Palaeoecology and biostratigraphy of early Cretaceous (Aptian) calcareous nannofossils and the δ13Ccarb isotope record from NE Iran

Cretaceous Research

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 331-356

  Mahanipour, Azam ^a,c   Mutterlose, Jörg ^b   Kani, Anoshiravan L ^a   Adabi, Mohammad Hosein ^a  

^a SHAHID BEHESHTI UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

^b RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

^c SHAHID BAHONAR UNIVERSITY OF KERMAN   (Iran)

Author keywords

Aptian; Calcareous nannofossils; Iran; Kopet Dagh Basin; Northern Tethys; OAE 1a; Stable isotopes

Indexed keywords

APTIAN; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; NANOFOSSIL; PALEOECOLOGY; PALEOENVIRONMENT; STABLE ISOTOPE; TAXONOMY; TETHYS;

IRAN; KOPET-DAGH BASIN;

BISCUTUM; CRUCIBISCUTUM; DISCORHABDUS; WATZNAUERIA; ZEUGRHABDOTUS;

EID: 79952313316     PISSN: 01956671     EISSN: 1095998X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2011.01.006     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Adabi M.H. Application of carbon isotope chemostratigraphy to the Renison dolomites, Tasmania: a Neoproterozoic age. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 1997, 44:767-775.
2. Afshar-Harb A. A brief history of geological exploration and geology of the Sarakhs area and the Khangiran field. Bulletin of the Iranian Petroleum Institute 1969, 37:86-93. (in Persian).
3. Afshar-Harb, A., 1979. The stratigraphy, tectonics and petroleum geology of the Kopet Dagh region, northern Iran. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College of Science and Technology of London, England.
4. Aguado R., Castro J.M., Company M., Alfonso de Gea G. Aptian bioevents - an integrated biostratigraphic analysis of the Almadich Formation, Inner prebetic Domain, SE Spain. Cretaceous Research 1999, 20:663-683.
5. Aguado, R., Company, M., Sandoval, J., Tavera, J.M., 1995. Biostratigraphic events around the Barremian-Aptian boundary in the Betic Cordillera (Southern Spain). In: Second International Symposium on Cretaceous Stage Boundaries, Abstract Volume, p. 6.
6. Ando A., Kakegawa T., Takashima R., Saito T. New perspective on Aptian carbon isotope stratigraphy: data from δ13C records of terrestrial organic matter. Geology 2002, 30:227-230.
7. Arthur M.A. Volcanic contributions to the carbon and sulfur geochemical cycles and global change. Encyclopedia of Volcanoes 2000, 1045-1056. Academic Press. H. Sigurdsson, B. Houghton, S.R. McNutt, H. Rymer, J. Stix (Eds.).
8. Arthur M.A., Dean W.E., Schlanger S.O. Variations in the global carbon cycle during the Cretaceous related to climate, volcanism, and changes in atmospheric CO2. Geophysical Monography Series 1985, vol. 32:504-529. AGU, Washington, D.C. E.T. Sundquist, W.S. Broecker (Eds.).
9. Arthur M.A., Jenkyns H.C., Brumsack H.J., Schlanger S.O. Stratigraphy, geochemistry and paleoceanography of organic-carbon rich Cretaceous sequences. NATO ASI Series 1990, vol. 304:75-119. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. R.N. Ginsburg, B. Beaudoin (Eds.).
10. Arthur M.A., Schlanger S.O., Jenkyns H.C. The Cenomanian/Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event, II: palaeoceanographic controls on organic matter production and preservation. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 1987, vol. 26:401-420. J. Brooks, A.J. Fleet (Eds.).
11. Beerling D.J., Lomas M.R., Gröcke D.R. On the nature of methane gashydrate dissociation during the Toarcian and Aptian oceanic anoxic events. American Journal of Science 2002, 302:28-49.
12. Berberian M., King G.C.P. Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 1981, 18:210-265.
13. Berner R.A. A model for atmospheric CO2 over Phanerozoic time. American Journal of Science 1991, 291:339-376.
14. Bersezio R., Erba E., Gorza M., Riva A. Berriasian-Aptian black shales of the Maiolica formation (Lombardian Basin, Southern Alps, Northern Italy): local to global events. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2002, 180:253-275.
15. Bischoff G., Mutterlose J. Calcareous nannofossils of the Barremian/Aptian boundary interval in NW Europe: biostratigraphic and palaeoecologic implications of a high resolution study. Cretaceous Research 1998, 19:635-661.
16. Bornemann A., Mutterlose J. Size analyses of the coccolith species Biscutum constans and Watznaueria barnesiae from the Late Albian " Niveau Breistroffer" (SE France): taxonomic and palaeoecological implications. Geobios 2006, 39:599-615.
17. Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy 1998, 314. Chapman and Hall, London. P.R. Bown (Ed.).
18. Bown P.R. Early to Mid-Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton from the northwest Pacific Ocean, Leg 198, Shatsky Rise. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program 2005, 198:1-82.
19. Bown P.R., Young J.R. Techniques. Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy 1998, 16-28. Chapman and Hall, London. P.R. Bown (Ed.).
20. Bown P.R., Rutledge D., Crux J.A., Gallagher L.T. Lower Cretaceous. Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy 1998, 86-131. Chapman and Hall, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London. P.R. Bown (Ed.).
21. Bralower T.J., Arthur M.A., Leckie R.M., Sliter W.V., Allard D.J., Schlanger S.O. Timing and Paleoceanography of Oceanic Dysoxic/Anoxia in the Late Barremian to Early Aptian (Early Cretaceous). Palaios 1994, 9:335-369.
22. Bralower T.J., CoBabe E., Clement B., Sliter W.V., Osburne C., Longoria J. The record of global change in mid-Cretaceous, Barremian-Albian sections from the Sierra Madre, northeastern Mexico. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 1999, 29:418-437.
23. Bralower T.J., Leckie R.M., Sliter W.V., Thierstein H.R. An integrated Cretaceous microfossil biostratigraphy. SEPM Special Publication 1995, 54:65-79.
24. Bralower T.J., Sliter W.V., Arthur M.A., Leckie R.M., Allard D.J., Schlanger S.O. Dysoxic/anoxic episodes in the Aptian-Albian (Early Cretaceous). AGU Geophysical Monograph 1993, vol. 77:5-37. M. Pringle (Ed.).
25. Busson G., Nöel D. Les nannoconides indicateurs environmentaux des océans et mers épicontinentales du Jurassique terminal et du Crétacé inférieur. Oceanologica Acta 1991, 14:333-356.
26. Channell J.E.T., Cecca F., Erba E. Correlations of Hauterivian and Barremian (Early Cretaceous) stage boundaries to polarity chrons. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1995, 134:125-140.
27. Channell J.E.T., Erba E. Early Cretaceous polarity chrons CM0 to CM11 recorded in Northern Italian land sections near Brescia (Northern Italy). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1992, 108:161-179.
28. Coccioni R., Erba E., Premoli Silva I. Barremian-Aptian calcareous plankton biostratigraphy from the Gorgo a Cerbara section (Marche, central Italy) and implications for plankton evolution. Cretaceous Research 1992, 13:517-537.
29. Crux J.A. Biostratigraphy and palaeogeographical applications of Lower Cretaceous nannofossils from north-western Europe. Nannofossils and Their Applications 1989, 143-211. Ellis Horwood, Chichester. J.A. Crux, S.E. van Heck (Eds.).
30. Crux J.A. Albian calcareous nannofossils from the Gault Clay of Munday's Hill (Bedfordshire, England). Journal of Micropaleontology 1991, 10:203-222.
31. de Gea G.A., Castro J.M., Aguado R., Ruiz-Ortiz P.A., Company M. Lower Aptian carbon isotope stratigraphy from a distal carbonate shelf setting: the Cau section, Prebetic zone, SE Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology. Palaeoecology 2003, 200:207-219.
32. Erba E. Middle Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils from the Western Pacific (ODP Leg 129): evidence for paleoequatorial crossings. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 1992, 129:189-201.
33. Erba E. Nannofossils and superplumes: the early Aptian 'nannoconid crisis'. Paleoceanography 1994, 9:483-501.
34. Erba E. The Aptian stage. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 1996, 66(Suppl.):31-43.
35. Erba E. Calcareous nannofossils and Mesozoic oceanic anoxic events. Marine Micropaleontology 2004, 52:85-106.
36. Erba E., Castradori D., Guasti G., Ripepe M. Calcareous nannofossils and Milankovitch cycles: the example of the Albian Gault Clay Formation (southern England). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1992, 93:47-69.
37. Erba E., Channell J.E.T., Claps M., Jones C., Larson R., Opdyke B., Premoli Silva I., Riva A., Salvini G., Torricelli S. Integrated stratigraphy of the Cismon APTICORE (Southern Alps, Italy): a " reference section" for the Barremian-Aptian interval at low latitudes. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 1999, 29:371-392.
38. Erba E., Tremolada F. Nannofossil carbonate fluxes during the Early Cretaceous: phytoplankton response to nutrification episodes, atmospheric CO2 and anoxia. Paleoceanography 2004, 19:1-18.
39. Erbacher J., Huber B.T., Norris R.D., Markey M. Increased thermohaline stratification as a possible cause for an oceanic anoxic event in the Cretaceous period. Nature 2001, 409:325-327.
40. Erbacher J., Thurow J., Littke R. Evolution patterns of radiolarian and organic matter variations: a new approach to identify sea-level changes in mid-Cretaceous pelagic environments. Geology 1996, 24:499-502.
41. Ferreri V., Weissert H., D' Argenio B., Buonocunto P. Carbon-isotope stratigraphy: a tool for basin to carbonate platform correlation. Terra Nova 1997, 9:57-61.
42. Geisen M., Bollmann J., Herrle J., Mutterlose J., Young J. Calibration of the random settling technique for calculation of absolute abundances of calcareous nannoplankton. Micropaleontology 1999, 45:437-442.
43. Glennie K.W. Cretaceous tectonic evolution of Arabia eastern plate margining: a tale of two oceans, in Middle East models of Jurassic/Cretaceous carbonate Systems. SEPM Special Publication 2000, 69:9-20.
44. Giraud F., Pittet B., Mattioli E., Audouin V. Paleoenvironmental controls on the morphology and abundance of the coccolith Watznaueria brittanica (Late Jurassic, southern Germany). Marine Micropaleontology 2006, 60:205-225.
45. Giraud F., Courtinat B., Atrops F. Spatial distribution of calcareous nannofossils across the Callovian-Oxfordian transition in the French Subalpine Basin. Marine Micropaleontology 2009, 72:129-145.
46. Haq B.U., Hardenbol J., Vail P.R. Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and cycles of sea-level change. Sea-level changes: an integrated approach. SEPM Special Publication 1988, 42:71-108.
47. Hardas P., Mutterlose J. Calcareous nannofossil assemblages of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 in the equatorial Atlantic: evidence of an eutrophication event. Marine Micropaleontology 2007, 66:52-69.
48. Heimhofer U., Hochuli P.A., Herrle J.O., Weissert H. Contrasting origins of Early Cretaceous black shales in the Vocontian basin: evidence from palynological and calcareous nannofossil records. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2006, 235:93-109.
49. Heldt M., Bachmann M., Lehmann J. Microfacies, biostratigraphy, and geochemistry of the hemipelagic Barremian-Aptian in north-central Tunisia: influence of the OAE 1a on the southern Tethys margin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2008, 261:246-260.
50. Herrle J.O., Mutterlose J. Calcareous nannofossils from the Aptian-Lower Albian of southeast France: palaeoecological and biostratigraphic implications. Cretaceous Research 2003, 24:1-22.
51. Herrle J.O. Reconstructing nutricline dynamics of mid-Cretaceous oceans: evidence from calcareous nannofossils from the Niveau Paquier black shale (SE France). Marine Micropaleontology 2003, 47:307-321.
52. Herrle J.O., Kößler P., Friedrich O., Erlenkeuser H., Hemleben C. High-resolution carbon isotope records of the Aptian to Lower Albian from SE France and the Mazagan Plateau (DSDP Site 545): a stratigraphic tool for paleoceanographic and paleobiologic reconstruction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 218:149-161.
53. Herrle J.O., Pross J., Friedrich O., Kößler P., Hemleben C. Forcing mechanisms for mid-Cretaceous black shale formation: evidence from the Upper Aptian and Lower Albian of the Vocontian Basin (SE France). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2003, 190:399-426.
54. Hill M.E. Selective dissolution of mid-Cretaceous (Cenomanian) calcareous nannofossils. Micropaleontology 1975, 21:227-235.
55. Immel H., Seyed-Emami K., Afshar-Harb A. Kreide-Ammoniten aus dem iranischen Teil des Koppeh-Dagh (NE-Iran). Zitteliana 1997, 21:159-190.
56. Jahren A.H., Arens N.C. Methane hydrate dissociation implicated in Aptian OAE events. Geological Society of American Abstract Progress 1998, 30:52.
57. Jahren A.H., Arens N.C., Sarmiento G., Guerrero J., Amundson R. Terrestrial record of methane hydrate dissociation in the Early Cretaceous. Geology 2001, 29:159-162.
58. Jenkyns H.C. Carbon-isotope stratigraphy and paleoceanographic significance of the Lower Cretaceous shallow-water carbonates of resolution Guyot, Mid-Pacific mountains. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Science Results 1995, 143:99-104.
59. Jenkyns H.C. Mesozoic anoxic events and palaeoclimate. Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie 1999, 1997(7-9):943-949.
60. Kalantari, A., 1969. Foraminifera from the Middle Jurassic-Cretaceous successions of Kopet Dagh region (NE-Iran). Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of London, England.
61. Kessels K., Mutterlose J., Michalzik D. Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) calcareous nannofossils and isotopes of the northern hemisphere: proxies for the understanding of Cretaceous climate. Lethaia 2006, 39:157-172.
62. Kessels K., Mutterlose J., Ruffell A. Calcareous nannofossils from late Jurassic sediments of the Volga Basin (Russian Platform): evidence for productivity controlled black shale deposition. International Journal of Earth Science 2003, 92:743-757.
63. Larson R.L. Geological consequences of superplumes. Geology 1991, 19:963-966.
64. Larson R.L., Erba E. Onset of the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse in the Barremian-Aptian: igneous events and the biological, sedimentary, and geochemical responses. Paleoceanography 1999, 14:663-678.
65. Leckie M.L. Oceanic anoxic events and plankton evolution: biotic response to tectonic forcing during the mid-Cretaceous. Paleoceanography 2002, 17:1029.
66. Leckie R.M., Bralower T.J., Cashman R. Oceanic anoxic events and plankton evolution: biotic response to tectonic forcing during the mid-Cretaceous. Paleoceanography 2002, 17:1-29.
67. Lees J.A., Bown P.R., Young J.R., Riding J.B. Evidence for annual records of phytoplankton productivity in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation coccolith stone bands (Upper Jurassic, Dorset, UK). Marine Micropaleontology 2004, 52:29-49.
68. Li Y.X., Bralower T.J., Montaňez I.P., Osleger D.A., Arthur M.A., Bice D.M., Herbert T.D., Erba E., Premoli Silva I. Towards an orbital chronology for the early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 271:88-100.
69. Luciani V., Cobianchi M., Jenkyns H.C. Biotic and geochemical responses to anoxic events: the Aptian pelagic succession of the Gargano Promontory, southern Italy. Geological Magazine 2001, 138:277-298.
70. Manivit, H., 1971. Nannofossiles calcaires du Crétacé français (Aptien-Maestrichtien). Essai de Biozonation appuyée sur les stratotypes. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Université de Paris, France.
71. Menegatti A.P., Weissert H., Brown R.S., Tyson R.V., Farrimond P., Strasser A., Caron M. High-resolution δ13C-stratigraphy through the early Aptian " Livello Selli" of the Alpine Tethys. Paleoceanography 1998, 13:530-545.
72. Moullade M., Kuhnt W., Berger J.A., Masse J., Tronchetti G. Correlation of biostratigraphic and stable isotope events in the Aptian historical stratotype of La Bédoule (southeast France). Comptes Rendues de l'Academie des Sciences. Paris, Science de la terre et des planètes 1998, 327:693-698.
73. Müller G., Gastner M. The " Karbonat-Bombe", a simple device for the determination of the carbonate content in sediments, soils and other materials. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1971, 10:466-469.
74. Mutterlose J. Temperature-controlled migration of calcareous nannofloras in the north-west European Aptian. Nannofossils and their Applications. Proceedings of the International Nannofossil Association Conference, London. Ellis Horwood, Chichester 1989, 122-142. J.A. Crux, S.E. van Heck (Eds.).
75. Mutterlose J. Das Verteilungs- und Migrationsmuster des kalkigen Nannoplanktons in der borealen Unterkreide (Valangin-Apt) NW-Deutschlands. Palaeontographica B 1991, 221:27-152.
76. Mutterlose J. Migration and evolution patterns of floras and faunas in marine Early Cretaceous sediments of NW Europe. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1992, 94:261-282.
77. Mutterlose J., Wise S.W. Lower Cretaceous nannofossils biostratigraphy of ODP Leg 113 Holes 692B and 693A, continental slope off east Antarctica, Weddell Sea. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 1990, 113:325-351.
78. Mutterlose J., Kessels K. Early Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils from high latitudes: implications for palaeobiogeography and palaeoclimate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2000, 160:347-372.
79. Opdyke B.N., Erba E., Larson R.L. Hot LIPs, methane, and the carbon record of the Apticore. Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union 1999, 80:486-487.
80. Perch-Nielsen K. Calcareous nannofossils from the Cretaceous between the North Sea and the Mediterranean. IUGS Series A 1979, vol. 6:223-272. J. Wiedmann (Ed.).
81. Perch-Nielsen K. Mesozoic Calcareous nannofossils. Cambridge Earth Science Series 1985, 329-426. Cambridge University Press. H.M. Bolli, J.B. Saunders, K. Perch-Nielsen (Eds.).
82. Pittet B., Mattioli E. The carbonate signal and calcareous nannofossil distribution in an Upper Jurassic section (Balingen-Tieringen, Late Oxfordian, southern Germany). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2002, 179:71-96.
83. Premoli Silva I., Erba E., Salvini G., Locatelli C., Verga D. Biotic changes in Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events of the Tethys. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 1999, 29:352-370.
84. Premoli Silva I., Erba E., Tornaghi M. Paleoenvironmental signals and changes in surface fertility in mid Cretaceous Corg-rich pelagic facies of the Fucoid Marls (Central Italy). Geobios 1989, 11:225-236.
85. Raisossadat N., Moussavi-Harami R. Lithostratigraphic and facies analyses of the Sarcheshmeh Formation (Lower Cretaceous) in the eastern Kopet Dagh Basin, NE Iran. Cretaceous Research 2000, 21:507-516.
86. Raisossadat, S.N., 2002. Lower Cretaceous (Upper Barremian-Lower Albian) Ammonite Faunas of the Kopet Dagh Basin, NE Iran. PhD Thesis, University College London, England.
87. Raisossadat S.N. The ammonite family Deshayesitidae in the Kopet Dagh Basin, north-east Iran. Cretaceous Research 2004, 25:115-136.
88. Raisossadat S.N. The ammonite family Parahoplitidae in the Sanganeh Formation of the Kopet Dagh Basin, north-eastern Iran. Cretaceous Research 2006, 27:907-922.
89. Roth P.H. Calcareous nannofossils- Leg 17, Deep Sea Drilling Project. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 1973, 17:695-795.
90. Roth P.H. Cretaceous nannoplankton biostratigraphy and oceanography of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 1978, 44:731-759.
91. Roth P.H. Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils in the western North Atlantic (Site 534): biostratigraphy, preservation, and some observations on biogeography and paleoceanography. Initial Report of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 1983, vol. 76:587-621. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington. R.E. Sheridan, F.M. Gradstein (Eds.).
92. Roth P.H., Bowdler J.L. Middle Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton biogeography and oceanography of the Atlantic Ocean. SEPM Special Publication 1981, 32:517-546.
93. Roth P.H., Krumbach K.R. Middle Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil biogeography and preservation in the Atlantic and Indian oceans: implications for paleoceanography. Marine Micropaleontology 1986, 10:235-266.
94. Schlanger S.O., Arthur M.A., Jenkyns H.C., Scholle P.A. The Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic anoxic event, I. Stratigraphy and distribution of organic carbon-rich beds and the marine δ13C excursion. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 1987, vol. 26:371-399. J. Brooks, A.J. Fleet (Eds.).
95. Schlanger S.O., Jenkyns H.C. Cretaceous anoxic events: causes and consequences. Geologie en Mijnbouw 1976, 55:179-184.
96. Scholle P., Arthur M.A. Carbon isotopic fluctuations in pelagic limestones: potential stratigraphic and petroleum exploration tool. American Association of Petroleum Geology 1980, 64:67-87.
97. Seyed-Emami K. Parahoplitidae (Ammonoidea) aus dem Nordost und Zentraliran. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte 1980, 1980:719-737.
98. Seyed-Emami K., Aryai A.A. Ammoniten aus dem unteren Cenoman von Nordostiran (Koppeh Dagh). Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläeontologie und Historische Geologie 1981, 21:23-39.
99. Seyed-Emami K., Forster R., Mojtahedi A. Ammoniten aus dem mittleren Cenoman von Nordost-Iran (Koppeh-Dagh). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte 1984, 159-172.
100. Seyed-Emami K., Schairer G., Behroozi A. Einige ammoniten aus der Kashaf Rud Formation (Mittlerer Jura) E Mashhad (NE-Iran). Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie 1994, 34:145-158.
101. Seyed-Emami K., Schairer G., Behroozi A. Ammoniten aus dem Oberen Bajoc (Mittlerer Jura) des SE-Koppeh Dagh und SE-Alborz (NE-Iran). Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläeontologie und Historische Geologie 1996, 36:87-106.
102. Shackleton N.J. The carbon isotope record of the Cenozoic: history of organic carbon burial and of oxygen in the ocean and atmosphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 1987, vol. 26:423-434. J. Brooks, A. Fleet (Eds.).
103. Shannon C.E., Weaver W. The mathematical Theory of Communication 1949, University of Illinois Press, 125 pp.
104. Sissingh W. Biostratigraphy of Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton. Geologie Mijnbouw 1977, 56:37-65.
105. Street C., Bown P.R. Palaeobiogeography of Early Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian) calcareous nannoplankton. Marine Micropaleontology 2000, 39:265-291.
106. Thierstein H.R. Tentative Lower Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton zonation. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 1971, 64:459-488.
107. Thierstein H.R. Lower Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 1973, 29:3-53.
108. Thierstein H.R. Selective dissolution of Late Cretaceous and earliest tertiary calcareous nannofossils: experimental evidence. Cretaceous Research 1980, 2:165-176.
109. Tremolada F., Erba E., Bralower T.J. Late Barremian to early Aptian calcareous nannofossil paleoceanography and paleoecology from the Ocean Drilling Program Hole 641C (Galicia Margin). Cretaceous Research 2006, 27:887-897.
110. Tyson R.V. Sedimentary Organic Matter 1995, Chapman & Hall, London, UK, 615 pp.
111. Weissert H., Lini A., Föllmi K.B., Kuhn O. Correlation of Early Cretaceous isotope stratigraphy and platform drowning events, a possible link?. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1998, 137:189-201.
112. Weissert H., McKenzie J.A., Channell J.E.T. Natural variations in the carbon cycle during the Early Cretaceous. Natural Variations Archean to Present, Geophysical Monograph Series 1985, vol. 32:531-545. E.T. Sundquist, W.E. Broecker (Eds.).
113. Williams J.R., Bralower T.J. Nannofossil assemblages, fine fraction stable isotopes, and the paleoceanography of the Valanginian-Barremian (Early Cretaceous) North Sea Basin. Paleoceanography 1995, 10:815-864.
114. Wise S.W. Mesozoic-Cenozoic history of calcareous nannofossils in the region of Southern Ocean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1988, 67:157-179.
115. Wissler L., Funk H., Weissert H. Response of Early Cretaceous carbonate platforms to changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2003, 200:187-205.