Accountability and Patterns of Alternation in Pluralitarian, Majoritarian and Consensus Democracies

Government and Opposition

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 145-167

  Lundell, Krister ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952423197     PISSN: 0017257X     EISSN: 14777053     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-7053.2010.01334.x     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Bernard Manin, Adam Przeworski and Susan C. Stokes, 'Elections, Accountability, and Representation', in Adam Przeworski, Susan Stokes and Bernard Manin (eds), Democracy, Accountability and Representation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 29-54, at p. 50.
2. G. Bingham Powell, Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 2000, p. 122.
3. André Kaiser, Matthias Lehnert, Bernhard Miller and Ulrich Sieberer, 'The Democratic Quality of Institutional Regimes: A Conceptual Framework', Political Studies, (June 2002), 50: 2, pp. 313-31.
4. Arthur Lupia, 'Delegation and its Perils', in Kaare Strom, Wolfgang C. Müller and Torbjörn Bergman (eds), Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 33-54, at p. 35.
5. Torbjörn Bergman, Wolfgang C. Müller, Kaare Strom and Magnus Blomgren, 'Democratic Delegation and Accountability: Cross-National Patterns', in Strom, Müller and Bergman, Delegation and Accountability, pp. 109-220, at p. 110.
6. Kaare Strom, Minority Government and Majority Rule, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 131.
7. Manin, Przeworski and Stokes, 'Elections, Accountability, and Representation'.
8. Powell, Elections as Instruments of Democracy, p. 9.
9. Anthony Downs, Economic Theory of Democracy, New York, HarperCollins, 1957.
10. Peter Mair, Party System Change: Approaches and Interpretations, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1997.
11. Arend Lijphart, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 1999.
12. Jack H. Nagel, 'Expanding the Spectrum of Democracies: Reflections on Proportional Representation in New Zealand', in M. Crepaz, T. Koelble and D. Wilsford (eds), Democracy and Institutions. The Life Work of Arend Lijphart, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2000, pp. 113-28.
13. Kaiser et al., 'The Democratic Quality of Institutional Regimes', p. 326.
14. Giovanni Sartori, Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1976.
15. Kaiser et al., 'The Democratic Quality of Institutional Regimes', pp. 317-19.
16. Sartori, Parties and Party Systems, p. 123.
17. Markku Laakso and Rein Taagepera, '"Effective" Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe', Comparative Political Studies, 12: 1 (1979), pp. 3-27.
18. Powell, Elections as Instruments of Democracy, p. 11.
19. André Blais and R. K. Carty, 'The Impact of Electoral Formulae on the Creation of Majority Governments', Electoral Studies, 6: 3 (1987), pp. 209-18.
20. Hanne M. Narud and Henry Valen, 'Coalition Membership and Electoral Performance', in K. Strom, W.C. Müller and T. Bergman (eds), Cabinets and Coalition Bargaining: The Democratic Life Cycle in Western Europe, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008, pp. 369-402, at p. 371.
21. Powell, Elections as Instruments of Democracy, p. 68.
22. G. B. Powell and G. D. Whitten, 'A Cross-National Analysis of Economic Voting: Taking Account of the Political Context', American Journal of Political Science, 37: 2 (1993), pp. 391-414.
23. Åsa Bengtsson, Ekonomisk röstning och politisk kontext. En studie av 266 val i parlamentariska demokratier, Åbo, Åbo Akademi University Press, 2002.
24. Narud and Valen, 'Coalition Membership and Electoral Performance', pp. 371, 382.
25. Strom, Minority Government.
26. See e.g. Narud and Valen, 'Coalition Membership and Electoral Performance', p. 379; Martin Paldam, 'The Distribution of Electoral Results and the Two Explanations of the Cost of Ruling', European Journal of Political Economy, 2 (1986), pp. 5-24; Powell Elections as Instruments of Democracy, pp. 47-8; Powell and Whitten, 'A Cross-National Analysis of Economic Voting', p. 398; Richard Rose and Thomas T. Mackie, 'Incumbency in Government: Asset or Liability', in Hans Daalder and Peter Mair (eds), Western European Party Systems: Continuity and Change, Beverly Hills, Sage, 1983; Strom, Minority Government, pp. 123-4.
27. Kaare Strom, Ian Budge and Michael J. Laver, 'Constraints on Cabinet Formation in Parliamentary Democracies', American Journal of Political Science, 38: 2 (1994), pp. 305-35.
28. Giovanni Sartori, Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives, and Outcomes, London, Macmillan, 1994, p. 132.
29. Maurice Duverger, 'A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government', European Journal of Political Research, 8: 2 (1980), pp. 165-87.
30. The parliamentary elections in 2003 and 2007 are not included, although the political practice since 2000 has been more parliamentary than semi-presidential.
31. Sartori, Parties and Party Systems, pp. 121-31.
32. Data on a few elections and government formations are missing during the relevant time period: Iceland 1959 and 1999, Italy 2006, Japan 1995, 1996 and 2000, New Zealand 1996 and Portugal 1983.
33. All data used in the article may be obtained from the author upon request.
34. Among the countries that score both 1 and 0.
35. Arend Lijphart, Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 1984, p. 1.