Mindanao Dome variability over the last 160 kyr: Episodic glacial cooling of the West Pacific Warm Pool

Paleoceanography

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2011, Pages

  Bolliet, Timothé ^a   Holbourn, Ann ^a   Kuhnt, Wolfgang ^a   Laj, Carlo ^b   Kissel, Catherine ^b   Beaufort, Luc ^c   Kienast, Markus ^d   Andersen, Nils ^a   Garbe Schöberg, Dieter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

^b LABORATOIRE DES SCIENCES DU CLIMAT ET DE L ENVIRONNEMENT   (France)

^c AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY   (France)

^d DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COOLING; DOME; EKMAN TRANSPORT; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EPISODIC EVENT; GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL CYCLE; HEINRICH EVENT; OCEANIC CONVECTION; OXYGEN ISOTOPE; PALEOPRODUCTIVITY; PROXY CLIMATE RECORD; THERMOCLINE; UPWELLING;

MINDANAO CURRENT; PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (EQUATORIAL); PACIFIC OCEAN (WEST); PHILIPPINES;

EID: 79952180756     PISSN: 08838305     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010PA001966     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Anand, P., H. Elderfield, and M. H. Conte (2003), Calibration of Mg/Ca thermometry in planktonic foraminifera from a sediment trap time series, Paleoceanography, 18(2), 1050, doi:10.1029/2002PA000846.
2. Antonov, J. I., R. A. Locarnini, T. P. Boyer, A. V. Mishonov, and H. E. Garcia (2006), World Ocean Atlas 2005, vol. 2, Salinity, NOAA Atlas NESDIS, vol. 62, edited by S. Levitus, 182 pp., NOAA, Silver Spring, Md.
3. Beaufort, L., and D. Dollfus (2004), Automatic recognition of coccoliths by dynamical n (Pubitemid 38498112)
4. Beaufort, L., Y. Lancelot, P. Camberlin, O. Cayre, E. Vincent, F. Bassinot, and L. Labeyrie (1997), Insolation cycles as a major control equatorial Indian Ocean primary production, Science, 278, 1451-1454, doi:10.1126/science. 278.5342.1451. (Pubitemid 27509815)
5. Beaufort, L., T. de Garidel-Thoron, A. C. Mix, and N. G. Pisias (2001), ENSO-like forcing on oceanic primary production during the Late Pleistocene, Science, 293, 2440-2444, doi:10.1126/science.293.5539.2440. (Pubitemid 32917322)
6. Bemis, B. E., H. J. Spero, J. Bijma, and D. W. Lea (1998), Reevaluation of the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera: Experimental results and revised paleotem-perature equations, Paleoceanography, 13(2), 150-160, doi:10.1029/98PA00070.
7. Bian, N., and P. A. Martin (2010), Investigating the fidelity of Mg/Ca and other elemental data from reductively cleaned planktonic foraminifera, Paleoceanography, 25, PA2215, doi:10.1029/ 2009PA001796.
8. Broecker, W. S., E. Clark, J. Lynch-Stieglitz, W. Beck, L. D. Stott, I. Hajdas, and G. Bonani (2000), Late glacial diatom accumulation at 9°S in the Indian Ocean, Paleoceanography, 15(3), 348-352, doi:10.1029/1999PA000439. (Pubitemid 32300495)
9. Cannariato, K. G., J. P. Kennett, and R. J. Behl (1999), Biotic response to late Quaternary rapid climate switches in Santa Barbara Basin: Ecological and evolutionary implications, Geology, 27(1), 63-66, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1999) 0272.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 29216503)
10. Chen, F. H., Z. D. Feng, and J. W. Zhang (2000), Loess particle size data indicative of stable winter monsoons during the last interglacial in the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau, Catena, 39(4), 233-244, doi:10.1016/ S0341-8162(00)00083-7.
11. Cléroux, C., E. Cortijo, J.-C. Duplessy, and R. Zahn (2007), Deep-dwelling foraminifera as thermocline temperature recorders, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 8, Q04N11, doi:10.1029/ 2006GC001474.
12. Dannenmann, S., B. K. Linsley, D. W. Oppo, Y. Rosenthal, and L. Beaufort (2003), East Asian monsoon forcing of suborbital variability in the Sulu Sea during Marine Isotope Stage 3: Linkto Northern Hemisphere climate, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(1), 1001, doi:10.1029/ 2002GC000390.
13. de Garidel-Thoron, T., L. Beaufort, B. K. Linsley, and S. Dannenmann (2001), Millennial-scale dynamics of the east Asian winter monsoon during the last 200,000 years, Paleoceanography, 16(5), 491-502, doi:10.1029/ 2000PA000557. (Pubitemid 33023774)
14. de Garidel-Thoron, T., Y. Rosenthal, L. Beaufort, E. Bard, C. Sonzogni, and A. C. Mix (2007), A multiproxy assessment of the western equatorial Pacific hydrography during the last 30 kyr, Paleoceanography, 22, PA3204, doi:10.1029/ 2006PA001269.
15. de Villiers, S., M. Greaves, and H. Elderfield (2002), An intensity ratio calibration method for the accurate determination of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca of marine carbonates by ICP-AES, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3(1), 1001, doi:10.1029/2001GC000169.
16. Dekens, P. S., D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, and H. J. Spero (2002), Core top calibration of Mg/Ca in tropical foraminifera: Refining paleotempera-ture estimation, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3(4), 1022, doi:10.1029/2001GC000200.
17. Dollfus, D., and L. Beaufort (1999), Fat neural network for recognition of position-normalised objects, Neural Netw., 12(3), 553-560, doi:10.1016/S0893-6080(99)00011-8. (Pubitemid 29236381)
18. Fairbanks, R. G., M. N. Evans, J. L. Rubenstone, K. Broad, M. D. Moore, and C. D. Charles (1997), Evaluating climate indices and their geochemical proxies measured in corals, Coral Reefs, 16, S93-S100, doi:10.1007/ s003380050245.
19. Fairbanks, R. G., R. A. Mortlock, T. C. Chiu, L. Cao, A. Kaplan, T. P. Guilderson, T. W. Fairbanks, A. L. Bloom, P. M. Grootes, and M. J. Nadeau (2005), Radiocarbon calibration curve spanning 0 to 50,000 years BP based on paired Th-230/U-234/U-238 and C-14 dates on pristine corals, Quat. Sci. Rev., 24 (16-17), 1781-1796, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev. 2005.04.007. (Pubitemid 40968308)
20. Farmer, E. C., A. Kaplan, P. B. de Menocal, and J. Lynch-Stieglitz (2007), Corroborating ecological depth preferences of planktonic forami-nifera in the tropical Atlantic with the stable oxygen isotope ratios of core top specimens, Paleoceanography, 22, PA3205, doi:10.1029/ 2006PA001361.
21. Fine, R., R. Lukas, F. Bingham, M. Warner, and R. Gammon (1994), The western equatorial Pacific: A water mass crossroads, J. Geophys. Res., 99(C12), 25,063-25,080, doi:10.1029/ 94JC02277.
22. Firing, E., Y. Kashino, and P. Hacker (2005), Energetic subthermocline currents observed east of Mindanao, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 52(3-4), 605-613, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.007. (Pubitemid 40451729)
23. Gooday, A. J. (1993), Deep-sea benthic forami-niferal species which exploit phytodetritus: Characteristic features and controls on distribution, Mar. Micropaleontol., 22, 187-205, doi:10.1016/0377-8398(93)90043-W. (Pubitemid 24415363)
24. Gordon, A. L. (2005), The Indonesian Seas: Oceanography of the Indonesian Seas and their throughflow, Oceanography, 18(4), 14-27. (Pubitemid 43153428)
25. Gordon, A. L., and J. L. McClean (1999), Ther-mohaline stratification of the Indonesian Seas: Model and observations, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(2), 198-216, doi:10.1175/1520-0485 (1999)0292.0.CO;2.
26. Greaves, M., et al. (2008), Interlaboratory comparison study of calibration standards for fora-miniferal Mg/Ca thermometry, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q08010, doi:10.1029/ 2008GC001974.
27. Guillou, H., B. S. Singer, C. Laj, C. Kissel, S. Scaillet, and B. R. Jicha (2004), On the age of the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 227(3-4), 331-343, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.018. (Pubitemid 39428186)
28. Guo, Z. T., A. Berger, Q. Z. Yin, and L. Qin (2009), Strong asymmetry of hemispheric climates during MIS-13 inferred from correlating China loess and Antarctica ice records, Clim. Past, 5(1), 21-31, doi:10.5194/cp-5-21-2009.
29. Hemleben, C., M. Spindler, and O. R. Anderson (1989), Modern Planktonic Foraminifera, Springer, New York.
30. Holbourn, A., W. Kuhnt, H. Kawamura, Z. Jian, P. Grootes, H. Erlenkeuser, and J. Xu (2005), Orbitally paced paleoproductivity variations in the Timor Sea and Indonesian Throughflow variability during the last 460 kyr, Paleoceanography, 20, PA3002, doi:10.1029/ 2004PA001094.
31. Jannink, N. T., W. J. Zachariasse, and G. J. Van der Zwaan (1998), Living (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera from the Pakistan continental margin (northern Arabian Sea), Deep Sea Res., Part I, 45(9), 1483-1513, doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00027-2. (Pubitemid 28494377)
32. Kalnay, E., et al. (1996), The NCEP/NCAR 40- Year Reanalysis Project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77(3), 437-471, doi:10.1175/1520-0477 (1996)0772.0.CO;2.
33. Kawamura, H., A. Holbourn, and W. Kuhnt (2006), Climate variability and land-ocean interactions in the Indo Pacific Warm Pool: A 460-ka palynological and organic geochemical Record from the Timor Sea, Mar. Micropaleontol., 59, 1-14, doi:10.1016/j. marmicro.2005.09.001. (Pubitemid 43348483)
34. Kienast, M., S. Steinke, K. Stattegger, and S. E. Calvert (2001), Synchronous tropical South China Sea SST change and Greenland warming during deglaciation, Science, 291, 2132-2134, doi:10.1126/science.1057131. (Pubitemid 32224440)
35. Kienast, M., M. F. Lehmann, A. Timmermann, E. Galbraith, T. Bolliet, A. Holbourn, C. Normandeau, and C. Laj (2008), A mid- Holocene transition in the nitrogen dynamics of the western equatorial Pacific: Evidence of a deepening thermocline?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L23610, doi:10.1029/2008GL035464.
36. Kissel, C., C. Laj, M. Kienast, T. Bolliet, A. Holbourn, P. Hill, W. Kuhnt, and P. Braconnot (2010), Monsoon variability and deep oceanic circulation in the western equatorial Pacific over the last climatic cycle: Insights from sedimentary magnetic properties and sortable silt, Paleoceanography, 25, PA3215, doi:10.1029/ 2010PA001980.
37. Kuhnt, W., S. Hess, and Z. M. Jian (1999), Quantitative composition of benthic foraminif-eral assemblages as a proxy indicator for organic carbon flux rates in the South China Sea, Mar. Geol., 156(1-4), 123-157, doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00176-5. (Pubitemid 29130889)
38. Laj, C., et al. (2006), Les rapports de campagnes à la mer: MD155-Marco Polo 2, IMAGES XIV cruise report, 11 juin au 6 juillet 2006, Publ. Inst. Polaire Fr. OCE/2006/06, Publ. de Inst. Polaire Fr., Brest, France.
39. Lea, D. W., D. K. Pak, and H. J. Spero (2000), Climate impact of late quaternary equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature variations, Science, 289, 1719-1724, doi:10.1126/science. 289.5485.1719.
40. Lea, D. W., D. K. Pak, L. C. Peterson, and K. A. Hughen (2003), Synchroneity of tropical and high-latitude Atlantic temperatures over the last glacial termination, Science, 301, 1361-1364, doi:10.1126/science.1088470. (Pubitemid 37075808)
41. LeGrande, A. N., and G. A. Schmidt (2006), Global gridded data set of the oxygen isotopic composition in seawater, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L12604, doi:10.1029/2006GL026011. (Pubitemid 44687713)
42. Li, T., Z. Liu, M. A. Hall, S. Berne, Y. Saito, S. Cang, and Z. Cheng (2001), Heinrich event imprints in the Okinawa Trough: Evidence from oxygen isotope and planktonic foraminifera, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 176, 133-146, doi:10.1016/ S0031-0182(01)00332-7. (Pubitemid 34171961)
43. Lin, H. L., and H. Y. Hsieh (2007), Seasonal variations of modern planktonic foraminifera in the South China Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 54, 1634-1644, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.05.007. (Pubitemid 47369161)
44. Lin, H. L., W. C. Wang, and G. W. Hung (2004), Seasonal variation of planktonic foraminiferal isotopic composition from sediment traps in the South China Sea, Mar. Micropaleontol., 53, 447-460, doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2004.08. 004. (Pubitemid 39568747)
45. Locarnini, R. A., A. V. Mishonov, J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, and H. E. Garcia (2006), World Ocean Atlas 2005, vol. 1, Temperature, NOAA Atlas NESDIS, vol. 61, edited by S. Levitus, 182 pp., NOAA, Silver Spring, Md.
46. Loubere, P. (1994), Quantitative estimation of surface ocean productivity and bottom water oxygen concentration using benthic forami-nifera, Paleoceanography, 9, 723-737, doi:10.1029/94PA01624.
47. Loubere, P. (1996), The surface ocean productivity and bottom water oxygen signals in deep water benthic foraminiferal assemblages, Mar. Micropaleontol., 28, 247-261, doi:10.1016/0377-8398(96)00004-7. (Pubitemid 26368671)
48. Lukas, R. (1988), Interannual fluctuations of the Mindanao Current Inferred from sea level, J. Geophys. Res., 93(C6), 6744-6748, doi:10.1029/JC093iC06p06744.
49. Lukas, R., E. Firing, P. Hacker, P. L. Richardson, C. A. Collins, R. Fine, and R. Gammon (1991), Observations of the Mindanao Current during the Western Equatorial Pacific-Ocean Circulation Study, J. Geophys. Res., 96(C4), 7089-7104, doi:10.1029/91JC00062.
50. Lyon, B., H. Cristi, E. R. Verceles, F. D. Hilario, and R. Abastillas (2006), Seasonal reversal of the ENSO rainfall signal in the Philippines, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24710, doi:10.1029/ 2006GL028182.
51. Martin, P. A., and D. W. Lea (2002), A simple evaluation of cleaning procedures on fossil benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3(10), 8401, doi:10.1029/ 2001GC000280.
52. Masumoto, Y., and T. Yamagata (1991), Response of the Western Tropical Pacific to the Asian Winter Monsoon: The Generation of the Mindanao Dome, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21(9), 1386-1398, doi:10.1175/1520-0485 (1991)0212.0.CO;2.
53. Masuzawa, J. (1968), Second cruise for CSK, Ryofu Maru, January to March 1968, Oceanogr. Mag., 20, 173-185.
54. Mohtadi, M., S. Steinke, J. Groeneveld, H. G. Fink, T. Rixen, D. Hebbeln, B. Donner, and B. Herunadi (2009), Low-latitude control on seasonal and inter-annual changes in plank-tonic foraminiferal flux and shell geochemistry off south Java: A sediment trap study, Paleoceanography, 24, PA1201, doi:10.1029/ 2008PA001636.
55. Müller, A., and B. N. Opdyke (2000), Glacial- interglacial changes in nutrient utilization and paleoproductivity in the Indonesian Through-flow sensitive Timor Trough, easternmost Indian Ocean, Paleoceanography, 15(1), 85-94, doi:10.1029/1999PA900046.
56. Nadeau, M. J., M. Schleicher, P. M. Grootes, H. Erlenkeuser, A. Gottdang, D. J. W. Mous, J. M. Sarnthein, and H. Willkomm (1997), The Leibniz-Labor AMS facility at the Christian- Albrechts Univ., Kiel, Germany, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B, 123(1-4), 22-30, doi:10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00730-6. (Pubitemid 127413492)
57. Nakatsuka, T., N. Harada, E. Matsumoto, N. Handa, T. Oba, M. Ikehara, H. Matsuoka, and K. Kimoto (1995), Glacial-interglacial migration of an upwelling field in the Western Equatorial Pacific recorded by sediment 15N/14N, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2525-2528, doi:10.1029/95GL02544. (Pubitemid 26441286)
58. Oppo, D. W., and Y. B. Sun (2005), Amplitude and timing of sea-surface temperature change in the northern South China Sea: Dynamic link to the East Asian monsoon, Geology, 33(10), 785-788, doi:10.1130/G21867.1. (Pubitemid 41461796)
59. Oppo, D. W., B. K. Linsley, Y. Rosenthal, S. Dannenmann, and L. Beaufort (2003), Orbital and suborbital climate variability in the Sulu Sea, western tropical Pacific, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(1), 1003, doi:10.1029/ 2001GC000260.
60. Oppo, D. W., G. A. Schmidt, and A. N. LeGrande (2007), Seawater isotope constraints on tropical hydrology during the Holocene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13701, doi:10.1029/2007GL030017. (Pubitemid 47399652)
61. Partin, J. W., K. M. Cobb, J. F. Adkins, B. Clark, and D. P. Fernandez (2007), Millennial-scale trends in West Pacific Warm Pool hydrology since the Last Glacial Maximum, Nature, 449, 452-455, doi:10.1038/nature06164. (Pubitemid 47509550)
62. Qu, T. D., H. Mitsudera, and T. Yamagata (1999), A climatology of the circulation and water mass distribution near the Philippine coast, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29(7), 1488-1505, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1999)0292.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 30005637)
63. Qu, T., J. Gan, A. Ishida, Y. Kashino, and T. Tozuka (2008), Semiannual variation in the western tropical Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L16602, doi:10.1029/2008GL035058.
64. Ravelo, A. C., and R. G. Fairbanks (1992), Oxygen isotopic composition of multiple species of planktonic foraminifera: Recorders of the modern photic zone temperature gradient, Paleoceanography, 7, 815-832, doi:10.1029/ 92PA02092.
65. Rosenthal, Y., D. W. Oppo, and B. K. Linsley (2003), The amplitude and phasing of climate change during the last deglaciation in the Sulu Sea, western equatorial Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(8), 1428, doi:10.1029/2002GL016612.
66. Rosenthal, Y., et al. (2004), Interlaboratory comparison study of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca measurements in planktonic foraminifera for paleoceanographic research, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q04D09, doi:10.1029/ 2003GC000650.
67. Rousseau, D. D., N. Wu, Y. Pei, and F. Li (2009), Three exceptionally strong East-Asian summer monsoon events during glacial times in the past 470 kyr, Clim. Past, 5, 157-169, doi:10.5194/cp-5-157-2009.
68. Rudolf, B., A. Becker, U. Schneider, A. Meyer- Christoffer, and M. Ziese (2010), On the most recent gridded global data set issued in fall 2010 by the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC), GPCC Status Report, 7 pp.
69. Ruth, U., et al. (2007), "EDML1": A chronology for the EPICA deep ice core from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years, Clim. Past, 3, 475-484, doi:10.5194/ cp-3-475-2007. (Pubitemid 47230499)
70. Saikku, R., L. Stott, and R. Thunell (2009), A bi-polar signal recorded in the western tropical Pacific: Northern and Southern Hemisphere climate records from the Pacific warm pool during the last Ice Age, Quat. Sci. Rev., 28(23-24), 2374-2385, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009. 05.007.
71. Sakai, K., and R. Kawamura (2009), Remote response of the East Asian winter monsoon to tropical forcing related to El Niño-Southern Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D06105, doi:10.1029/2008JD010824.
72. Schleicher, M., P. M. Grootes, M. J. Nadeau, and A. Schoon (1998), The carbonate C-14 background and its components at the Leibniz AMS facility, Radiocarbon, 40(1), 85-93. (Pubitemid 29120773)
73. Schmidt, M. W., H. J. Spero, and D. W. Lea (2004), Links between salinity variation in the Caribbean and North Atlantic thermohaline circulation, Nature, 428, 160-163, doi: 10.1038/ nature02346. (Pubitemid 38374308)
74. Shackleton, N. J., and N. D. Opdyke (1973), Oxygen isotope and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy of equatorial Pacific core V28-238: Oxygen isotope temperatures and ice volumes on a 100 kyrs and 1000 kyrs scale, Quat. Res., 3(1), 39-54, doi:10.1016/0033-5894(73)90052-5.
75. Singer, B. S., H. Guillou, B. R. Jicha, C. Laj, C. Kissel, B. L. Beard, and C. M. Johnson (2009), 40Ar/39Ar, K-Ar and 230Th-238U dating of the Laschamp excursion: A radioisotopic tie-point for ice core and climate chronologies, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 286(1-2), 80-88, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.030.
76. Steinke, S., M. Mohtadi, J. Groeneveld, L.-C. Lin, L. Löwemark, M.-T. Chen, and R. Rendle-Bühring (2010), Reconstructing the southern South China Sea upper water column structure since the Last Glacial Maximum: Implications for the East Asian winter monsoon development, Paleoceanography, 25, PA2219, doi:10.1029/2009PA001850.
77. Stott, L., C. Poulsen, S. Lund, and R. Thunell (2002), Super ENSO and global climate oscillations at millennial time scales, Science, 297, 222-226, doi:10.1126/science.1071627. (Pubitemid 34761278)
78. Stott, L., K. Cannariato, R. Thunell, G. H. Haug, A. Koutavas, and S. Lund (2004), Decline of surface temperature and salinity in the western tropical Pacific Ocean in the Holocene epoch, Nature, 431, 56-59, doi:10.1038/ nature02903. (Pubitemid 39215105)
79. Stott, L., A. Timmermann, and R. Thunell (2007), Southern Hemisphere and deep-sea warming led deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise and tropical warming, Science, 318, 435-438, doi:10.1126/science.1143791. (Pubitemid 47614525)
80. Svensson, A., et al. (2008), A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology, Clim. Past, 4,47-57, doi: 10.5194/cp-4-47-2008. (Pubitemid 351468294)
81. Széréméta, N., F. Bassinot, Y. Balut, L. Labeyrie, and M. Pagel (2004), Oversampling of sedimentary series collected by giant piston corer: Evidence and corrections based on 3.5-kHz chirp profiles, Paleoceanography, 19, PA1005, doi:10.1029/2002PA000795.
82. Takahashi, T. (1959), Hydrographical researches in the western equatorial Pacific, Mem. Fac. Fish. Kagoshima Univ., 7, 141-147.
83. Thevenon, F., E. Bard, D. Williamson, and L. Beaufort (2004), A biomass burning record from the West Equatorial Pacific over the last 360 ky: Methodological, climatic and anthropic implications, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 213(1-2), 83-99, doi:10.1016/j. palaeo.2004.07.003. (Pubitemid 39270633)
84. Thunell, R. C., and L. A. Reynolds (1984), Sedimentation of planktonic foraminifera: Seasonal changes in species flux in the Panama Basin, Micropaleontology, 30, 243-262, doi:10.2307/ 1485688.
85. Toole, J. M., R. C. Millard, Z. Wang, and S. Pu (1990), Observations of the Pacific North Equatorial Current Bifurcation at the Philippine Coast, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20(2), 307-318, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1990)0202.0.CO;2.
86. Tozuka, T., T. Kagimoto, Y. Masumoto, and T. Yamagata (2002), Simulated multiscale variations in the western tropical Pacific: The Mindanao Dome revisited, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32(5), 1338-1359, doi:10.1175/1520-0485 (2002)0322.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 34674448)
87. Udarbe-Walker, M. J. B., and C. L. Villanoy (2001), Structure of potential upwelling areas in the Philippines, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 48(6), 1499-1518, doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(00) 00100-X. (Pubitemid 32300218)
88. Visser, K., R. Thunell, and L. Stott (2003), Magnitude and timing of temperature change in the Indopacific warm pool during deglaciation, Nature, 421, 152-155, doi:10.1038/ nature01297. (Pubitemid 36090978)
89. Waelbroeck, C., L. Labeyrie, E. Michel, J. C. Duplessy, J. F. McManus, K. Lambeck, E. Balbon, and M. Labracherie (2002), Sea- level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev., 21(1-3), 295-305, doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00101-9. (Pubitemid 34067518)
90. Wang, B., R. G. Wu, and X. H. Fu (2000), Pacific-East Asian teleconnection: How does ENSO affect East Asian climate?, J. Clim., 13(9), 1517-1536, doi:10.1175/1520-0442 (2000)0132.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 30416750)
91. Wang, B., I. S. Kang, and J. Y. Lee (2004), Ensemble simulations of Asian-Australian monsoon variability by 11 AGCMs, J. Clim., 17(4), 803-818, doi:10.1175/1520-0442 (2004)0172.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 38454135)
92. Wijffels, S., E. Firing, and J. Toole (1995), The Mean Structure and Variability of the Mindanao Current at 8-Degrees-N, J. Geophys. Res., 100(C9), 18,421-18,435, doi:10.1029/ 95JC01347.
93. Xiang, R., Y. Sun, T. Li, D. W. Oppo, M. Chen, and F. Zheng (2007), Paleoenvironmental change in the middle Okinawa Trough since the last deglaciation: Evidence from the sedimentation rate and planktonic foraminiferal record, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 243, 378-393, doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006. 08.016. (Pubitemid 44937359)
94. Xiao, J. L., Z. S. An, T. S. Liu, Y. Inouchi, H. Kumai, S. Yoshikawa, and Y. Kondo (1999), East Asian monsoon variation during the last 130,000 Years: Evidence from the Loess Plateau of central China and Lake Biwa of Japan, Quat. Sci. Rev., 18(1), 147-157, doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(97)00097-8. (Pubitemid 129668704)
95. Xu, J., W. Kuhnt, A. Holbourn, N. Andersen, and G. Bartoli (2006), Changes in the vertical profile of the Indonesian Throughflow during Termination II: Evidence from the Timor Sea, Paleoceanography, 21, PA4202, doi:10.1029/2006PA001278. (Pubitemid 47272031)
96. Xu, J., W. Kuhnt, A. Holbourn, M. Regenberg, and N. Andersen (2010), Indopacific Warm Pool variability during the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum, Paleoceanography, 25, PA4230, doi:10.1029/2010PA001934.
97. Yamagata, T., Y. Shibao, and S. Umatani (1985), Interannual Variability of the Kuroshio Extension and its relation to the Southern Oscillation/El Niño, J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn, 41, 274-281, doi:10.1007/BF02109276.
98. Zhang, Y. G., J. Ji, W. L. Balsam, L. Liu, and J. Chen (2007), High resolution hematite and goethite records from ODP 1143, South China Sea: Co-evolution of monsoonal precipitation and El Niño over the past 600,000 years, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 264(1-2), 136-150, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09. 022. (Pubitemid 350082132)
99. Zhang, Y. G., J. F. Ji, W. Balsam, L. W. Liu, and J. Chen (2009), Mid-Pliocene Asian monsoon intensification and the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation, Geology, 37(7), 599-602, doi:10.1130/G25670A.1.
100. Zuraida, R., A. Holbourn, D. Nürnberg, W. Kuhnt, A. Dürkop, and A. Erichsen (2009), Evidence for Indonesian Throughflow slowdown during Heinrich events 3-5, Paleoceanography, 24, PA2205, doi:10.1029/ 2008PA001653.