Morphological variation in the ear region of pleistocene elephantimorpha (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from central Texas

Journal of Morphology

Volumn 272, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 452-464

  Ekdale, Eric G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Mammuthus; Otic; Petrosal; Proboscidea; Variation

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; ELEPHANT; EVOLUTION; HEARING; HISTOLOGY; INNER EAR; MIDDLE EAR; PETROUS BONE; PROBOSCIDEA (MAMMALS); RADIOGRAPHY; SPECIES EXTINCTION; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; EAR, INNER; EAR, MIDDLE; ELEPHANTS; EXTINCTION, BIOLOGICAL; HEARING; PETROUS BONE; PROBOSCIDEA MAMMAL; TEXAS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

ELEPHANTIDAE; MAMMALIA; MAMMUTHUS; PROBOSCIDEA (MAMMAL);

EID: 79952523314     PISSN: 03622525     EISSN: 10974687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10924     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Bever GS. 2009. The postnatal skull of the extant North American turtle Pseudemys texana (Cryptodira: Emydidae), with comments on the study of discrete intraspecific variation. J Morphol 270: 97-128.
2. Blair P. 1710-1712a. Osteographia elephantina: Or, a full and exact description of all the bones of an elephant, which died near Dundee, April the 27th, 1706. With their several dimensions. Communicated in a letter to Dr. Hans Sloane, R. S. Secr. By Mr. Patrick Blair, &c. Philos Trans 27: 53-116.
3. Blair P. 1710-1712b. A continuation of the osteographia elephantina: Or, a description of the bones of an elephant, which died near Dundee, April the 27th, 1706. By Mr. Patrick Blair. Philos Trans 27: 117-168.
4. Blair P. 1717-1719. A description of the organ of hearing in the elephant, with the figures and situation of the ossicles, labyrinth and cochlea in the ear of that large animal. Communicated to the Royal Society by Dr. Patrick Blair, R. S. S. Philos Trans 30: 885-898.
5. Boyer DM, Georgi JA. 2007. Cranial morphology of a pantolestid eutherian mammal from the Eocene Bridger Formation, Wyoming, USA: Implications for relationships and habitat. J Mammal Evol 14: 239-380.
6. Christiansen P. 2004. Body size in proboscideans, with notes on elephant metabolism. Zool J Linn Soc 140: 523-549.
7. Clark CT, Smith KK. 1993. Cranial osteogenesis in Monodelphis domestica (Didelphidae) and Macropus eugenii (Macropodidae). J Morphol 215: 119-149.
8. Colbert MW, Rowe T. 2008. Ontogenetic sequence analysis: Using parsimony to characterize developmental sequences and sequence polymorphism. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 310B: 398-416.
9. Conroy GC, Wible JR. 1978. Middle ear morphology of Lemur variegates: Some implications for primate paleontology. Folia Primatol 29: 81-85.
10. Court N. 1992. Cochlea anatomy of Numidotherium koholense: Auditory acuity in the oldest known proboscidean. Lethaia 25: 211-215.
11. Court N. 1994. The periotic of Moeritherium (Mammalia, Proboscidea): Homology or homoplasy in the ear region of Tethytheria McKenna, 1975?. Zool J Linn Soc 112: 13-28.
12. Court N. 1995. A new species of Numidotherium (Mammalia: Proboscidea) from the Eocene of Libya and the early phylogeny of the Proboscidea. J Vertebr Paleontol 15: 650-671.
13. Court N, Jaeger J.-J. 1991. Anatomy of the periotic bone in the Eocene proboscidean Numidotherium koholense: An example of parallel evolution in the inner ear of tethytheres. CR Acad Sci II B 312: 559-565.
14. Cox PG, Jeffrey N. 2010. Semicircular canals and agility: The influence of size and shape measures. J Anat 216: 37-47.
15. Curthoys IS. 1982. Postnatal developmental changes in the response of rat primary horizontal semicircular canal neurons to sinusoidal angular accelerations. Exp Brain Res 47: 295-300.
16. Curthoys IS, Blanks RHI, Markham CH. 1982. Semicicrcular canal structure during postnatal development in cat and guinea pig. Ann Otolaryngol 91: 185-192.
17. Eales NB. 1926. The anatomy of the head of a foetal African elephant, Elephas africanus (Loxodonta africana). Trans R Soc of Edinb 54: 491-551.
18. Ekdale EG. 2009. Variation within the bony labyrinth of mammals [PhD dissertation]. Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin. 439 p. Available from: University of Texas Libraries, Austin, TX; DISS 2009 EK 18.
19. Ekdale EG. 2010. Ontogenetic variation in the bony labyrinth of Monodelphis domestica (Mammalia: Marsupialia) following ossification of the inner ear cavities. Anat Rec 293:1896-1912.
20. Ekdale EG, Archibald JD, Averianov AO. 2004. Petrosal bones of placental mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan. Acta Palaeontol Pol 49: 161-176.
21. Evans GL. 1961. The Friesenhahn cave. Bull Tex Mem Mus 2: 7-22.
22. Evans HE. 1993. Miller's Anatomy of the Dog, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. 1113 p.
23. Fischer MS. 1990. Un trait unique de l'orielle des elephants et des siréniens (Mammalia): un paradoxe phylogénétigue. CR Acad Sci II-Vie 311: 157-162.
24. Fischer MS, Tassy P. 1993. The interrelation between Proboscidea, Sirenia, Hyracoidea, and Mesaxonia: The morphological evidence. In: Szalay FS, Novacek MJ, andMcKenna MC, editors. Mammal Phylogeny: Placentals. New York: Springer-Verlag. pp 217-234.
25. Fleischer G. 1976. Hearing in extinct cetaceans as determined by cochlear structure. J Paleontol 50: 133-152.
26. Geisler JH, Luo Z. 1996. The petrosal and inner ear of Herpetocetus sp. (Mammalia: Cetacea) and their implications for the phylogeny and hearing of archaic mysticetes. J Paleontol 70: 1045-1066.
27. George CO, Lundelius ELJr, Meissner L, Toomey RSIII, Graham R. 2007. Late quaternary cave sites of central Texas: Field trip guidebook. Prepared for the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 67th Annual Meeting, Austin, TX, October 15-16. 48 p.
28. Gosselin-Ildari AD. 2006. Functional morphology of the bony labyrinth in Primates [honors thesis]. Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin. 52 p. Available from: University of Texas Libraries, Austin, TX; HONRS 2006 G6959.
29. Graham RW. 1976. Pleistocene and Holocene mammals, taphonomy, and paleoecology of the Friesenhahn Cave local fauna, Bexar County, Texas [PhD dissertation]. Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin. 233 p. Available from: University of Texas Libraries, Austin, TX; DISS 1976 G76.
30. Horovitz I, Ladevèze S, Argot C, Hooker JJ, Macrini TE, Martin T, Kurz C, Muizon C de, Sánchez-Villagra MR. 2008. The anatomy of Herpetotherium fugax Cope 1873, a metatherian from the Oligocene of North America. Palaeontographica 284: 109-141.
31. Hoyte DAN. 1961. The postnatal growth of the ear capsule in the rabbit. Am J Anat 108: 1-16.
32. Hullar TE, Williams CD. 2006. Geometry of the semicircular canals of the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger). Hear Res 213: 17-24.
33. Hyrtl J. 1845. Vergleichende anatomische untersuchungen über das innere gehörorgan des menschen und der säugethiere. Friedrich Ehrlich, Prague, Czech Republic. 139 p.
34. Jeffery N, Spoor F. 2004. Prenatal growth and development of the modern human labyrinth. J Anat 204: 71-92.
35. Jeffery N, Spoor F. 2006. The primate subarcuate fossa and its relationship to the semicircular canals. Part I. Prenatal growth. J Hum Evol 51: 537-549.
36. Ketten DR, Wartzok D. 1990. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the dolphin ear. In: Thomas J, Kastelein R, editors. Sensory Capabilities in Cetaceans. New York: Plenum Press. pp 81-105.
37. Knowlton VY. 1967. Correlation of the development of membranous and bony labyrinths, acoustic ganglia, nerves, and brain centers of the chick embryo. J Morphol 121: 179-208.
38. Ladevèze S, de Muizon C. 2007. The auditory region of early Paleocene Pucadelphydae (Mammalia, Metatheria) from Tiumpampa, Bolivia, with phylogenetic implications. Palaeontology 50: 1123-1154.
39. Lasker DM, Han GC, Park HJ, Minor LB. 2008. Rotational responses of vestibular-nerve afferents innervating the semicircular canals in the C57BL/6 mouse. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 9: 334-348.
40. Laws RM. 1966. Age criteria for the African elephant, Loxodonta a. africana. East Afr Wildl J 4: 1-37.
41. Lundelius ELJr, Collins MB. 1999. Speleological contexts of micromammal assemblages from caves and rockshelters in the Texas Hill Country: Retrospects and prospects. International Union of Quaternary Research, XV International Congress Book of Abstracts. p. 112.
42. MacIntyre GT. 1972. The trisulcate petrosal pattern of mammals. In: Dobzhanski T, Hecht, Steere WC, editors. Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 6. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. pp 275-303.
43. MacPhee RDE. 1981. Auditory regions of primates and eutherian insectivores: Morphology, ontogeny, and character analysis. Contrib Primatol 18: 1-282.
44. Meade GE. 1961. The saber-toothed cat, Dinobastis serus. Bull Tex Mem Mus 2: 27-60.
45. Norris CA. 1993. Changes in the composition of the auditory bulla in southern Solomon Islands populations of the grey cuscus, Phalanger orientalis breviceps (Marsupialia, Phalangeridae). Zool J Linn Soc 107: 93-106.
46. Novacek MJ, Wyss A. 1986. Origin and transformation of the mammalian stapes. Contrib Geol Univ Wyo Spec Pap 3: 35-53.
47. Payne KB, Langbauer WRJr, Thomas EM. 1986. Infrasonic calls of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 18: 297-301.
48. Poole JH, Payne K, Langbauer WRJr, Moss, CJ. 1988. The social contexts of some very low frequency calls of African elephants. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 22: 385-392.
49. Ramprashad F, Landolt JP, Money KE, Clark D, Laufer J. 1979. A morphometric study of the cochlea of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). J Morphol 160: 345-358.
50. Rohland N, Malaspinas A-S, Pollack JL, Slatkin M, Matheus P, Hofreiter M. 2007. Proboscidean mitogenomics: Chronology and mode of elephant evolution using mastodon as outgroup. PLoS Biol 5(8): e207.
51. Sánchez-Villagra MR, Wible JR. 2002. Patterns of evolutionary transformation in the petrosal bone and some basicranial features in marsupial mammals, with special reference to didelphids. J Zool Syst Evol Res 40: 26-45.
52. Saunders JJ. 1977. Late Pleistocene vertebrates of the Western Ozark Highland, Missouri. Ill State Mus Rep Invest 33: 1-118.
53. Schmelzle T, Sánchez-Villagra MR, Maier W. 2007. Vestibular labyrinth diversity in diprotodontian marsupial mammals. Mammal Study 32: 83-97.
54. Segall W. 1970. Morphological parallelisms of the bulla and auditory ossicles in some insectivores and marsupials. Fieldiana Zool 51: 169-205.
55. Shoshani J, Tassy P. 2005. Advances in proboscidean taxonomy and classification, anatomy and physiology, and ecology and behavior. Quart Int 126: 5-20
56. Sipla JS. 2007. The semicircular canals of birds and non-avian dinosaurs [PhD dissertation]. Stony Brook, NY: Stony Brook University. 241 p. Available from: Stony Brook University Libraries, Stony Brook, NY;
57. Sisson S, Grossman JD. 1938. The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals, 3rd edition, revised. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company. 972 p.
58. Spoor F, Zonneveld F. 1995. Morphometry of the primate bony labyrinth: A new method based on high-resolution computed tomography. J Anat 186: 271-286.
59. Spoor F, Bajpai S, Hussain ST, Kumar K, Thewissen JGM. 2002. Vestibular evidence for the evolution of aquatic behavior in early cetaceans. Nature 417: 163-166.
60. Spoor F, Garland TJr, Krovits G, Ryan TM, Silcox MT, Walker A. 2007. The primate semicircular canal system and locomotion. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 104: 10808-10812.
61. Tassy P. 1981. Le crane de Moeritherium (Proboscidea, Mammalia) de l'Éocêne de Dor el Talha (Libye) et le problème de la classification phylogénétique du genre dans les Tethytheria McKenna, 1975. Bull Mus Natl Hist Nat C: 87-147.
62. Wagner GP, Altenberg L. 1996. Complex adaptations and the evolution of evolvability. Evolution 50: 967-976.
63. Walker A, Ryan TM, Silcox MT, Simons EL, Spoor F. 2008. The semicircular canal system and locomotion: The case of extinct lemuroids and lorisoids. Evol Anthropol 17: 135-145.
64. Watson M. 1874. Contributions to the anatomy of the Indian elephant. Part IV. Muscles and blood-vessels of the face and head. J Anat Phys 9: 118-133.
65. West CD. 1985. The relationship of the spiral turns of the cochlea and the length of the basilar membrane to the range of audible frequencies in ground dwelling mammals. J Acoust Soc Am 77: 1091-1101.
66. Wever EG, McCormick JG, Palin J, Ridgway SH. 1971. Cochlea of the dolphin, Tursiops truncatus: The basilar membrane. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 68: 2708-2711.
67. Wible JR. 1984. The ontogeny and phylogeny of the mammalian cranial arterial pattern [dissertation]. Durham, NC: Duke University. 705 p. Available from: Duke University Libraries, Durham, NC; PhD W6320 1984.
68. Wible JR. 1987. The eutherian stapedial artery: Character analysis and implications for superordinal relationships. Zool J Linn Soc 91: 107-135.
69. Yang A, Hullar E. 2007. Relationship of semicircular canal size to vestibular-nerve afferent sensitivity in mammals. J Neurophysiol 98: 3197-3205.