Pharmacological and electrical stimulation in chronic disorders of consciousness: New insights and future directions

Brain Injury

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 315-327

  Oliveira, Lais ^a,b   Fregni, Felipe ^a,b  

^a and Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

anoxia; minimally conscious state; outcome; therapy; traumatic brain injury; Vegetative state

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; BACLOFEN; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; GABAERGIC RECEPTOR AFFECTING AGENT; LEVODOPA; ZOLPIDEM;

ADVERSE OUTCOME; ARTICLE; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHRONIC DISEASE; CONSCIOUSNESS DISORDER; ELECTROSTIMULATION THERAPY; HUMAN; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; SPINAL CORD STIMULATION; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; TREATMENT DURATION;

EID: 79952157820     PISSN: 02699052     EISSN: 1362301X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2011.556103     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Jennett B, Plum F. Persistent vegetative state after brain damage. A syndrome in search of a name. Lancet 1972;1: 734-737.
2. Giacino JT, Ashwal S, Childs N, Cranford R, Jennett B, Katz DI, Kelly JP, Rosenberg JH, Whyte J, Zafonte RD, et al. The minimally conscious state: Definition and diagnostic criteria. Neurology 2002;58:349-353. (Pubitemid 34150906)
3. The Multi-Society Task Force on PVS. Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state (1). New England Journal of Medicine 1994;330:1499-1508.
4. Strauss DJ, Ashwal S, Day SM, Shavelle RM. Life expectancy of children in vegetative and minimally conscious states. Pediatric Neurology 2000;23:312-319.
5. Laureys S, Owen AM, Schiff ND. Brain function in coma, vegetative state, and related disorders. Lancet Neurology 2004;3:537-546. (Pubitemid 39485860)
6. Shames JL, Ring H. Transient reversal of anoxic brain injury-related minimally conscious state after zolpidem administra-tion: A case report. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008;89:386-388.
7. Monti MM, Coleman MR, Owen AM. Neuroimaging and the vegetative state: Resolving the behavioral assessment dilemma? Annals of the New York Academy of Scienc 2009;1157:81-89.
8. Portney LG, Watkins MP. Systematic review and meta-analysis. In: Cohen M, editor. Foundations of clinical research: Applications to practice. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Julie Levin Alexander; 2008. pp 357-381.
9. Moseley AM, Herbert RD, Sherrington C, Maher CG Evidence for physiotherapy practice: A survey of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 2002;48:43-49. (Pubitemid 34240086)
10. Kalmar K, Giacino JT. The JFK. Coma Recovery Scale-Revised. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2005;15: 454-460.
11. Matsuda W, Matsumura A, Komatsu Y, Yanaka K, Nose T. Awakenings from persistent vegetative state: Report of three cases with parkinsonism and brain stem lesions on MRI. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2003;74: 1571-1573.
12. Schnakers C, Hustinx R, Vandewalle G, Majerus S, Moonen G, Boly M, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Laureys S. Measuring the effect of amantadine in chronic anoxic minimally conscious state. Journal Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2008;79:225-227. (Pubitemid 351236567)
13. Clauss R, Nel W. Drug induced arousal from the per-manent vegetative state. NeuroRehabilitation 2006;21: 23-28.
14. Singh R, McDonald C, Dawson K, Lewis S, Pringle AM, Smith S, Pentland B. Zolpidem in a minimally conscious state. Brain Injury 2008;22:103-106.
15. Sara M, Pistoia F, Mura E, Onorati P, Govoni S. Intrathecal baclofen in patients with persistent vegetative state: 2 hypotheses. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2009;90:1245-1249.
16. Schiff ND, Giacino JT, Kalmar K, Victor JD, Baker K, Gerber M, Fritz B, Eisenberg B, Biondi T, O'Connor J, et al. Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury. Nature 2007;448:600-603. (Pubitemid 47206940)
17. Kanno T, Morita I, Yamaguchi S, Yokoyama T, Kamei Y, Anil SM, Karagiozov KL. Dorsal column stimulation in persistent vegetative state. Neuromodulation 2009;12:33-38.
18. Noda R, Maeda Y, Yoshino A. Effects of musicokinetic therapy and spinal cord stimulation on patients in a persistent vegetative state. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement 2003;87: 23-26.
19. Wu TS, Garmel GM. Improved neurological function after Amantadine treatment in two patients with brain injury. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2005;28:289-292. (Pubitemid 40363911)
20. Whyte J, Katz D, Long D, DiPasquale MC, Polansky M, Kalmar K, Giacino J, Childs N, Mercer W, Novak P, et al. Predictors of outcome in prolonged posttraumatic disorders of consciousness and assessment of medication effects: A multicenter study. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2005;86:453-462. (Pubitemid 40326626)
21. Krimchansky BZ, Keren O, Sazbon L, Groswasser Z. Differential time and related appearance of signs, indicating improvement in the state of consciousness in vegetative state traumatic brain injury (VS-TBI) patients after initiation of dopamine treatment. Brain Injury 2004;18:1099-1105. (Pubitemid 39368970)
22. Yamamoto T, Katayama Y. Deep brain stimulation therapy for the vegetative state. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2005;15:406-413. (Pubitemid 41248346)
23. Laureys S, Faymonville ME, Luxen A, Lamy M, Franck G, Maquet P. Restoration of thalamocortical connectivity after recovery from persistent vegetative state. Lancet 2000;355: 1790-1791. (Pubitemid 30265088)
24. Fridman EA, Calvar J, Bonetto M, Gamzu E, Krimchansky BZ, Meli F, Leiguarda RC, Zafonte R. Fast awakening from minimally conscious state with apomor-phine. Brain Inury 2009;23:172-177.
25. Royal College of Physicians. The vegetative state: Guidance on diagnosis and management. Clinical Medicine 2003;3: 249-254.
26. Giacino JT. The minimally conscious state: Defining the borders of consciousness. Progress in Brain Research 2005;150:381-395. (Pubitemid 41381565)
27. Laureys S, Giacino JT, Schiff ND, Schabus M, Owen AM. How should functional imaging of patients with disor-ders of consciousness contribute to their clinical reha-bilitation needs? Current Opinion in Neurology 2006;19: 520-527. (Pubitemid 44760433)
28. Schiff ND. Measurements and models ofcerebral function in the severely injured brain. Journal of Neurotrauma 2006;23: 1436-1449. (Pubitemid 46489604)
29. Boly M, Faymonville ME, Peigneux P, Lambermont B, Damas P, Del Fiore G, Degueldre C, Franck G, Luxen A, Lamy M, et al. Auditory processing in severely brain injured patients: Differences between the minimally conscious state and the persistent vegetative state. Archives of Neurology 2004;61:233-238. (Pubitemid 38197557)
30. Kobylarz EJ, Schiff ND. Neurophysiological correlates of persistent vegetative and minimally conscious states. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2005;15:323-232.
31. Di H, Boly M, Weng X, Ledoux D, Laureys S. Neuroimaging activation studies in the vegetative state: Predictors of recovery? Clinical Medicine 2008;8: 502-507
32. Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. 2009 08/02/2010. Levels of evidence. Available online at: http://www.cebm.net/?o=1025, accessed 8 February 2010.