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2
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67650775732
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Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Systems with Long-Range Interactions: Theory and Experiments
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A. Campa, A. Giansanti, G. Morigi, F. Sylos Labini, Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Systems with Long-Range Interactions: Theory and Experiments AIP Conf. Proc. vol. 965 2008 122
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AIP Conf. Proc.
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, pp. 122
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Campa, A.1
Giansanti, A.2
Morigi, G.3
Sylos Labini, F.4
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27
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85087602095
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Collapse and evaporation of a canonical self-gravitating gas
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World Scientific Singapore
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C. Sire, and P.H. Chavanis Collapse and evaporation of a canonical self-gravitating gas Proceedings of the 12th Marcel Grossmann Meeting 2010 World Scientific Singapore arXiv:1003.1118
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(2010)
Proceedings of the 12th Marcel Grossmann Meeting
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Sire, C.1
Chavanis, P.H.2
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30
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0038528528
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A. Gamba, D. Ambrosi, A. Coniglio, A. de Candia, S. di Talia, E. Giraudo, G. Serini, L. Preziosi, and F.A. Bussolino Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 2003 118101
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(2003)
Phys. Rev. Lett.
, vol.90
, pp. 118101
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Gamba, A.1
Ambrosi, D.2
Coniglio, A.3
De Candia, A.4
Di Talia, S.5
Giraudo, E.6
Serini, G.7
Preziosi, L.8
Bussolino, F.A.9
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38
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79952103798
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P.H. Chavanis, and C. Sire arXiv:1009.2884
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P.H. Chavanis, and C. Sire arXiv:1009.2884
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52
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79952106817
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note
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The usual thermodynamic limit N → + ∞ with N V fixed is not relevant for systems with long-range interactions that are generically spatially inhomogeneous, and it must be reconsidered. If we write the potential of interaction as u (| r - r ′ | ) = k u (| r - r ′ | ) where k is the coupling constant, then the appropriate thermodynamic limit for long-range interactions corresponds to N → + ∞ in such a way that the coupling constant k ∼ 1 N → 0 while the volume of the system remains fixed: V ∼ 1. This is called the Kac prescription [17]. In that limit, we have an extensive scaling of the energy E ∼ N and of the entropy S ∼ N (while the temperature T ∼ 1 is intensive), but the system remains fundamentally non-additive [4].
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55
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79952106437
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note
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This shift in density ρ (r ) - ρ ̄ is similar to the one arising in the modified Newtonian model studied in [80].
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58
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79952107558
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This is not always the case. For example, the free energy associated with the Smoluchowski-Poisson system describing self-gravitating Brownian particles is not bounded from below [48]. In that case, the system can experience an isothermal collapse. However, there also exists long-lived metastable states (local minima of free energy at fixed mass) on which the system can settle [26]
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This is not always the case. For example, the free energy associated with the SmoluchowskiPoisson system describing self-gravitating Brownian particles is not bounded from below [48]. In that case, the system can experience an isothermal collapse. However, there also exists long-lived metastable states (local minima of free energy at fixed mass) on which the system can settle [26].
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65
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79952100388
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This is the case, for example, in chemotaxis where the number of particles (bacteria, cells, ...) can be relatively small.
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This is the case, for example, in chemotaxis where the number of particles (bacteria, cells,...) can be relatively small.
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71
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79952102433
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Note, however, that changing the initial condition from experiment to experiment may allow to explore a wider diversity of states and reconstruct the density probability (B.1)
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Note, however, that changing the initial condition from experiment to experiment may allow to explore a wider diversity of states and reconstruct the density probability (B.1).
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78
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79952105639
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note
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The non-commutation of the limits t → + ∞ and N → + ∞ that we discuss here is different from the one reported by Latora et al. [81] in relation to quasi stationary states (QSSs). These authors consider isolated Hamiltonian systems with long-range interactions, in the absence of metastable states, and discuss the difference between QSSs (steady states of the Vlasov equation [82]) obtained when the N → + ∞ limit is taken before the t → + ∞ limit and statistical equilibrium states (global entropy maxima) obtained when the t → + ∞ limit is taken before the N → + ∞ limit. Here, we consider overdamped Brownian systems with long-range interactions and discuss the difference between metastable states (local free energy minima) obtained when the N → + ∞ limit is taken before the t → + ∞ limit and strict statistical equilibrium states (global free energy minima) obtained when the t → + ∞ limit is taken before the N → + ∞ limit. A more detailed discussion is provided in Appendix C.
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79
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79952102511
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note
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This is particularly true for self-gravitating systems for which there is no global minimum of free energy due to gravitational collapse. Yet, the system can be found in a metastable state (local minimum of free energy) that can persist for a very long time of the order of e N [50]. On longer timescales, the system undergoes gravitational collapse. In that case, it cannot return to a metastable state since the barrier of free energy becomes infinite.
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