-
2
-
-
84896548724
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From colonists to emigrants: Explaining the 'return-migration' of ethnic Germans from central and eastern Europe
-
in David Rock and Stefan Wolff, eds, Oxford: Berghahn
-
and Stefan Wolff, "From Colonists to Emigrants: Explaining the 'Return-Migration' of Ethnic Germans from Central and Eastern Europe," in David Rock and Stefan Wolff, eds., Coming Home to Germany? The Integration of Ethnic Germans from Central and Eastern Europe in the Federal Republic (Oxford: Berghahn, 2002), 4.
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(2002)
Coming Home to Germany? the Integration of Ethnic Germans From Central and Eastern Europe in the Federal Republic
, pp. 4
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-
Wolff, S.1
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4
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79952569497
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These include, for example, the, On ethnic German minorities in general
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These include, for example, the Bessarabiendeutsche. On ethnic German minorities in general
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Bessarabiendeutsche
-
-
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7
-
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85084287558
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Romanian society in the early middle ages (9th-14th Century)
-
See for instance, in Ioan-Aurel Pop and Ioan Bolovan, eds, Cluj-Napoca: The Romanian Culture Institute
-
See for instance Tudor Sǎlǎgean, "Romanian Society in the Early Middle Ages (9th-14th Century)," in Ioan-Aurel Pop and Ioan Bolovan, eds., History of Romania Compendium (Cluj-Napoca: The Romanian Culture Institute, 2006), 162-165.
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History of Romania Compendium
, pp. 162-165
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Sǎlǎgean, T.1
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8
-
-
79952570842
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-
Note
-
The settlement area was declared as a Königsboden (fundus regius) or "Royal Lands," which gave the Saxons a high level of autonomy. Furthermore, the so-called Andreanum of 1224 was one of the first constitutions in Europe, which set the Saxons apart from other groups very early on.
-
-
-
-
9
-
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79952545152
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Die deutsche Südostsiedlung im Mittelalter
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See, in Günther Schödl, ed, Berlin: Siedler Verlag
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See Harald Zimmermann, "Die deutsche Südostsiedlung im Mittelalter," in Günther Schödl, ed., Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas: Land an der Donau (Berlin: Siedler Verlag, 1995), 41.
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Deutsche Geschichte Im Osten Europas: Land An Der Donau
, pp. 41
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Zimmermann, H.1
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12
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-
79952545340
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Die 'Geistliche Universität' der siebenbürgisch-sächsischen Kirchengemeinden im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert
-
in Volker Keppin and Ulrich A. Wien, eds, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag
-
Konrad Gündisch, "Die 'Geistliche Universität' der siebenbürgisch-sächsischen Kirchengemeinden im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert," in Volker Keppin and Ulrich A. Wien, eds., Konfessionsbildung und Konfessionskultur in Siebenb ürgen in der Fr ühen Neuzeit (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2005), 105-114
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Konfessionsbildung Und Konfessionskultur in Siebenb Ürgen In Der Fr Ühen Neuzeit
, pp. 105-114
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Gündisch, K.1
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13
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79952567227
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Die Reformation in Siebenbürgen
-
and Gustav Binder, "Die Reformation in Siebenbürgen," Siebenbürgische Semesterblätter 1(1): 37-55 (1987).
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(1987)
Siebenbürgische Semesterblätter
, vol.1
, Issue.1
, pp. 37-55
-
-
Binder, G.1
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15
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79952570471
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Note
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The official setup was as follows: The aristocracy (the Hungarians), the Szekler (administration), and the Saxons (economic and financial sectors) were classified as three equal groups, while the Romanians remained serfs and unrecognized as a group.
-
-
-
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18
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79952540666
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Minderheitenprobleme und interethnische Konflikte in Siebenbürgen nach 1867
-
This included the standardization of language in education. See
-
This included the standardization of language in education. See Anton Sterbling, "Minderheitenprobleme und interethnische Konflikte in Siebenbürgen nach 1867," Siebenbürgische Semesterblätter 10(2): 109-124 (1996).
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(1996)
Siebenbürgische Semesterblätter
, vol.10
, Issue.2
, pp. 109-124
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Sterbling, A.1
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24
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79952553544
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Sportpolitische Impulse aus dem 'Dritten Reich' und der Strandbadbau in Siebenbürgen 1936-1939
-
See also, in Marina Hausleitner and Harald Roth, eds, Munich: IKGS Verlag
-
See also, Thomas Şindilariu, "Sportpolitische Impulse aus dem 'Dritten Reich' und der Strandbadbau in Siebenbürgen 1936-1939," in Marina Hausleitner and Harald Roth, eds., Der Einfluss von Faschismus und Nationalsozialismus auf Minderheiten in Ostmittel-und Südosteuropa (Munich: IKGS Verlag, 2006), 163-182.
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(2006)
Der Einfluss Von Faschismus Und Nationalsozialismus Auf Minderheiten in Ostmittel- Und Südosteuropa
, pp. 163-182
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Şindilariu, T.1
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27
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79952544806
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'Volksdeutsche' in der Waffen-SS
-
Paul Georgescu, "'Volksdeutsche' in der Waffen-SS," Südostdeutsche Vierteljahreshefte 53(2): 117-123 (2004).
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(2004)
Südostdeutsche Vierteljahreshefte
, vol.53
, Issue.2
, pp. 117-123
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-
Georgescu, P.1
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29
-
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79952554604
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-
For an excellent study of the deportation of Transylvanian Saxons, see, Georg Weber et al., eds, II, and III, Cologne: Böhlau
-
For an excellent study of the deportation of Transylvanian Saxons, see Georg Weber et al., eds., Die Deportation der Siebenbürger Sachsen in die Sowjetunion 1945-1949, vol. I, II, and III (Cologne: Böhlau, 1995).
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(1995)
Die Deportation Der Siebenbürger Sachsen in Die Sowjetunion 1945-1949
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30
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79952546621
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Zwei aufschlussreiche Zeitungsurteile über die Behandlung der Siebenbürger Sachsen im Jahre 1946
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Michael Kroner, "Zwei aufschlussreiche Zeitungsurteile über die Behandlung der Siebenbürger Sachsen im Jahre 1946," Südostdeutsche Vierteljahreshefte 53(1): 31-36 (2004).
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Südostdeutsche Vierteljahreshefte
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, Issue.1
, pp. 31-36
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Kroner, M.1
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79952562140
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Note
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The last wave of internal deportations occurred in 1951, as Banater Schwaben and other groups near the Yugoslav border were deported to the Bǎrǎgan Plain for up to five years.
-
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33
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79952565655
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Arbeitslager für die deutsche Bevölkerung im Innern Rumäniens nach 1945
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and Hannelore Baier, "Arbeitslager für die deutsche Bevölkerung im Innern Rumäniens nach 1945," Südostdeutsche Vierteljahreshefte 54(4): 379-387 (2005).
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(2005)
Südostdeutsche Vierteljahreshefte
, vol.54
, Issue.4
, pp. 379-387
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Baier, H.1
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79952569496
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The politics of homeland: Irredentism and recognition in the policies of German federal governments and expellee organizations toward ethnic german minorities in central and Eastern Europe, 1949-1999
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in Kirsta O'Donnell, Renate Bridenthal, and Nancy Reagin, eds, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press
-
Stefan Wolff, "The Politics of Homeland: Irredentism and Recognition in the Policies of German Federal Governments and Expellee Organizations toward Ethnic German Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe, 1949-1999," in Kirsta O'Donnell, Renate Bridenthal, and Nancy Reagin, eds., The Heimat Abroad: The Boundaries of Germanness (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2005), 287-313.
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The Heimat Abroad: The Boundaries of Germanness
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Wolff, S.1
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79952547019
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Die Aussiedlung der Deutschen aus Rumänien in die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und andere Migrationsvorgänge in und aus Südosteuropa
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in Edda Currle and Tanja Wunderlich, eds, Stuttgart: Lucius,
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and Anton Sterbling, "Die Aussiedlung der Deutschen aus Rumänien in die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und andere Migrationsvorgänge in und aus Südosteuropa," in Edda Currle and Tanja Wunderlich, eds., Deutschland-ein Einwanderungsland? Rückblick, Bilanz und neue Fragen (Stuttgart: Lucius, 2001), 206, 207.
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(2001)
Deutschland-ein Einwanderungsland? Rückblick, Bilanz Und Neue Fragen
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Sterbling, A.1
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79952547541
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Dazugehörende Fremde? Besonderheiten der Integration der Rumäniendeutschen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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in Christoph Köck, Alois Moosmüller, and Klaus Roth, eds, Münster: Waxmann Verlag
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Anton Sterbling, "Dazugehörende Fremde? Besonderheiten der Integration der Rumäniendeutschen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland," in Christoph Köck, Alois Moosmüller, and Klaus Roth, eds., Zuwanderung und Integration: Kulturwissenschaftliche Zugänge und soziale Praxis (Münster: Waxmann Verlag, 2004), 109-124.
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, pp. 109-124
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Sterbling, A.1
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79952540484
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Note
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In line with the Cold War's alliance system, victim status was not granted to those suffering at the hands of socialist neighbors and particularly the Soviet Union. Accordingly, refugees and expellees were called Umsiedler, that is, "resettlers" rather than refugees or expellees.
-
-
-
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39
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79952541647
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Note
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For an insightful study that traces the relationship between the expellees and their organizations and the West German government within the wider context of its relations with Eastern Europe
-
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42
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79952560796
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Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, accessed 2 May
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Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany. http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statues/GG.html (accessed 2 May 2009).
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44
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Marc Morjé Howard, "The Causes and Consequences of Germany's New Citizenship Law," German Politics 17(1): 42 (2008).
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Howard, M.M.1
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Herausforderungen und Perspektiven zukünftigen Aussiedler-und Minderheitenpolitik
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in Christoph Bergner and Matthias Weber, eds, Munich: Oldenbourg
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Christoph Bergner, "Herausforderungen und Perspektiven zukünftigen Aussiedler-und Minderheitenpolitik," in Christoph Bergner and Matthias Weber, eds., Aussiedler-und Minderheitenpolitik in Deutschland: Bilanz und Perspektiven (Munich: Oldenbourg, 2009), 237-260, 251-252.
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Aussiedler- Und Minderheitenpolitik in Deutschland: Bilanz Und Perspektiven
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Bergner, C.1
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48
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79952554082
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Note
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This is Rogers Brubaker's concept of a triangular relationship between a minority, its "actual homeland" (in this case Romania), and its "external homeland" (in this case the FRG).
-
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50
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84920375655
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See Christian Härtel and Petra Karbus, eds, Berlin: Christian Links Verlag
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See Christian Härtel and Petra Karbus, eds., Das Westpaket (Berlin: Christian Links Verlag, 2000).
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Das Westpaket
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79952570659
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Die Deutschen in Rumänien: Exodus oder Neuanfang?
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in Hans Rothe, ed, Cologne: Böhlau
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Anneli Ute Gabanyi, "Die Deutschen in Rumänien: Exodus oder Neuanfang?" in Hans Rothe, ed., Die Siebenbürger Sachsen in Geschichte und Gegenwart (Cologne: Böhlau, 1994), 89-104.
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Die Siebenbürger Sachsen in Geschichte Und Gegenwart
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Gabanyi, A.U.1
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79952565971
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Interview with Johann Simon (pseudonym), Sibiu, Romania, 24 Feb
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Interview with Johann Simon (pseudonym), Sibiu, Romania, 24 Feb. 2005.
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(2005)
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54
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79952542141
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Note
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See, for instance, Annemarie Weber, Rumäniendeutsche? Diskurse zur Gruppenidentität einer Minderheit (1944-1971) (Cologne: Böhlau, 2010) in which the author charts the development of Germanlanguage newspapers in Romania during the Cold War period and thereby draws out the mythical images of an imagined historic Germany.
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Rumäniendeutsche? Diskurse Zur Gruppenidentität Einer Minderheit (1944-1971)
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Weber, A.1
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56
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79952550983
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Note
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This is based on research for a doctoral thesis. Forty-one out of 79 interviewees were émigrés living in Germany. Almost uniformly the respondents presented their imagined Germany prior to emigration precisely in notions of a historic Germany-a Kulturnation-which is also reflected in contemporary sources of the Cold War period-be it in publications or correspondence.
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58
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79952551791
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Vom Vielvölkerstaat zum Nationalstaat-Migration aus und nach Rumänien im 20. Jahrhundert
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in Heinz Fassmann and Rainer Münz, eds, Frankfurt/Main: Campus Verlag
-
Rainer Ohliger, "Vom Vielvölkerstaat zum Nationalstaat-Migration aus und nach Rumänien im 20. Jahrhundert," in Heinz Fassmann and Rainer Münz, eds., Migration in Europa: Historische Entwicklung, aktuelle Trends und politische Reaktionen (Frankfurt/Main: Campus Verlag, 1996), 287-296.
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Ohliger, R.1
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accessed 17 April
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Rainer Münz and Rainer Ohliger, "Deutsche Minderheiten in Ostmittel-und Osteuropa, Aussiedler in Deutschland: Eine Analyse ethnisch priviligierter Migration," Demographie Aktuell: Vorträge, Aufsätze, Forschungsberichte 9:7-11 (1998). http://www.demographie.de/demographieaktuell/da9.pdf (accessed 17 April 2010).
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Demographie Aktuell: Vorträge, Aufsätze, Forschungsberichte
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Münz, R.1
Ohliger, R.2
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79952568418
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Die Vertreibung aus der Heimat
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See, B 1 51
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Siebenb Ürgen Institut
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79952564958
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See, for instance, Andreas Möckel, ed, Munich: Südostdeutsches Kulturwerk
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See, for instance, Andreas Möckel, ed., Gerhard Möckel: Fatum oder Datum? Aufsätze und Briefe (Munich: Südostdeutsches Kulturwerk).
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Gerhard Möckel: Fatum Oder Datum? Aufsätze Und Briefe
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62
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The culture of shortage during state-socialism: Consumption practices in a Romanian village in the 1980s
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See, for instance
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See, for instance, Liviu Chelcea, "The Culture of Shortage during State-Socialism: Consumption Practices in a Romanian Village in the 1980s," Cultural Studies 16(1): 16-43 (2002).
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Cultural Studies
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Chelcea, L.1
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36048990042
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For a detailed discussion of the changes, see, in David Rock and Stefan Wolff, eds, Oxford: Berghan
-
For a detailed discussion of the changes, see Amanda Klekowski von Kloppenfels, "The Decline of Privilege: The Legal Background to the Migration of Ethnic Germans," in David Rock and Stefan Wolff, eds., Coming Home to Germany? The Integration of Ethnic Germans from Central and Eastern Europe in the Federal Republic (Oxford: Berghan, 2002), 102-118.
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Coming Home to Germany? the Integration of Ethnic Germans From Central and Eastern Europe in the Federal Republic
, pp. 102-118
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von Klekowski, A.K.1
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79952554261
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Petition
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Note
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The full petition can be viewed in German at "Petition," ResRo, http://www.resro.eu/dokumente/petition.pdf (accessed 14 April 2010) or in Romanian at "Petiţie," ResRo, http://www.resro.eu/dokumente/petitie.pdf (accessed 14 April 2010).
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ResRo
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72
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79952539439
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Note
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See, for instance, SiebenbürgeR.de [sic], the Web site of the main Saxon émigré newspaper, which hosts dynamic online discussions, http://www.siebenbuerger.de/forum/ (accessed 17 April 2010).
-
(2010)
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73
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79952545956
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For details, see, accessed 17 April
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For details, see http://www.siebenbuerger.de/benutzer/benutzer.php (accessed 17 April 2010).
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(2010)
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74
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79952544991
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This is referring to the European Capital of Culture in
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This is referring to the European Capital of Culture in 2007
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(2007)
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75
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79952543030
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-
for details see, accessed 17 April
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for details see Sibiu 2007, http://www.sibiu2007.ro/ (accessed 17 April 2010).
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Sibiu 2007
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77
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79952557562
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Peter Maffay will Kirchenburg kaufen
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See, 24 March, accessed 17 April 2010
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See "Peter Maffay will Kirchenburg kaufen," Siebenbürgische Zeitung, 24 March 2008, http://www.siebenbuerger.de/zeitung/artikel/interviews/7588-peter-maffay-will-kirchenburg-kaufen.html (accessed 17 April 2010).
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(2008)
Siebenbürgische Zeitung
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78
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0003843856
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Note
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See, for instance, Brian Graham, G. J. Ashworth, and J. E. Tunbridge, A Geography of Heritage: Power, Culture, and Economy (London: Arnold, 2000) for a good overview and discussion of cultural heritage and its relation to identity-national or otherwise.
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(2000)
A Geography of Heritage: Power, Culture, and Economy
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Graham, B.1
Ashworth, G.J.2
Tunbridge, J.E.3
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79
-
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79952560442
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-
Note
-
The main publication for Transylvanian Saxons, Siebenbürgische Zeitung, reflects this trend in the articles it publishes on the aforementioned individuals. Since the subscription rates are relatively high (26,000 in 2004) and the number of hits on its Web site even higher (3,600 a day in 2005), the influence this has on raising awareness of developments in Transylvania is quite high.
-
-
-
-
80
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79952560441
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-
Note
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That said, the physical makeup of Saxon Transylvania with its fortified churches and Saxon villages conjures up in itself notions of a "Golden Age."
-
-
-
-
84
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71549125211
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-
For an early example of this process of reimagining, see, Munich: Verlag Südostdeutsches Kulturwerk
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For an early example of this process of reimagining, see Gustav Zickeli, Bistritz Zwischen 1880 und 1950: Erinnerungen (Munich: Verlag Südostdeutsches Kulturwerk, 1989).
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(1989)
Bistritz Zwischen 1880 Und 1950: Erinnerungen
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Zickeli, G.1
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85
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79952558899
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See, Nationalism Reframed
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See Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed.
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Brubaker1
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Die Not der Landsleute in Siebenbürgen halt an
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See, for instance, 23 Oct, accessed 17 April 2010
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See, for instance, Peter Pastior, "Die Not der Landsleute in Siebenbürgen halt an," Siebenbürgische Zeitung Online, 23 Oct. 2007. http://www.siebenbuerger.de/zeitung/artikel/drucken/index.php?id=7115 (accessed 17 April 2010).
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(2007)
Siebenbürgische Zeitung Online
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Pastior, P.1
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88
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79952544263
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See, accessed 17 April
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See "Kemper zum Heimattag der Siebenbürger Sachsen," http://www.bmi.bund.de/nn898278/Internet/Content/Nachrichten/Archiv/Reden/2005/05/BAKemperHeimattag.html (accessed 17 April 2010).
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(2010)
Kemper Zum Heimattag Der Siebenbürger Sachsen
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