Autism and ADHD: How far have we come in the comorbidity debate?

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Volumn 35, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1081-1088

  Gargaro, Belinda A ^a   Rinehart, Nicole J ^a   Bradshaw, John L ^a   Tonge, Bruce J ^a   Sheppard, Dianne M ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

ADHD; Autism; Comorbidity; Developmental disorders; Diagnosis

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; ATOMOXETINE; METHYLPHENIDATE;

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; AUTISM; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMORBIDITY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY; REVIEW; SLEEP DISORDER; THEORETICAL MODEL;

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; AUTISTIC DISORDER; BRAIN; COMORBIDITY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS;

EID: 79952535559     PISSN: 01497634     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.002     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Aman M.G., Langworthy K.S. Pharmacotherapy for hyperactivity in children with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2000, 30:451-459.
2. Aman M.G., Farmer C.A., Hollway J., Arnold L.E., Aman M.G., Farmer C.A., et al. Treatment of inattention, overactivity, and impulsiveness in autism spectrum disorders. [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review]. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am. 2008, 17(4):713-738.
3. Aman M.G., Van Bourgondien M.E., Wolford P.L., Sarphare G. Psychotropic and anticonvulsant drugs in subjects with autism: prevalence and patterns of use. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 1995, 34:1672-1681.
4. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000, APA, Washington, DC. Fourth edition, Text Revision.
5. Barkley R.A. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol. Bull. 1997, 121:65-94.
6. Barkley R.A. The executive functions and self-regulation: an evolutionary neuropsychological perspective. Neuropsychol. Rev. 2001, 11:1-29.
7. Barkley R.A., DuPaul G.J., McMurray M.B. Comprehensive evaluation of attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity as defined by research criteria. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1990, 58:775-789.
8. Batty M.J., Liddle E.B., Pitiot A., Toro R., Groom M.J., Scerif G., Liotti M., Liddle P.F., Paus T., Hollis C. Cortical gray matter in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a structural magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2010, 49:229-238.
9. Bennetto L., Pennington B.F., Rogers S.J. Intact and impaired memory functions in autism. Child Dev. 1996, 67:1816-1835.
10. Boddaert N., Zilbovicius M. Functional neuroimaging and childhood autism. Pediatr. Radiol. 2002, 32:1-7.
11. Boliek C.A., Obrzut J.E. Neuropsychological aspects of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Handbook of Clinical Child Neuropsychology 1997, 619-633. Plenum Press, New York, NY. 2nd ed. C.R. Reynolds, E. Fletcher-Janzen (Eds.).
12. Booth R., Charlton R., Hughes C., Happe F., Booth R., Charlton R., Hughes C., Happe F. Disentangling weak coherence and executive dysfunction: planning drawing in autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci. 2003, 358:387-392.
13. Bradshaw J.L. Developmental disorders of the frontostriatal system: neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric and evolutionary perspectives 2001, Psychology Press, East Susex.
14. Bramham J., Ambery F., Young S., Morris R., Russell A., Xenitidis K., Asherson P., Murphy D., Bramham J., Ambery F., Young S., Morris R., Russell A., Xenitidis K., Asherson P., Murphy D. Executive functioning differences between adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder in initiation, planning and strategy formation. Autism 2009, 13:245-264.
15. Brian J.A., Tipper S., Weaver B., Bryson S. Inhibitory mechanisms in autism spectrum disorders: typical selective inhibition of location versus facilitated perceptual processing. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2003, 44:552-560.
16. Brieber S., Neufang S., Bruning N., Kamp-Becker I., Remschmidt H., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Fink G.R., Konrad K., Brieber S., Neufang S., Bruning N., Kamp-Becker I., Remschmidt H., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Fink G.R., Konrad K. Structural brain abnormalities in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2007, 48:1251-1258.
17. Bristol-Power M.M., Spinella G. Research on screening and diagnosis in autism: a work in progress. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 1999, 29:435-438.
18. Brown R.T., Amler R.W., Freeman W.S., Perrin J.M., Stein M.T., Feldman H.M., Pierce K., Wolraich M.L. Subcommitte on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: overview of the evidence. Pediatrics 2005, 115(6). the Committee on Quality Improvement.
19. Bush G., Valera E.M., Seidman L.J. Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and suggested future directions. Biol. Psychiatry 2005, 57:1273-1284.
20. Castellanos F.X., Giedd J.N., Marsh W.L., Hamburger S.D., Vaituzis A.C., Dickstein D.P., Sarfatti S.E., Vauss Y.C., Snell J.W., Lange N., Kaysen D., Krain A.L., Ritchie G.F., Rajapakse J.C., Rapoport J.L. Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1996, 53:607-616.
21. CDC, 2009. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders-Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, United States, 2006. Surveill. Summ., December 18, 2009. MMWR 58(SS-10) 1-20.
22. Corbett B.A., Constantine L.J., Hendren R., Rocke D., Ozonoff S. Examining executive functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and typical development. Psychiatry Res. 2009, 166:210-222.
23. Courchesne E., Townsend J., Akshoomoff N.A., Saitoh O., Yeung-Courchesne R., Lincoln A.J., James H.E., Haas R.H., Schreibman L., Lau L. Impairment in shifting attention in autistic and cerebellar patients. Behav. Neurosci. 1994, 108:848-865.
24. Daughton J.M., Kratochvil C.J. Review of ADHD pharmacotherapies: advantages, disadvantages, and clinical pearls. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2009, 48(3):240-248.
25. Eskes G.A., Bryson S.E., McCormick T.A. Comprehension of concrete and abstract words in autistic children. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 1990, 20:61-73.
26. Faraone S.V., Perlis R.H., Doyle A.E., Smoller J.W., Goralnick J.J., Holmgren M.A., Sklar P. Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 2005, 57.
27. Filipek P.A. Neuroimaging in the developmental disorders: the state of the science. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 1999, 40:113-128.
28. Frith C. What do imaging studies tell us about the neural basis of autism?. Novartis Found. Symp. 2003, 251:149-166. (discussion 166-176).
29. Gepner B., Feron F. Autism: a world changing too fast for a mis-wired brain?. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2009, 33(8):1227-1242.
30. Geurts H.M., Verte S., Oosterlaan J., Roeyers H., Sergeant J.A. How specific are executive functioning deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism?. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2004, 45:836-854.
31. Gillberg C., Billstedt E. Autism and asperger syndrome: coexistence with other clinical disorders. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2000, 102:321-330.
32. Goldstein S., Schwebach A.J., Goldstein S., Schwebach A.J. The comorbidity of pervasive developmental disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of a retrospective chart review. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2004, 34:329-339.
33. Guttmann-Steinmetz S., Gadow K.D., DeVincent C.J. Oppostional defiant and conduct disorder in boys with autism spectrum disorder with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder versus several comparison samples. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2009, 39:976-985.
34. Handen B.L., Johnson C.R., Lubetsky M. Efficacy of methylphenidate among children with autism and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2000, 30:245-255.
35. Happe F., Booth R., Charlton R., Hughes C., Happe F., Booth R., Charlton R., Hughes C. Executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: examining profiles across domains and ages. Brain Cogn. 2006, 61:25-39.
36. Harris S.L., Hanndelman J.S. Age and IQ at intake as predictors of placement for young children with autism: a four to six-year follow up. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2000, 30:137-142.
37. Hazell P. Drug therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like symptoms in autistic disorder. J. Paediatr. Child Health 2007, 43:19-24.
38. Hill D.E., Yeo R.A., Campbell R.A., Hart B., Vigil J., Brooks W. Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Neuropsychology 2003, 17:496-506.
39. Holtmann M., Bolte S., Poustka F. Letters to the editor: ADHD, aspergers syndrome, and high-functioning autism. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2005, 44:1101.
40. Holtmann M, Bolte S., Poustka F. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in pervasive developmental disorders: association with autistic behavior domains and coexisting psychopathology. Psychopathology 2007, 40:172-177.
41. Howlin P. Can early intervention alter the course of autism?. Autism: Neural Basis and Treatment Possibilities 2003, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK. G. Bock, J. Goode (Eds.).
42. Howlin P., Magiati I., Charman T. Systematic review of early intensive behavioural interventions for children with autism. Am. J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil. 2009, 114:23-41.
43. Hrdlicka M. Structural neuroimaging in autism. Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 2008, 29:281-286.
44. Hughes C., Russel J., Robbins T.W. Evidence for executive dysfunction in autism. Neuropsychologia 1994, 32.
45. Johnson K.A., Robertson I.H., Kelly S.P., Silk T.J., Barry E., Daibhis A., Watchorn A., Keavey M., Fitzgerald M., Gallagher L., Gill M., Bellgrove M.A., Johnson K.A., Robertson I.H., Kelly S.P., Silk T.J., Barry E., Daibhis A., Watchorn A., Keavey M., Fitzgerald M., Gallagher L., Gill M., Bellgrove M.A. Dissociation in performance of children with ADHD and high-functioning autism on a task of sustained attention. Neuropsychologia 2007, 45:2234-2245.
46. Kadesjo B., Gillberg C. The comorbidity of ADHD in the general population of Swedish school-age children. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2001, 42:487-492.
47. Kasari C., Lawton K. New directions in behavioral treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2010, 23(2):137-143.
48. Keen D., Ward S. Autistic spectrum disorder: a child population profile. Autism 2004, 8:39-48.
49. King B.H., Bostic J.Q. An update on pharmacological treatments for autism spectrum disorders. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am. 2006, 15:161-175.
50. Konrad K., Eickhoff S.B. Is the ADHD brain wired differently? A review on structural and functional connectivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2010, 31:904-916.
51. Lee D.O., Ousley O.Y. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in a clinic sample of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. 2006, 16:737-746.
52. Leyfer O.T., Folstein S.E., Bacalman S., Davis N.O., Dinh E., Morgan J., Tager-Flusberg H., Lainhart J.E. Comorbid psychiatric disorders in children with autism: interview development and rates of disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2006, 36:849-861.
53. Lou H.C., Henriksen L., Bruhn P., Borner H., Nielson J.B. Striatal dysfunction in attention deficit and hyperkinetic disorder. Arch. Neurol. 1989, 46.
54. Lovaas O.I. The UCLA young autism model of service delivery. Behavioral Intervention for Young Children with Autism 1996, 241-250. Pro-Ed, Australia. C.E. Maurice (Ed.).
55. Luna B., Doll S.K., Hegedus S.J., Minshew N.J., Sweeney J.A. Maturation of executive function in autism. Biol. Psychiatry 2007, 61:474-481.
56. Mahone E.M., Powell S.K., Loftis C.W., Goldberg M.C., Denckla M.B., Mostofsky S.H., Mahone E.M., Powell S.K., Loftis C.W., Goldberg M.C., Denckla M.B., Mostofsky S.H. Motor persistence and inhibition in autism and ADHD. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 2006, 12:622-631.
57. Manly T., Anderson V., Nimmo-Smith I., Turner A., Watson P., Robertson I.H. The differential assessment of children's attention: the test of everyday attention for children (TEA-Ch), normative sample and ADHD performance. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2001, 42:1065-1081.
58. Meijer W.M, Faber A., van den Ban E., Tobi H. Current issues around the pharmacotherapy of ADHD in children and adults. Pharm. World Sci. 2009, 31(5):509-516.
59. Minshew N.J., Keller T.A. The nature of brain dysfunction in autism: functional brain imaging studies. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2010, 23(2):124-130.
60. Montes G., Halterman J.S., Montes G., Halterman J.S. Bullying among children with autism and the influence of comorbidity with ADHD: a population-based study. Ambul. Pediatr. 2007, 7:253-257.
61. Nichols S.L., Waschbusch D.A. A review of the validity of laboratory cognitive tasks used to assess symptoms of ADHD. Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev. 2004, 34:297-315.
62. Noterdaeme M., Amorosa H., Mildenberger K., Sitter S., Minow F. Evaluation of attention problems in children with autism and children with a specific language disorder. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2001, 10:58-66.
63. O'Hearn K., Asato M., Ordaz S., Luna B. Neurodevelopment and executive function in autism. Dev. Psychopathol. 2008, 20:1103-1132.
64. Ozonoff S., Jensen J. Brief report: specific executive function profiles in three neurodevelopmental disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 1999, 29:171-177.
65. Ozonoff S., Strayer D.L. Inhibitory function in nonretarded children with autism. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 1997, 27:59-77.
66. Paloyelis Y., Mehta M.A., Kuntsi J., Asherson P. Functional MRI in ADHD: a systematic literature review. Expert Rev. 2007, 7:1337-1356.
67. Pascualvaca D.M., Fantie B.D., Papageorgiou M., Mirsky A.F. Attentional capacities in children with autism: is there a general deficit in shifting focus?. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 1998, 28:467-478.
68. Penn H.E. Neurobiological correlates of autism: a review of recent research. Child Neuropsychol. 2006, 12:57-79.
69. Pennington B.F., Ozonoff S. Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 1996, 37:51-87.
70. Qiu A.Q., Crocetti D., Adler M., et al. Basal ganglia volume and shape in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 2009, 166:74-82.
71. Reiersen A.M., Constantino J.N., Volk H.E., Todd R.D. Autistic traits in a population-based ADHD twin sample. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2007, 48:464-472.
72. Reiersen A.M., Neuman R.J., Reich W., Constantino J.N., Volk H.E., Todd R.D. Intersection of Autism and ADHD: Evidence for a Distinct Syndrome Influenced by Genes and by Gene-Environment Interactions 2008, American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., Arlington, VA.
73. Redcay R., Courchesne E. When is the brain enlarged in autism? A meta analysis of all brain size reports. Biol. Psychiatry 2005, 58(1):1-9.
74. Rinehart N.J., Bradshaw J.L., Moss S.A., Brereton A.V., Tonge B.J. A deficit in shifting attention present in high-functioning autism but not Asperger's disorder. Autism 2001, 5:67-80.
75. Ruggieri V.L. Atentional processes and attention deficit disorders in autism. Rev. Neurol. 2006, 42(Suppl. 3):S51-S56.
76. Santosh P.J., Baird G., Pityaratstian N., Tavare E., Gringras P. Impact of comorbid autism spectrum disorders on stimulant response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a retrospective and prospective effectiveness study. Child Care Health Dev. 2006, 32:575-583.
77. Schneider M., Retz W., Coogan A., Thome J., Rosler M. Anatomical and functional brain imaging in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-a neurological view [erratum appears in Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2008 April;258(3):192-3]. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2006, 256(Suppl. 1):i32-i41.
78. Sergeant J.A., Geurts H., Oosterlaan J. How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?. Behav. Brain Res. 2002, 130:3-28.
79. Simonoff E., Pickles A., Charman T., Chandler S., Loucas T., Baird G., Simonoff E., Pickles A., Charman T., Chandler S., Loucas T., Baird G. Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2008, 47:921-929.
80. Sinzig J, Morsch D., Bruning N., Schmidt M.H., Lehmkuhl G. Inhibition, flexibility, working memory and planning in autism spectrum disorders with and without comorbid ADHD-symptoms. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry Mental Health 2008, 2.
81. Sinzig J., Morsch D., Lehmkuhl G. Do hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention have an impact on the ability of facial affect recognition in children with autism and ADHD?. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2008, 17:63-72.
82. Sinzig J., Morsch D., Lehmkuhl G., Sinzig J., Morsch D., Lehmkuhl G. Do hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention have an impact on the ability of facial affect recognition in children with autism and ADHD?. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2008, 17:63-72.
83. Sinzig J., Walter D., Doepfner M., Sinzig J., Walter D., Doepfner M. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: symptom or syndrome?. J. Atten. Disord. 2009, 13:117-126.
84. Sokol D.K., Edwards-Brown M. Neuroimaging in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). J. Neuroimaging 2004, 14:8-15.
85. Stanfield A.C., McIntosh A.M., Spencer M.D., Philip R., Gaur S., Lawrie S.M. Towards a neuroanatomy of autism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies. Eur. Psychiatry: J. Assoc. Eur. Psychiatrists 2008, 23:289-299.
86. The MTA Cooperative Group A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1999, 56:1073-1086.
87. The MTA Cooperative Group Moderators and mediators of treatment response for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the multimodal treatment study of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1999, 56:1088-1096.
88. Tsai L. Psychopharmacology in autism. Psychosom. Med. 1999, 61:651-665.
89. Tsai L. Children with autism spectrum disorder: medicine today and in the new millennium. Focus Autism Other Dev. Disabil. 2000, 15:138-145.
90. Vaidya C.J., Austin G., Kirkorian G., Ridlehuber H.W., Desmond J.E., Glover G.H. Selective effects of methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A functional magnetic resonance study. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1998, 95:14494-14499.
91. Verte S., Geurts H.M., Roeyers H., Oosterlaan J., Sergeant J.A. Executive functioning in children with an autism spectrum disorder: can we differentiate within the spectrum?. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2006, 36:351-372.
92. Williams D.L., Minshew N.J. Understanding autism and related disorders: what has imaging taught us?. Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. 2007, 17:495-509.
93. World Health Organization The ICD-10. Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research 1992, WHO, Geneva.
94. Yang J., Zhou S.-J., Zhang L.-Y., Ding Y., Zhang G. The relationship between theory of mind and executive function: evidence from children with ASD or ADHD. Chin. J. Clin. Psychol. 2008, 16:225-229.
95. Yoshida Y., Uchiyama T. The clinical necessity for assessing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) symptoms in children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2004, 13:307-314.
96. Zilbovicius M., Meresse I., Boddaert N. Autism: neuroimaging. Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr. 2006, 28(Suppl. 1):S21-S28.