Hepatic encephalopathy

Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica

Volumn 73, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 457-464

  Haussinger D ^a  

^a HEINRICH HEINE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Ammonia; Astrocytes; Cirrhosis; Critical flicker frequency; Low grade cerebral edema; Minimal hepatic encephalopathy; Oxidative stress; Rna oxidation

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID; DIURETIC AGENT; ENEMA; FLUMAZENIL; GLUTAMINE; LACTULOSE; ORNITHINE ASPARTATE; RIFAXIMIN; RNA; SEDATIVE AGENT; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TYROSINE; VEGETABLE PROTEIN; ZINC;

ACUTE DISEASE; ARTICLE; ASTROCYTE; BLEEDING; BRAIN EDEMA; BRAIN FUNCTION; CELL SWELLING; CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CRITICAL FLICKER FUSION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFICACY; ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCE; EVOKED RESPONSE; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMAN; HYPONATREMIA; INFECTION; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NITROSATIVE STRESS; NONHUMAN; OSCILLATORY POTENTIAL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN DIET; PSYCHOMETRY; PSYCHOMOTOR DISORDER; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYMPTOM; VOMITING; WEST HAVEN CRITERIA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMANS;

EID: 79952128853     PISSN: 00015644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. HAUSSINGER D., BLEI A.T. Hepatic encephalopathy. In: The Textbook of Hepatology (Rodes J. et al., eds). pp. 728-760 Blackwell Publ Ltd, 2007.
2. HÄUSSINGER D., SCHLIESS F. Pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy. Gut, 2008, 57: 1156-1165.
3. FERENCI P., LOCKWOOD A., MULLEN K., TARTER R., WEISSENBORN K., BLEI A.T. Hepatic encephalopathy - definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna 1998. Hepatology, 2002, 35: 716-21.
4. GROENEWEG M., QUERO J.C., DE BRUIN I., HARTMANN I.J., ESSINKBOT M.L., HOP WC., SCHALM S.W. Subclinical hepatic encephalopathy impairs daily functioning. Hepatology, 1998, 28: 45-9.
5. KIRCHEIS G., KNOCHE A., HILGER N., MANHART F., SCHNITZLER A., SCHULZE H., HÄUSSINGER D. Hepatic encephalopathy and fitness to drive. Gastroenterology, 2009, 137: 1706-1715.
6. NORENBERG M. D. Astrocytic-ammonia interactions in hepatic encephalopathy. Semin. Liver Dis., 1996, 16: 245-53.
7. HÄUSSINGER D., LAUBENBERGER J., Vom Dahl S., ERNST T., BAYER S., LANGER M., GEROK W., HENNIG J. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies on human brain myo-inositol in hypo-osmolarity and hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology, 1994, 107: 1475-80.
8. SHAH N.J., NEEB H., KIRCHEIS G., ENGELS P., HÄUSSINGER D., ZILLES K. Quantitative cerebral water content mapping in hepatic encephalopathy. NeuroImage, 2008, 41: 706-713.
9. HÄUSSINGER D., KIRCHEIS G., FISCHER R., Vom Dahl S. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: a clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low grade cerebral edema. J. Hepatol., 2000, 32: 1035-8.
10. SHAWCROSS D.L., BALATA S., OLDEDAMINK S.W., HAYES P.C., WARDLAW J., MARSHALL I., DEUTZ N.E., WILLIAMS R., JALAN R. Low myo-inositol and high glutamine levels in brain are associated with neuropsychological deterioration after induced hyperammonemia. Am. J. Physiol., 2004, 287: G503-G509.
11. MURTHY C.R., RAMARAO K.V., BAI G., NORENBERG M.D. Ammonia-induced production of free radicals in primary cultures of rat astrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res., 2001, 66: 282-8.
12. SCHLIESS F., GÖRG B., FISCHER R., DEJARDINS P., BIDMON H.J., HERRMANN A., BUTTERWORTH R.F., ZILLES K., HÄUSSINGER D. Ammonia induces MK-801-sensitive nitration and phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues in rat astrocytes. FASEB J., 2002, 16: 739-41.
13. REINEHR R., GÖRG B., BECKER S., QVARTZKHAVA N., BIDMON H.J., SELBACH O., HAAS H.L., SCHLIESS F., HÄUSSINGER D. Hypoosmotic swelling and ammonia increase oxidative stress by NADPH oxidase in cultured astrocytes and vital brain slices. Glia, 2007, 55: 758-71.
14. HÄUSSINGER D., GÖRG B. Interaction of oxidative stress, astrocyte swelling and cerebral ammonia toxicity. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 2010, 13: 87-92.
15. GÖRG B., MORWINSKY A., KEITEL V., QVARTSKHAVA N., SCHRÖR K., HÄUSSINGER D. Ammonia triggers exocytotic release of Lglutamate from cultured rat astrocytes. Glia, 2009, 58: 691-705.
16. JAYAKUMAR A.R., RAO K.V., SCHOUSBOE A., NORENBERG M.D. Glutamine-induced free radical production in cultured astrocytes, Glia, 2004, 46: 296-301.
17. HÄUSSINGER D., SIES H. eds. Osmosensing and osmosignaling. Methods Enzymol, 2007, volume 428.
18. KRUCZEK C., GÖRG B., KEITEL V., PIREV E., KRÖNCKE KD., SCHLIESS F., HÄUSSINGER D. Hypoosmotic swelling affects zinc homeostasis in cultured rat astrocytes. Glia, 2009, 57: 79-92.
19. GIATZAKIS C., PAPADOPOULOS V. Differential utilization of the promoter of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor by steroidogenic versus nonsteroidogenic cell lines and the role of Sp1 and Sp3 in the regulation of basal activity. Endocrinology, 2004, 145: 1113-23.
20. GIGUERE J.F., HAMEL E., BUTTERWORTH R.F. Increased densities of binding sites for the 'peripheral-type' benzodiazepine receptor ligand (3H)PK 11195 in rat brain following portacaval anastomosis. Brain Res., 1992, 585: 295-8.
21. LAVOIE J., LAYRARGUES G.P., BUTTERWORTH R.F. Increased densities of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in brain autopsy samples from cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology, 1990, 11: 874-8.
22. AHBOUCHA S., POMIER-LAYRARGUES G., BUTTERWORTH R.F. Increased brain concentrations of endogenous (non-benzodiazepine) GABAA receptor ligands in human hepatic encephalopathy. Metab. Brain Dis., 2004, 19: 241-51.
23. BENDER A.S., NORENBERG M.D. Effect of benzodiazepines and neuro - steroids on ammonia-induced swelling in cultured astrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res., 1998, 54: 673-80.
24. KEITEL V., GÖRG B., BIDMON H.J., ZEMTSOVA I., SPOMER L., ZILLES K., HÄUSSINGER D. The bile acid receptor TGR5 (Gpbar-1) is a neurosteroid receptor in brain. Glia, 2010, 58: 1794-805.
25. SHAWCROSS D., JALAN R. The pathophysiologic basis of hepatic encephalopathy: central role for ammonia and inflammation. Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 2005, 62: 2295-304.
26. VOGELS B.A., MAAS M.A., DAALHUISEN J., QUACK G., CHAMALEAU R.A. Memantine, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist improves hyperammonemia-induced encephalopathy and acute hepatic encephalopathy in rats. Hepatology, 1997, 25: 820-7.
27. HERMENEGILDO C., MARCAIDA G., MONTOLIU C., GRISOLIA S., MINANA M.D., FELIPO V. NMDA receptor antagonists prevent acute ammonia toxicity in mice. Neurochem. Res., 1996, 21: 1237-44.
28. WARREN K.S., SCHENCKER S. Effect of an inhibitor of glutamine synthesis (methionine sulfoximine) on ammonia toxicity and metabolism. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 1964, 64: 442-9.
29. GÖRG B., QVARTSKHAVA N., KEITEL V., BIDMON H.J., SELBACH O., SCHLIESS F., HÄUSSINGER D. Ammonia induces RNA oxidation in cultured astrocytes and brain in vivo. Hepatology, 2008, 48: 567-579.
30. SCHLIESS F., GÖRG B., HÄUSSINGER D. RNA oxidation and zinc in hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia. Metab. Brain Dis., 2009, 24: 119-134.
31. SCHUMAN E.M., DYNES J.L., STEWARD O. Synaptic regulation of translation of dendritic mRNAs. J. Neurosci., 2006, 26: 7143-6.
32. KIEBLER M.A., BASSELL G.J. Neuronal RNA granules: movers and makers. Neuron, 2006, 51: 685-90.
33. SOSSIN WS., DES GROSEILLERS L. Intracellular trafficking of RNA in neurons. Traffic, 2006, 7: 1581-9.
34. KANDEL E.R. The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapses. Science, 2001, 294: 1030-8.
35. SUTTON M.A., SCHUMAN E.M. Dendritic protein synthesis, synaptic plasticity, and memory. Cell, 2006, 127: 49-58.
36. LYNCH M.A. Long-term potentiation and memory. Physiol. Rev., 2004, 84: 87-136.
37. TANAKA M., CHOCK P B., STADTMAN E R. Oxidized messenger RNA induces translation errors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2007, 104: 66-71.
38. BRÜCK J., GÖRG B., BIDMON H.J., ZEMTSOVA I., QVARTSKHAVA N., KEITEL V., KIRCHEIS G., HÄUSSINGER D. Locomotor impairment and cerebrocortical oxidative stress in portal-vein ligated rats in vivo. J. Hepatol., 2010, in press.
39. GÖRG B., QVARTSKHAVA N., BIDMON H.J., PALOMEROGALLAGHER N., KIRCHEIS G., ZILLES K., HÄUSSINGER D. Oxidative stress markers in the brain of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology, 2010, 52: 256-265
40. TIMMERMANN L., GROSS J., BUTZ M., KIRCHEIS G., HÄUSSINGER D., SCHNITZLER A. Mini-asterixis in hepatic encephalopathy induced by pathologic thalamo-motor-cortical coupling. Neurology, 2003, 61: 689-92.
41. TIMMERMANN L., BUTZ M., GROSS J., PLONER M., SÜDMEYER M., KIRCHEIS G., HÄUSSINGER D., SCHNITZLER A. Impaired cerebral oscillatory processing in hepatic encephalopathy. Clin. Neurophysiol., 2008, 19: 265-272.
42. KIRCHEIS G., HÄUSSINGER D. Quantifying the severity of hepatic encephalopathy. In: Hepatic encephalopathy (Romero-Gomez, M., ed.) pp. 111-128, Permanyer Press Barcelona, 2008.
43. WEISSENBORN K., ENNEN J.C., SCHOMERUS H., RÜCKERT N., HECKER H. Neuropsycho-logical characterization of hepatic encephalopathy. J. Hepatol., 2001, 34: 768-773.
44. KIRCHEIS G., FLEIG W.E., GÖRTELMEYER R., GRAFE A., HÄUSSINGER D. Assessment of low-grade hepatic encephalopathy: A critical analysis. J. Hepatol., 2007, 47: 642-50.
45. BUTZ M., TIMMERMANN L., BRAUN M., GROSS S.J., WOJTECKI L., OSTROWSKI S., KRAUSE H., POLLOK B., GROSS J., SÜDMEYER M., KIRCHEIS G., HÄUSSINGER D., SCHNITZLER A. Motor impairment in liver cirrhosis without and with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Acta Neurol. Scand., 2009, 122: 27-35.
46. KIRCHEIS G., WETTSTEIN M., TIMMERMANN L., SCHNITZLER A., HÄUSSINGER D. Critical flicker frequency for quantification of low-grade hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology, 2002, 35: 357-66.
47. SHARMA P., SHARMA B.C., PURI V., SARIN S.K. Critical flicker frequency: diagnostic tool for minimal hepatic encephalopathy. J. Hepatol., 2007, 47: 67-73.
48. HÄUSSINGER D., CORDOBA J., KIRCHEIS G., VILSTRUP H., FLEIG W.E., JONES EA., SCHLIESS F., BLEI A.T. Definition and assessment of low grade hepatic encephalopathy. In: HÄUSSINGER D., KIRCHEIS G., SCHLIESS F. (eds). Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism. pp. 423-432, Springer Doordrecht, The Netherlands, 2006.
49. ALSNIEL-SEN B., GLUUD L.L., GLUUD C. Non-absorbable disaccharides for hepatic encephalopathy: systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ, 2004, 328: 1046.
50. SHARMA B.C., SHARMA A., AGRAWAL A., SARIN S.K. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in an open-label randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus placebo. Gastroenterology, 2009, 137: 885-891.
51. BASS NM., MULLEN KD., SANYAL A., POORDAD F., NEFF G., LEEVY C.B., SIGAL S., SHEIKH MY., BEAVERS K., TODD F., TEPERMAN L., HILLEBRAND D., HUANG S., MERCHANT K., SHAW A., BORTEY E., FORBES WP. Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. New Engl. J. Med., 2010, 362: 1071-1081.
52. CORDOBA J., LOPEZHELLIN J., PLANAS M., SABIN P., SANPEDRO F., CASTRO F., ESTEBAN R., GUARDIA J. Normal protein diet for episodic hepatic encephalopathy: results of a randomized study. J. Hepatol., 2004, 41: 38-43.
53. URIBE M., MARQUEZ M.A., GARCIA RAMOS G., RAMOSURIBE M.H., VARGAS F., VILLALOBOS A., RAMOS C. Treatment of chronic portal - systemic encephalopathy with vegetable and animal protein diets. A controlled crossover study. Dig. Dis. Sci., 1982, 27: 1109-1116.
54. ALSNIELSEN B., KORETZ R.L., KJAERGARD L.L., GLUUD C. Branched-chain amino acids for hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2003: CD 001939.
55. PLAUTH M., EGBERTS E.H., HAMSTER W., TÖRÖK M., BRAND O., FÜRST P., DÖLLE W. Long-term treatment of latent portosystemic encephalopathy with branched-chain amino acids. A double-blind placebocontrolled crossover trial. J. Hepatol., 1993, 17: 308-314.
56. MARCHESINI G., BIANCHI G., MERLI M., AMODIO P., PANELLA C., LOGUERCIO C., ROSSI FANELLI F., ABBIATI R. AND ITALIAN BCAA STUDY GROUP. Nutritional supplementation with branched-chain amino acids in advanced cirrhosis: a double-blind, randomized trial. Gastro - enterology, 2003, 124: 1792-1801
57. LIU Q., DUAN Z.P., HA DA K., BENGMARK S., KURTOVIC J., RIORDAN S.M. Synbiotic modulation of gut flora: effect on minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology, 2004, 39: 144-1449.
58. REDING P., DUCHATEAU J., BATAILLE C. Oral zinc supplementation improves hepatic encephalopathy. Lancet, 1984, 2: 493-494.
59. MARCHESINI G., FABBRI A., BIANCHI G., BRIZI M., ZOLI M. Zinc supplementation and amino acid-nitrogen metabolism in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Hepatology, 1996, 23: 1084-1092.
60. RIGGIO O., ARIOSTO F., MERLI M., CASCHERA M., ZULLO A., BALDUCCI G., ZIPARO V., PEDRETTI G., FIACCADORI F., BOTTARI E. et al. Short-term oral zinc supplementation does not improve chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Results of a double-blind crossover trial. Dig. Dis. Sci., 1991, 36: 1204-1208.
61. KIRCHEIS G., NILIUS R., BERNDT H., BUCHNER M., HELD C., HENDRICKS R., KRÜGER B., KUKLINSKI B., MEISTER H., OTTO HJ., STAUCH S., RINK C., RÖSCH W. Therapeutic efficacy of L-ornithine-Laspartate infusion concentrate in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy: A placebo-controlled double-blind study. Hepatology, 1997, 25: 1351-1360.
62. STAUCH S., KIRCHEIS G., ADLER G., BECKH K., DITSCHUNEIT H., HENDRICKS R., HEUSER A., KAROFF C., MALFERTHEINER P., MAYER D., RÖSCH W., STEFFENS W. L.-ornithine-L-aspartate granulate in the treatment of latent and mild chronic hepatic encephalopathy (HE): A placebo-controlled double-blind study. Journal of Hepatology, 1998, 28: 856-864.
63. ALSNIELSEN B., KJAERGARD L.L., GLUUD C. Benzodiazepine receptor antagonists for acute and chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2001, CD002798.
64. GOULENOK C., BERNARD B., CADRANEL J.F., THABUT D., DI MARTINO V., OPOLON P., POYNARD T. Flumazenil vs. placebo in hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther., 2002, 16: 361-372