. Nash, Meredith (2009). Expanding seams: The geography of Australian maternity shopping. In Tanfer Tunc, & Annessa Babic (Eds.), The globetrotting shopaholic: Consumer spaces, products, and their cultural places (pp. 205-220). Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
93. Newman, Christy (2007). Reader letters to women's health magazines: Inscribing the "will to health". Feminist Media Studies, 7(2), 155-170.
94. Oakley, Ann (1984). The captured womb: A history of the medical care of pregnant women. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Orbach, Susie (1978). Fat is a feminist issue. New York: Berkeley Press.
95. Peterson, Alan, & Lupton, Deborah (1996). Risk, governance, and the new public health. St. Leonards: Allen & Unwin.
96. Poudevigne, Melanie, & O'Connor, Patrick (2006). A review of physical activity patterns in pregnant women and their relationship to psychological health. Sports Medicine, 36(8), 19-38.
97. PuruShotam,Nirmala (1998). Between compliance and resistance: Women and the middle-class way of life in Singapore. In Krishna Sen, & Maila Stivens (Eds.), Gender and power in affluent Asia (pp. 127-166). London: Routledge.
98. Randerson, James (2007, September 27). Exercise can increase risk of miscarriage. Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2007/sep/27/medicineandhealth
99. Reay, Diane (1996). Insider perspectives or stealing words out of women's mouths: Interpretation inthe research process. Feminist Review, 53, 57-73.
100. Reiger, Kerreen (2001). Our babies, our bodies: The forgotten women's movement. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
101. Schmied, Virginia, & Lupton, Deborah (2001). The externality of the inside: Body images of pregnancy. Nursing Inquiry, 8(1), 32-40.
102. Scott-Dixon, Krista (2008). Big girls don't cry: Fitness, fatness and the production of feminist knowledge. Sociology of Sport Journal, 25(1), 22-47.
103. Shilling, Chris (2005). The body in culture, technology and society. London: Sage.
104. Simons, Jane (2003). Powering through pregnancy. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
105. Skouteris, Helen, Carr, Roxanne, Wertheim, Eleanor H., Paxton, Susan J., & Duncombe, Dianne (2005). A prospective study of factors that lead to body dissatisfaction during pregnancy. Body Image, 2(4), 347-361.
106. Smart, Judith (2001). Feminists, flappers and Miss Australia: Contesting the meanings of citizenship, femininity and nation in the 1920s. Journal of Australian Studies, 25(71), 1-15.
107. Smith, Dorothy (1990). Texts, facts and femininity: Exploring the relations of ruling. New York: Routledge.
108. Snyder, Susan, & Pendergraph, Bernadette (2004, March 1). Exercise during pregnancy: What do we really know?American Family Physician, 69(5), 1053-1056. Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/0301/p1053.html
109. Sport Medicine Australia (2000). Women in sport, fact sheet number 2: Exercise in pregnancy. Retrieved from. http://fulltext.ausport.gov.au/fulltext/2000/sma/ExerciseinPregnancy.asp
110. Squire, Caroline (2003). The social context of birth. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing.
111. Stivens, Maila (1998). Sex, gender, and the making of the new Malay middle classes. In Krishna Sen, & Maila Stivens (Eds.), Gender and power in affluent Asia (pp. 87-126). London: Routledge.
112. Strenuous exercise can raise risk of miscarriage (2007, September 27). New Scientist. Retrieved from. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19526234.700-strenuous-exercise-can-raise-risk-of-miscarriage.html
113. Summers, Ann (2003). The end of equality: Work, babies and women's choices in 21st century Australia. Milsons Point: Random House.
114. Symons Downs, Danielle, & Hausenblas, Heather A. (2003). Exercising for two: Examining pregnant women's second trimester exercise intention and behavior using the framework of the theory of planned behaviour. Women's Health Issues, 13(6), 222-228.
115. Turner, Graeme (2004). Understanding celebrity. London: Sage. ]
116. Turner, Graeme, Bonner, Frances, & Marshall, P. David (2000). Fame games: The production of celebrity in Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
117. United Press International (1985, March 25). Running while pregnant. Philadelphia Inquirer, F07.
118. Ussher, Jane M. (2006). Managing the monstrous feminine: Regulating the reproductive body. London: Routledge.
119. Vogel, Lise (1990). Debating difference: Feminism, pregnancy, and the workplace. Feminist Studies, 16(1), 9-32.
120. Walden, Celia (2009, February 15). Slim margins, full figures.The Age Retrieved from http://www.theage.com.au/news/entertainment/people/slim-margins-full-figures/2009/02/14/1234028346549.html
121. Wallace, Arlene M., & Engstrom, Janet L. (1987). The effects of aerobic exercise on the pregnant woman, foetus and pregnancy outcome: A review. Journal of Nurse-Midwifery, 32(5), 277-290.
122. Watson, Patricia E., & McDonald, Barry W. (2007). Activity levels in pregnant New Zealand women: Relationship with socioeconomic factors, well-being, anthropometric measures, and birth outcome. Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 32(4), 733-742.
123. Weider Publications (2007, December/January). [Cover image] Fit pregnancy. Boca Raton: American Media Inc.
124. Wen, Li. Ming, Thomas, Margaret, Jones, Helen, Orr, Neil, Moreton, Renee, King, Lesley, et al. (2002). Promoting physical activity in women: Evaluation of a 2-year community based intervention in Sydney, Australia. Health Promotion International, 17(2), 127-137.
125. Willis, Susan (1990). Work(ing) out. Cultural Studies, 4(1), 1-18.
126. Young, Iris Marion (1987). Impartiality and the civic public: Some implications of feminist critiques of moral and political theory. In Seyla Benhabib, & Drucilla Cornell (Eds.), Feminism as critique (pp. 56-76). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
127. Young, Iris Marion (1990). Throwing like a girl and other essays in feminist philosophy and social theory. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.