메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 139, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1025-1033

The influence of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status on end-of-life care in the ICU

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGED; AMERICAN INDIAN; ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DOCTOR PATIENT RELATION; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; ETHNICITY; FAMILY RELATION; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HEALTH INSURANCE; HISPANIC; HUMAN; INCOME; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; LIFE SUSTAINING TREATMENT; LIVING WILL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION; MEDICAL RECORD; PACIFIC ISLANDER; PATIENT EDUCATION; PATIENT PREFERENCE; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RACE; RACE DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL STATUS; SUPPORT GROUP; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TERMINAL CARE; TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL;

EID: 79952173988     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: 19313543     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-3011     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (164)

References (57)
  • 2
    • 0035837038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial disparities in medical care
    • Epstein AM, Ayanian JZ. Racial disparities in medical care. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(19):1471-1473.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , Issue.19 , pp. 1471-1473
    • Epstein, A.M.1    Ayanian, J.Z.2
  • 3
    • 84942480875 scopus 로고
    • Racial variation in cardiac procedure use and survival following acute myocardial infarction in the Department of Veterans Affairs
    • DOI 10.1001/jama.271.15.1175
    • Peterson ED, Wright SM, Daley J, Thibault GE. Racial variation in cardiac procedure use and survival following acute myocardial infarction in the Department of Veterans Affairs. JAMA. 1994;271(15):1175-1180. (Pubitemid 24112997)
    • (1994) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.271 , Issue.15 , pp. 1175-1180
    • Peterson, E.D.1    Wright, S.M.2    Daley, J.3    Thibault, G.E.4
  • 5
    • 0033554709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the treatment of early-stage lung cancer
    • DOI 10.1056/NEJM199910143411606
    • Bach PB, Cramer LD, Warren JL, Begg CB. Racial differences in the treatment of early-stage lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(16):1198-1205. (Pubitemid 29480659)
    • (1999) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.341 , Issue.16 , pp. 1198-1205
    • Bach, P.B.1    Cramer, L.D.2    Warren, J.L.3    Begg, C.B.4
  • 6
    • 0034020761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of patient race on outcomes in seriously ill patients in SUPPORT: An overview of economic impact, medical intervention, and end-of- life decisions
    • Borum ML, Lynn J, Zhong Z; Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. The effects of patient race on outcomes in seriously ill patients in SUPPORT: an overview of economic impact, medical intervention, and end-of-life decisions. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48(5 suppl):S194-S198. (Pubitemid 30266014)
    • (2000) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.48 , Issue.5 SUPPL.
    • Borum, M.L.1    Lynn, J.2    Zhong, Z.3    Phillips, R.S.4    Hamel, M.B.5    Covinsky, K.E.6    Lynn, J.7
  • 7
    • 0028964523 scopus 로고
    • African-American and white patients admitted to the intensive care unit: Is there a difference in therapy and outcome?
    • Williams JF, Zimmerman JE, Wagner DP, Hawkins M, Knaus WA. African-American and white patients admitted to the intensive care unit: is there a difference in therapy and outcome? Crit Care Med. 1995;23(4):626-636.
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 626-636
    • Williams, J.F.1    Zimmerman, J.E.2    Wagner, D.P.3    Hawkins, M.4    Knaus, W.A.5
  • 8
    • 33751077493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial variation in end-of-life intensive care use: A race or hospital effect?
    • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ICU End-of-Life Peer Group
    • Barnato AE, Berhane Z, Weissfeld LA, Chang CC, Linde- Zwirble WT, Angus DC; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ICU End-of-Life Peer Group. Racial variation in end-of-life intensive care use: a race or hospital effect? Health Serv Res. 2006;41(6):2219-2237.
    • (2006) Health Serv Res , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 2219-2237
    • Barnato, A.E.1    Berhane, Z.2    Weissfeld, L.A.3    Chang, C.C.4    Linde- Zwirble, W.T.5    Angus, D.C.6
  • 9
    • 0037906210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and the intensive care unit: Disparities and preferences for end-of-life care
    • Degenholtz HB, Thomas SB, Miller MJ. Race and the intensive care unit: disparities and preferences for end-of-life care. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(5 suppl):S373-S378. (Pubitemid 36583827)
    • (2003) Critical Care Medicine , vol.31 , Issue.5 SUPPL.
    • Degenholtz, H.B.1    Thomas, S.B.2    Miller, M.J.3
  • 10
    • 1542509851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of intensive care at the end of life in the United States: An epidemiologic study
    • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ICU End-Of-Life Peer Group
    • Angus DC, Barnato AE, Linde-Zwirble WT, et al; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ICU End-Of-Life Peer Group. Use of intensive care at the end of life in the United States: an epidemiologic study. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(3):638-643.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 638-643
    • Angus, D.C.1    Barnato, A.E.2    Linde-Zwirble, W.T.3
  • 12
    • 26044439921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current research findings on end-of-life decision making among racially or ethnically diverse groups
    • Kwak J, Haley WE. Current research findings on end-of-life decision making among racially or ethnically diverse groups. Gerontologist. 2005;45(5):634-641. (Pubitemid 41407529)
    • (2005) Gerontologist , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 634-641
    • Kwak, J.1    Haley, W.E.2
  • 13
    • 0037313546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaching the end of life: Attitudes, preferences, and behaviors of African-American and white patients and their family caregivers
    • DOI 10.1200/JCO.2003.12.080
    • Phipps E, True G, Harris D, et al. Approaching the end of life: attitudes, preferences, and behaviors of African-American and white patients and their family caregivers. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(3):549-554. (Pubitemid 46606486)
    • (2003) Journal of Clinical Oncology , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 549-554
    • Phipps, E.1    True, G.2    Harris, D.3    Chong, U.4    Tester, W.5    Chavin, S.I.6    Braitman, L.E.7
  • 14
    • 24344476731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • End-of-life care in black and white: Race matters for medical care of dying patients and their families
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53357.x
    • Welch LC, Teno JM, Mor V. End-of-life care in black and white: race matters for medical care of dying patients and their families. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(7):1145-1153. (Pubitemid 41632515)
    • (2005) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.53 , Issue.7 , pp. 1145-1153
    • Welch, L.C.1    Teno, J.M.2    Mor, V.3
  • 15
    • 73949107881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in predictors of intensive end-of-life care in patients with advanced cancer
    • Loggers ET, Maciejewski PK, Paulk E, et al. Racial differences in predictors of intensive end-of-life care in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(33):5559-5564.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , Issue.33 , pp. 5559-5564
    • Loggers, E.T.1    Maciejewski, P.K.2    Paulk, E.3
  • 16
    • 62349090120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic differences in end-of-life costs: Why do minorities cost more than whites?
    • Hanchate A, Kronman AC, Young-Xu Y, Ash AS, Emanuel E. Racial and ethnic differences in end-of-life costs: why do minorities cost more than whites? Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(5):493-501.
    • (2009) Arch Intern Med , vol.169 , Issue.5 , pp. 493-501
    • Hanchate, A.1    Kronman, A.C.2    Young-Xu, Y.3    Ash, A.S.4    Emanuel, E.5
  • 17
    • 38849189887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial variation in the incidence, care, and outcomes of severe sepsis: Analysis of population, patient, and hospital characteristics
    • DOI 10.1164/rccm.200703-480OC
    • Barnato AE, Alexander SL, Linde-Zwirble WT, Angus DC. Racial variation in the incidence, care, and outcomes of severe sepsis: analysis of population, patient, and hospital characteristics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177(3):279-284. (Pubitemid 351198370)
    • (2008) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , vol.177 , Issue.3 , pp. 279-284
    • Barnato, A.E.1    Alexander, S.L.2    Linde-Zwirble, W.T.3    Angus, D.C.4
  • 18
    • 77952310598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An official American Thoracic Society systematic review: The association between health insurance status and access, care delivery, and outcomes for critically ill patients: A systematic review
    • Fowler RNL, Thornton JD, Pinto R, et al. An official American Thoracic Society systematic review: the association between health insurance status and access, care delivery, and outcomes for critically ill patients: a systematic review. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181(9):1003-1011.
    • (2010) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.181 , Issue.9 , pp. 1003-1011
    • Fowler, R.N.L.1    Thornton, J.D.2    Pinto, R.3
  • 19
    • 79551539486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a quality improvement intervention on end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: A randomized trial
    • Curtis JR, Nielsen EL, Treece PD, et al. Effect of a quality improvement intervention on end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(3):348-355.
    • (2011) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.183 , Issue.3 , pp. 348-355
    • Curtis, J.R.1    Nielsen, E.L.2    Treece, P.D.3
  • 20
    • 43049123808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An approach to understanding the interaction of hope and desire for explicit prognostic information among individuals with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or advanced cancer
    • DOI 10.1089/jpm.2007.0209
    • Curtis JR, Engelberg R, Young JP, et al. An approach to understanding the interaction of hope and desire for explicit prognostic information among individuals with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or advanced cancer. J Palliat Med. 2008;11(4):610-620. (Pubitemid 351630198)
    • (2008) Journal of Palliative Medicine , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 610-620
    • Curtis, J.R.1    Engelberg, R.2    Young, J.P.3    Vig, L.K.4    Reinke, L.F.5    Wenrich, M.D.6    McGrath, B.7    McCown, E.8    Back, A.L.9
  • 21
    • 33750291178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating palliative and critical care: Description of an intervention
    • Treece PD, Engelberg RA, Shannon SE, et al. Integrating palliative and critical care: description of an intervention. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(11 suppl):S380-S387.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , Issue.11 SUPPL.
    • Treece, P.D.1    Engelberg, R.A.2    Shannon, S.E.3
  • 22
    • 41649112702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the medical record to evaluate the quality of end-of-life care in the intensive care unit
    • DOI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318168f301, PII 0000324620080400000016
    • Glavan BJ, Engelberg RA, Downey L, Curtis JR. Using the medical record to evaluate the quality of end-of-life care in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(4):1138-1146. (Pubitemid 351482662)
    • (2008) Critical Care Medicine , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 1138-1146
    • Glavan, B.J.1    Engelberg, R.A.2    Downey, L.3    Curtis, J.R.4
  • 23
    • 0036675810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of patient socioeconomic status on physician profiles for prevention, disease management, and diagnostic testing costs
    • Franks P, Fiscella K. Effect of patient socioeconomic status on physician profiles for prevention, disease management, and diagnostic testing costs. Med Care. 2002;40(8):717-724.
    • (2002) Med Care , vol.40 , Issue.8 , pp. 717-724
    • Franks, P.1    Fiscella, K.2
  • 24
    • 0035234224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of patient socioeconomic status on physician profiles: A comparison of census-derived and individual measures
    • Fiscella K, Franks P. Impact of patient socioeconomic status on physician profiles: a comparison of census-derived and individual measures. Med Care. 2001;39(1):8-14. (Pubitemid 33613278)
    • (2001) Medical Care , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-14
    • Fiscella, K.1    Franks, P.2
  • 25
    • 51649123753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic differences in advance care planning among patients with cancer: Impact of terminal illness acknowledgment, religiousness, and treatment preferences
    • Smith AK, McCarthy EP, Paulk E, et al. Racial and ethnic differences in advance care planning among patients with cancer: impact of terminal illness acknowledgment, religiousness, and treatment preferences. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(25):4131-4137.
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , Issue.25 , pp. 4131-4137
    • Smith, A.K.1    McCarthy, E.P.2    Paulk, E.3
  • 26
    • 58149240143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discussion as a factor in racial disparity in advance directive completion at nursing home admission
    • Rich SE, Gruber-Baldini AL, Quinn CC, Zimmerman SI. Discussion as a factor in racial disparity in advance directive completion at nursing home admission. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(1):146-152.
    • (2009) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 146-152
    • Rich, S.E.1    Gruber-Baldini, A.L.2    Quinn, C.C.3    Zimmerman, S.I.4
  • 29
    • 0036173254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of racial disparities in advance care plan documents among nursing home residents
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50073.x
    • Degenholtz HB, Arnold RA, Meisel A, Lave JR. Persistence of racial disparities in advance care plan documents among nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(2):378-381. (Pubitemid 34132442)
    • (2002) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 378-381
    • Degenholtz, H.B.1    Arnold, R.A.2    Meisel, A.3    Lave, J.R.4
  • 32
    • 0034748757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and state differences in the designation of advance directives in nursing home residents
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49263.x
    • Kiely DK, Mitchell SL, Marlow A, Murphy KM, Morris JN. Racial and state differences in the designation of advance directives in nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49(10):1346-1352. (Pubitemid 33015212)
    • (2001) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.49 , Issue.10 , pp. 1346-1352
    • Kiely, D.K.1    Mitchell, S.L.2    Marlow, A.3    Murphy, K.M.4    Morris, J.N.5
  • 33
    • 0030460429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in end-of-life decision making among black and white ambulatory cancer patients
    • McKinley ED, Garrett JM, Evans AT, Danis M. Differences in end-of-life decision making among black and white ambulatory cancer patients. J Gen Intern Med. 1996;11(11):651-656. (Pubitemid 26425481)
    • (1996) Journal of General Internal Medicine , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 651-656
    • McKinley, E.D.1    Garrett, J.M.2    Evans, A.T.3    Danis, M.4
  • 34
    • 53149113430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What explains racial differences in the use of advance directives and attitudes toward hospice care?
    • Johnson KS, Kuchibhatla M, Tulsky JA. What explains racial differences in the use of advance directives and attitudes toward hospice care? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(10):1953-1958.
    • (2008) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.56 , Issue.10 , pp. 1953-1958
    • Johnson, K.S.1    Kuchibhatla, M.2    Tulsky, J.A.3
  • 35
    • 35748935834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes and preferences of Korean-American older adults and caregivers on end-of-life care
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01394.x
    • Kwak J, Salmon JR. Attitudes and preferences of Korean- American older adults and caregivers on end-of-life care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(11):1867-1872. (Pubitemid 350043769)
    • (2007) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.55 , Issue.11 , pp. 1867-1872
    • Kwak, J.1    Salmon, J.R.2
  • 37
    • 33746361225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental contexts of ultimate decisions: Why white nursing home residents are twice as likely as African American residents to have an advance directive
    • Troyer JL, McAuley WJ. Environmental contexts of ultimate decisions: why white nursing home residents are twice as likely as African American residents to have an advance directive. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2006;61(4):S194-S202. (Pubitemid 44115209)
    • (2006) Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences , vol.61 , Issue.4
    • Troyer, J.L.1    McAuley, W.J.2
  • 38
    • 77950494853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advance directives and outcomes of surrogate decision making before death
    • Silveira MJ, Kim SY, Langa KM. Advance directives and outcomes of surrogate decision making before death. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(13):1211-1218.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , Issue.13 , pp. 1211-1218
    • Silveira, M.J.1    Kim, S.Y.2    Langa, K.M.3
  • 39
    • 33846587942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between advance directives and quality of end-of-life care: A national study
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01045.x
    • Teno JM, Gruneir A, Schwartz Z, Nanda A, Wetle T. Association between advance directives and quality of end-of-life care: a national study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(2):189-194. (Pubitemid 46184393)
    • (2007) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-194
    • Teno, J.M.1    Gruneir, A.2    Schwartz, Z.3    Nanda, A.4    Wetle, T.5
  • 40
    • 77951046282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of advance care planning on end of life care in elderly patients: Randomised controlled trial
    • Accessed February 18, 2011
    • Detering KM, Hancock AD, Reade MC, Silvester W. The impact of advance care planning on end of life care in elderly patients: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2010;340:c1345. http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c1345. Accessed February 18, 2011.
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340
    • Detering, K.M.1    Hancock, A.D.2    Reade, M.C.3    Silvester, W.4
  • 42
    • 0027619771 scopus 로고
    • The influence of ethnicity and race on attitudes toward advance directives, life-prolonging treatments, and euthanasia
    • Caralis PV, Davis B, Wright K, Marcial E. The influence of ethnicity and race on attitudes toward advance directives, life-prolonging treatments, and euthanasia. J Clin Ethics. 1993;4(2):155-165.
    • (1993) J Clin Ethics , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-165
    • Caralis, P.V.1    Davis, B.2    Wright, K.3    Marcial, E.4
  • 44
    • 0034853175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in a neurology/neurosurgery intensive care unit
    • Diringer MN, Edwards DF, Aiyagari V, Hollingsworth H. Factors associated with withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in a neurology/neurosurgery intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(9):1792-1797. (Pubitemid 32848383)
    • (2001) Critical Care Medicine , vol.29 , Issue.9 , pp. 1792-1797
    • Diringer, M.N.1    Edwards, D.F.2    Aiyagari, V.3    Hollingsworth, H.4
  • 45
    • 0029818096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in the use of do-not-resuscitate orders in ICUS. Findings from a national study
    • Jayes RL, Zimmerman JE, Wagner DP, Knaus WA. Variations in the use of do-not-resuscitate orders in ICUS. Findings from a national study. Chest. 1996;110(5):1332-1339.
    • (1996) Chest , vol.110 , Issue.5 , pp. 1332-1339
    • Jayes, R.L.1    Zimmerman, J.E.2    Wagner, D.P.3    Knaus, W.A.4
  • 47
    • 79952144301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of race and ethnicity on outcomes among patients in the intensive care unit: A comprehensive study involving socio-economic status and resuscitation preferences
    • Erickson SE, Vasilevskis EE, Kuzniewicz MW, et al. The effect of race and ethnicity on outcomes among patients in the intensive care unit: a comprehensive study involving socio-economic status and resuscitation preferences. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(3):429-435.
    • (2011) Crit Care Med , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 429-435
    • Erickson, S.E.1    Vasilevskis, E.E.2    Kuzniewicz, M.W.3
  • 48
    • 33744986712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic disparities in medical history taking: Detecting substance use among low-income pregnant women
    • Kerker BD, Leventhal JM, Schlesinger M, Horwitz SM. Racial and ethnic disparities in medical history taking: detecting substance use among low-income pregnant women. Ethn Dis. 2006;16(1):28-34. (Pubitemid 46964313)
    • (2006) Ethnicity and Disease , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-34
    • Kerker, B.D.1    Leventhal, J.M.2    Schlesinger, M.3    Horwitz, S.M.4
  • 49
    • 0035142192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Families looking back: One year after discussion of withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining support
    • Abbott KH, Sago JG, Breen CM, Abernethy AP, Tulsky JA. Families looking back: one year after discussion of withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining support. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(1):197-201. (Pubitemid 32125798)
    • (2001) Critical Care Medicine , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 197-201
    • Abbott, K.H.1    Sago, J.G.2    Breen, C.M.3    Abernethy, A.P.4    Tulsky, J.A.5
  • 50
    • 0035723108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict associated with decisions to limit life-sustaining treatment in intensive care units
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.00419.x
    • Breen CM, Abernethy AP, Abbott KH, Tulsky JA. Conflict associated with decisions to limit life-sustaining treatment in intensive care units. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(5):283-289. (Pubitemid 34205663)
    • (2001) Journal of General Internal Medicine , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 283-289
    • Breen, C.M.1    Abernethy, A.P.2    Abbott, K.H.3    Tulsky, J.A.4
  • 52
    • 0032932643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of physician race, age, and gender on physician attitudes toward advance care directives and preferences for end-of-life decision- making
    • Mebane EW, Oman RF, Kroonen LT, Goldstein MK. The influence of physician race, age, and gender on physician attitudes toward advance care directives and preferences for end-of-life decision-making. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47(5):579-591. (Pubitemid 29215587)
    • (1999) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.47 , Issue.5 , pp. 579-591
    • Mebane, E.W.1    Oman, R.F.2    Kroonen, L.T.3    Goldstein, M.K.4
  • 53
    • 0242351852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unequal burden of pain: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain
    • Green CR, Anderson KO, Baker TA, et al. The unequal burden of pain: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain. Pain Med. 2003;4(3):277-294.
    • (2003) Pain Med , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-294
    • Green, C.R.1    Anderson, K.O.2    Baker, T.A.3
  • 55
    • 0035220150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjustment of physician profiles for patient socio-economic status using aggregate geographic data
    • Hofer TP. Adjustment of physician profiles for patient socio-economic status using aggregate geographic data. Med Care. 2001;39(1):4-7.
    • (2001) Med Care , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-7
    • Hofer, T.P.1
  • 56
    • 73149116425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential for response bias in family surveys about end-of-life care in the ICU
    • Kross EK, Engelberg RA, Shannon SE, Curtis JR. Potential for response bias in family surveys about end-of-life care in the ICU. Chest. 2009;136(6):1496-1502.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.136 , Issue.6 , pp. 1496-1502
    • Kross, E.K.1    Engelberg, R.A.2    Shannon, S.E.3    Curtis, J.R.4
  • 57
    • 10344260879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resurrecting treatment histories of dead patients: A study design that should be laid to rest
    • DOI 10.1001/jama.292.22.2765
    • Bach PB, Schrag D, Begg CB. Resurrecting treatment histories of dead patients: a study design that should be laid to rest. JAMA. 2004;292(22):2765- 2770. (Pubitemid 39628256)
    • (2004) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.292 , Issue.22 , pp. 2765-2770
    • Bach, P.B.1    Schrag, D.2    Begg, C.B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.