Dynamic-mechanical behavior of polyethylenes and ethene/α-olefin-copolymers: Part II. α- and β-relaxation

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 954-963

  Stadler, Florian J ^a,b  

^a Chonbuk National University   (South Korea)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Relaxation; Relaxation; Activation Energy; Dynamic mechanical Properties; Ethene olefin copolymer; Polyethylene

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952572939     PISSN: 02561115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0411-4     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. S. Bensason, S. Nazarenko, S. Chum, A. Hiltner and E. Baer, Polymer, 38, 3513 (1997).
2. G. Hartwig, Polymer Properties at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures, New Yorkm Plenum Press (1994).
3. K. H. Nitta and A. Tanaka, Polymer, 42, 1219 (2001).
4. R. H. Boyd, Polymer, 26, 1123 (1985).
5. R. H. Boyd, Polymer, 26, 323 (1985).
6. R. Popli, M. Glotin and L. Mandelkern, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 407 (1983).
7. F. J. Stadler, J. Kaschta and H. Münstedt, Polymer, 46, 10311, DOI: 10. 1016/j. polymer. 2005. 07. 099 (2005).
8. J. Liu, F. Zhang, F. Xie, B. Du, Q. Fu and T. He, Polymer, 42, 5449 (2001).
9. F. J. Stadler, T. Takahashi and K. Yonetake, e-Polymers, 40, (2009).
10. F. J. Stadler, T. Takahashi and K. Yonetake, e-Polymers, 41, (2009).
11. R. O. Sirotkin and N. W. Brooks, Polymer, 42, 9801 (2001).
12. R. G. Matthews, A. P. Unwin, I. M. Ward and G. Capaccio, Journal of Macromolecular Science-Physics, B38, 1-2, 123-143 (1999).
13. L. Mandelkern, The crystalline state, 2nd Ed., Chap. 4. Washington DC, ACS (1993).
14. F. J. Stadler and H. Münstedt, J. Rheology, 52, 697, DOI: 10. 1122/1. 2892039 (2008).
15. F. J. Stadler, C. Piel, J. Kaschta, S. Rulhoff, W. Kaminsky and H. Münstedt, Rheologica Acta, 45, 755, DOI: 10. 1007/s00397-005-0042-6 (2006).
16. F. J. Stadler, C. Piel, W. Kaminsky and H. Münstedt, Macromolecular Symposia, 236, 209, DOI: 10. 1002/masy. 200650426 (2006).
17. C. Gabriel and H. Münstedt, Rheologica Acta, 41, 232-244 (2002).
18. C. Piel, F. J. Stadler, J. Kaschta, S. Rulhoff, H. Münstedt and W. Kaminsky, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 207, 26, DOI: 10. 1002/macp. 200500321 (2006).
19. F. J. Stadler, C. Piel, K. Klimke, J. Kaschta, M. Parkinson, M. Wilhelm, W. Kaminsky and H. Münstedt, Macromolecules, 39, 1474, DOI: 10. 1021/ma0514018 (2006).
20. W. W. Graessley and J. Roovers, Macromolecules, 12, 959 (1979).
21. J. Roovers and W. W. Graessley, Macromolecules, 14, 766 (1981).
22. R. Godehardt, S. Rudolph, W. Lebek, S. Goerlitz, R. Adhikari, E. Allert, J. Giesemann and G. H. Michler, J. Macromol. Sci. Phys., B38, 5-6, 817-835 (1999).
23. R. Adhikari, R. Godehardt, W. Lebek, S. Frangov, G. H. Michler, H. Radusch and F. J. B. Calleja, Polym. Adv. Technol., 16, 2-3, 156-166 (2005).
24. G. Rojas, E. B. Berda and K. B. Wagener, Polymer, 49, 13-14, 2985-2995, DOI 10. 1016/j. polymer. 2008. 03. 029 (2008).
25. S. Głowinkowski, M. Makrocka-Rydzyk, S. Wanke and S. Jurga, European Polym. J., 38, 961 (2002).
26. D. Mäder, J. Heinemann, P. Walter and R. Mülhaupt, Macromolecules, 33, 1254 (2000).
27. P. Starck and B. Löfgren, European Polym. J., 38, 97 (2002).
28. J. J. Dechter, D. E. Axelson, A. Dekmezian, M. Glotin and L. Mandelkern, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 20, 641 (1982).
29. The interfacial regime is believed to be a rather thin layer on the border between the crystal lamellae and the amorphous regime.
30. J. A. Resch, F. J. Stadler, J. Kaschta and H. Münstedt, Macromolecules, 42, 5676, DOI: 10. 1021/ma9008719 (2009).
31. U. Kener, H. Münstedt, J. Kaschta, F. J. Stadler, C. S. Le Duff and X. Drooghaag, Macromolecules, In press, DOI: 10. 1021/ma100705f (2010).
32. X. Chen, F. J. Stadler, H. Münstedt and R. G. Larson, Journal of Rheology, 54, 393, DOI: 10. 1122/1. 3305721 (2010).
33. F. J. Stadler, J. Kaschta and H. Münstedt, Macromolecules, 41, 1328, DOI: 10. 1021/ma702367a (2008).
34. F. J. Stadler, A. Nishioka, J. Stange, K. Koyama and H. Münstedt, Rheologica Acta, 46, 1003, DOI: 10. 1007/s00397-007-0190-y (2007).
35. F. J. Stadler, C. Gabriel and H. Münstedt, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 208, 2449, DOI: 10. 1002/macp. 200700267 (2007).
36. In other words, the material behaves thermorheologically complex, as several processes with different activation energies overlap each other. Thus, no master curve can be constructed, but instead a discussion about the relaxation time dependent activation energy would have to be conducted [30, 33]. However, this complicated method does not have to be conducted, as E″ is a clearly separable peak, whose activation energy can, therefore, be determined with relative ease from the peak temperature.
37. Determined as the difference quotient.
38. C. Piel, P. Starck, J. V. Seppälä and W. Kaminsky, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 44, 1600 (2006).
39. This value was adopted, as it is approximately the mean of the crystallinity of the neighboring samples.
40. C. Piel, Polymerizations of Ethene and Ethene-co-alpha-Olefin: Investigations on Short- and Long-Chain Branching and Structure Property Relationships. Department of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Vol. Ph. D. Hamburg: University of Hamburg (2005).
41. C. Piel, K. Scharlach and W. Kaminsky, Macromolecular Symposia, 226, 25 (2005).