Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration and post-conflict peacebuilding in Africa: An overview

African Security

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 24-52

  Andy Knight, W ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Civil war; Peacebuilding; Post conflict security; Reintegration; United Nations

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952238331     PISSN: 19392206     EISSN: 19392214     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19362200802285757     Document Type: Article

References (38)

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2. Neclâ Tschirgi, “Post-conflict Peacebuilding Revisited: Achievements, Limitations, Challenges” (paper prepared for the WSP International/IPA Peacebuilding Forum Conference, October 7, New York: International Peace Academy, 2004), 1.
3. Nathalie de Watteville, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobilization and Reintegration Programs, Africa Region Working Paper Series (Washington, DC: The World Bank, Africa Region, 2002)
4. Beth Verhey, Child Ex-combatants, Africa Region Working Paper no. 23 (Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2001).
5. Edward Bell and Charlotte Watson, DDR: Supporting Security and Development: The EU’s Added Value (London: International Alert, 2006), 3.
6. Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, “Background Paper: Can Small Arms and Light Weapons Be Controlled?” Fact Sheet, June 2 (Washington, DC: Bureau of Political Military Affairs, U.S. Department of State, 2001), http://www.state.gov/t/pm/rls/fs/3768.htm.
7. Mats R. Berdal, Disarmament and Demobilization after Civil Wars: Arms, Soldiers and the Termination of Armed Conflicts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).
8. Nicole Ball and Luc van de Goor, Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Mapping Issues, Dilemmas and Guiding Principles (The Hague, the Netherlands: The Netherlands Institute of International Relations, 2006), http://www.clingendael.nl/publications/2006/20060800_cru_paper_ddr.pdf.
9. United Nations, “Introduction to Integrated DDR Standards” (United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Resource Centre), http://www.unddr.org/iddrs/01/, accessed May 17, 2007.
10. UN Nepal Information Platform, “What is the Role of the UN and UNDP in DDR?” http://www.un.org.np/ddr/role.php, accessed May 17, 2007.
11. See United Nations, “Operational Guide to the IDDRS” (United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Resource Centre), http://www.unddr.org/iddrs/accessed January 18, 2008.
12. Sharon Wiharta, “Peace-building: The New International Focus on Africa.” SIPRI Yearbook 2006, Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 140–141.
13. United Nations, “Operational Guide to the IDDRS,” accessed February 10, 2007.
14. Mark Knight and Alpaslan Ozerdem, “Guns, Camps and Cash: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Transitions from War to Peace,” Journal of Peace Research 41, no. 4 (2004): 499–516.
15. United Nations, “Operational Guide to the IDDRS,” accessed February 1, 2008.
16. European Commission and the Council of the European Union, “EU Concept for Support to Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration,” http://www.eplo.org/documents/EU_Joint_concept_DDR.pdf, accessed March 7, 2007.
17. Europa, “European Development Fund,” http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/r12102.htm, accessed May 4, 2007.
18. European Commission, “Conflict Prevention & Civilian Crisis Management: Rapid Reaction Mechanism (RRM),” http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/cfsp/cpcm/rrm/index.htm, accessed May 4, 2007.
19. Information on this action can be found at United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, “Pilot Project: European Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons and Explosive Remnants of War,” http://www.unidir.org/pdf/Report-EU-23Nov05.pdf, accessed May 4, 2007.
20. European Commission and the Council of the European Union, “EU Concept for Support to Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration,” accessed March 7, 2007.
21. Keith Krause, “Facing the Challenge of Small Arms: The UN and Global Security,” in The United Nations and Global Security, Richard Price and Mark Zacher (eds.), (New York: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2004).
22. Lotta Harbom and Peter Wallensteen, “Patterns of Major Armed Conflicts, 1990– 2005,” SIPRI Yearbook 2006, Armaments, Disarmament ad International Security (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 109.
23. Henri E. Cauvin, “Angola Rebels Face Disarray Since Death of Savimbi,” New York Times, February 26, 2002, Section A.
24. United Nations, “Country Programme: Democratic Republic of Congo,” (United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Resource Centre, April 5, 2007), http://unddr.org/countryprogrammes.php?c=25, accessed May 4, 2007.
25. United Nations, “Country Programme: Democratic Republic of Congo,” accessed May 17, 2007.
26. Amnesty International, “Democratic Republic of Congo: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) and Reform of the Army,” http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR620012007, accessed May 17, 2007.
27. United Nations, “Country Programme: Democratic Republic of Congo,” accessed May 17, 2007.
28. Amnesty International, “Democratic Republic of Congo: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) and Reform of the Army,” accessed May 17, 2007.
29. United Nations, “Country Programme: Democratic Republic of Congo,” accessed May 17, 2007.
30. United Nations Office of the Special on Africa and the Government of the Republic of Sierra Leone, “Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration (DDR), and Stability in Africa,” accessed May 17, 2007.
31. Kristiana Powell, Security Sector Reform and the Protection of Civilians in Burundi: Accomplishments, Dilemmas and Ideas for International Engagement (CENAP/NSI Working Paper, Ottawa, ON: The North-South Institute), http://www.nsi-ins.ca/english/pdf/NSI_CENAP_SSR.pdf, accessed May 5, 2008.
32. United Nations, “Country Programme: Burundi,” (United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Resource Centre), http://www.unddr.org/countryprogrammes.php?c=17, accessed December 20, 2007.
33. United Nations, “Country Programme: Liberia,” (United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Resource Centre), http://www.unddr.org/countryprogrammes.php?c=52, accessed May 17, 2007.
34. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, “Update on the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Côte D’Ivoire,” http://www.unhcr.se/se/Protect_refugees/pdf/2006/Cote_divoire_nov_06.pdf, accessed May 17, 2007.
35. Humanitarian Appeal, Consolidated Appeal for Côte d'Ivoire 2007, (Humanitarian Appeal Consolidated Appeals Process, November 30, 2006), http://ochaonline.un.org/cap2005/webpage.asp?Page=1493.
36. United Nations, “Country Programme: Côte d’Ivoire” (United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Resource Centre), http://www.unddr.org/countryprogrammes.php?c=51, accessed May 17, 2007.
37. See World Bank, “Sierra Leone: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR)” Findings Infobriefs 81 (Africa Region, October 2002), http://www.worldbank.org/afr/findings/infobeng/infob81.pdf.
38. United Nations, “Country Programme: Sudan” (United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Resource Centre), http://www.unddr.org/countryprogrammes.php?c=35, accessed May 17, 2007.