Ultrasonic and LIDAR sensors for electronic canopy characterization in vineyards: Advances to improve pesticide application methods

Sensors

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 2177-2194

  Llorens, Jordi ^a   Gil, Emilio ^a   Llop, Jordi ^a   Escolà, Alexandre ^b  

^a UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LLEIDA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Crop adapted sprayer; Leaf wall area; LIDAR; Ultrasonic sensor; Vineyard

Indexed keywords

PESTICIDE;

AGRICULTURE; ARTICLE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DRUG EFFECT; ELECTRONICS; HISTOLOGY; INSTRUMENTATION; LIGHT; METHODOLOGY; PLANT LEAF; ULTRASOUND; VITIS;

AGRICULTURE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTRONICS; LIGHT; PESTICIDES; PLANT LEAVES; ULTRASONICS; VITIS;

EID: 79952099298     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s110202177     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Lee, K.H.; Ehsani, R. A Laser Scanner Based Measurement System for Quantification of Citrus Tree Geometric Characteristics. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2009, 25, 777-788.
2. Villalobos, F.J.; Testi, L.; Hidalgo, J.; Pastor, M.; Orgaz, F. Modelling Potential Growth and Yield of Olive (Olea Europaea L.) Canopies. Eur. J. Agron. 2006, 24, 296-303.
3. Zaman, Q.U.; Schumann, A.W.; Hostler, H.K. Estimation of Citrus Fruit Yield Using Ultrasonically-Sensed Tree Size. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2006, 22, 39-44.
4. Zaman, Q.U.; Schumann, A.W.; Miller, W.M. Variable Rate Nitrogen Application in Florida Citrus Based on Ultrasonically-Sensed Tree Size. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2005, 21, 331-335.
5. Li, F.; Cohen, S.; Naor, A.; Shaozong, K.; Erez, A. Studies of Canopy Structure and Water use of Apple Trees on Three Rootstocks. Agric. Water Manage. 2002, 55, 1-14.
6. Ehlert, D.; Horn, H.J.; Adamek, R. Measuring Crop Biomass Density by Laser Triangulation. Comput. Electron. Agr. 2008, 61, 117-125.
7. Byers, R.E.; Lyons C.G., Jr.; Yoder, K.S.; Horsburgh, R.L.; Barden, J.A.; Donohue, S.J. Effect of Apple Tree Size and Canopy Density on Spray Chemical Deposit. Hortscience 1984, 19, 93-94.
8. Walklate, P.J.; Richardson, G.M.; Cross, J.V.; Murray, R.A. Relationship between Orchard Tree Crop Structure and Performance Characteristics of an Axial Fan Sprayer. Aspect. Appl. Biol. 2000, 57, 285-292.
9. Koch, H. How to Achieve Conformity with the Dose Expression and Sprayer Function in High Crops. Bayer CropScience J. 2007, 60, 71-84.
10. European Parliament. Directive 2009/128/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 Establishing a Framework for Community Action to Achieve the Sustainable use of Pesticides. Offic. J. Eur. Union 2009. Available online: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:309:0071:0086:EN:PDF/ (accessed on 15 February 2011).
11. Doruchowski, G.; Holownicki, R. Environmentally Friendly Spray Techniques for Tree Crops. Crop Protect. 2000, 19, 617-622.
12. Doruchowski, G.; Balsari, P.; Van de Zande, J.C. Development of a Crop Adapted Spray Application System for Sustainable Plant Protection in Fruit Growing. In International Symposium on Application of Precision Agriculture for Fruits and Vegetables; International Society for Horticultural Science: Orlando, FL, USA, 1 April 2009; Available online: http://www.actahort.org/books/824/824_29.htm (accessed on 1 February 2011).
13. Rüegg, J.; Viret, O.; Raisigl, U. Adaptation of Spray Dosage in Stone-Fruit Orchards on the Basis of Tree Row Volume. EPPO Bull. 1999, 29, 103-110.
14. Doruchowski, G.; Bielenin, A.; Holownicki, R.; Swiechowski, W.; Godyn, A.; Olszak, R.W. Efficacy of TRV Based Fungicide Dose Rates in Apple Orchards. In VII Workshop on Spray Application Techniques in Fruit Growing, Cuneo, Italy, 25-27 June 2003; pp. 157-162.
15. Viret, O.; Siegfried, W.; Wohlhauser, R.; Raisigl, U. Dosage Des Fongicides En Fonction Du Volume Foliaire De La Vigne. Rev. Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic. 2005, 37, 59-62.
16. Giles, D.K.; Delwiche, M.J.; Dodd, R.B. Control of Orchard Spraying Based on Electronic Sensing of Target Characteristics. Trans. ASAE 1987, 30, 1624-1630, 1636.
17. Giles, D.K.; Delwiche, M.J.; Dodd, R.B. Electronic Measurement of Tree Canopy Volume. Trans. ASAE 1988, 31, 264-272.
18. Giles, D.K.; Delwiche, M.J.; Dodd, R.B. Method and Apparatus for Target Plant Foliage Sensing and Mapping and Related Materials Application Control. U.S. Patent 4,823,268, 18 April 1989.
19. Giles, D.K.; Delwiche, M.J.; Dodd, R.B. Sprayer Control by Sensing Orchard Crop Characteristics: Orchard Architecture and Spray Liquid Savings. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 1989, 43, 271-289.
20. Escolà, A. Method for Real-Time Variable Rate Application of Plant Protection Products in Precision horticulture/fructiculture. PhD Dissertation, Department Agro forestry Engineering, Universitat de Lleida, Available online: http://www.tesisenxarxa.net/TDX-1202110-164121/index_cs.html#documents 2010 (accessed on 10 February 2011).
21. Zaman, Q.U.; Salyani, M. Effects of Foliage Density and Ground Speed on Ultrasonic Measurement of Citrus Tree Volume. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2004, 20, 173-178.
22. Balsari, P.; Tamagnone, M. An Ultrasonic Airblast Sprayer. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Agricultural Engineering AgEng, Oslo, Norway, 24-27 August 1998; pp. 585-586.
23. Wei, J.; Salyani, M. Development of a Laser Scanner for Measuring Tree Canopy Characteristics: Phase 1. Prototype Development. Trans. ASAE 2004, 47, 2101-2107.
24. Schumann, A.W.; Zaman, Q.U. Software Development for Real-Time Ultrasonic Mapping of Tree Canopy Size. Comput. Electron. Agr. 2005, 47, 25-40.
25. Solanelles, F.; Escolà, A.; Planas, S.; Rosell, Camp, F.; Gracia, F. An Electronic Control System for Pesticide Application Proportional to the Canopy Width of Tree Crops. Crop Protect. 2006, 95, 473-481.
26. Gil, E.; Escolà, A. Variable Rate Application of Plant Protection Products in Vineyard using Ultrasonic Sensors. In 9th Workshop on Sustainable Plant Protection Techniques in Fruit Growing (SuProFruit), Alnarp, Sweden, 11-14 September 2007; pp. 61-62.
27. Balsari, P.; Doruchowski, G.; Marucco, P.; Tamagnone, M.; van de Zande, J.C.; Wenneker, M. A System for Adjusting the Spray Application to the Target Characteristics. Agric. Eng. Int. CIGR 2008, 10, 1-11.
28. Llorens, J.; Gil, E.; Llop, J.; Escolà, A. Variable Rate Dosing in Precision Viticulture: Use of Electronic Devices to Improve Application Efficiency. Crop Protect. 2010, 29, 239-248.
29. Tumbo, S.D.; Salyani, M.; Whitney, J.D.; Wheaton, T.A.; Miller, W.M. Investigation of Laser and Ultrasonic Ranging Sensors for Measurements of Citrus Canopy Volume. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2002, 18, 367-372.
30. Palacín, J.; Pallejà, T.; Tresanchez, M.; Sanz, R.; Llorens, J.; Ribes-Dasi, M.; Masip, J.; Arnó, J.; Escolà, A.; Rosell, J.R. Real-Time Tree-Foliage Surface Estimation using a Ground Laser Scanner. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Measur. 2007, 56, 1377-1383.
31. Rosell, J.R.; Llorens, J.; Sanz, R.; Arnó, J.; Ribes-Dasi, M.; Masip, J.; Escolà, A.; Camp, F.; Solanelles, F.; Gràcia, F. et al. Obtaining the Three-Dimensional Structure of Tree Orchards from Remote 2D Terrestrial LIDAR Scanning. Agric. For. Meteorol. 2009, 149, 1505-1515.
32. Wei, J.; Salyani, M. Development of a Laser Scanner for Measuring Tree Canopy Characteristics: Phase 2. Foliage Density Measurement. Trans. ASAE 2005, 48, 1595-1601.
33. Arnó, J.; Vallès, J.M.; Llorens, J.; Blanco, R.; Palacín, J.; Sanz, R.; Masip, J.; Ribes-Dasi, M.; Rosell, J.R. Ground Laser Scanner Data Analysis for LAI Prediction in Orchards and Vineyards. In International Conference on Agricultural Engineering AgEng2006, Bonn, Germany, 3-6 September 2006.
34. Zaman, Q.U.; Schumann, A.W.; Hostler, H.K. Quantifying Sources of Error in Ultrasonic Measurements of Citrus Orchards. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2007, 23, 449-453.
35. Meier, U. Growth Stages of Mono-and Dicotyledonous-Plants. BBCH Monograph, 2 ed.; 2001, Uwe Meier, Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry: Berlin, Germany. (www.bba.de/veroeff/bbch/bbcheng.pdf).
36. Palacín, J.; Salse, J.A.; Sanz, R.; Ribes-Dasi, M.; Masip, J.; Arnó, J.; Llorens, J.; Vallès, J.M.; Escolà, A.; Masana, P. Camp, F.; Solanelles, F.; Rosell, J.R. Real-Time Tree Foliage Estimation using a Ground Laser Escanner. In IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Sorrento, Italy, 24-27 April 2006; pp. 1227-1232.
37. Manktelow, D.W.L.; Praat, J.P. The Tree-Row-Volume Spraying System and its Potential use in New Zealand. In Proceedings of the NZ Plant Protection Conference, Lincoln University: Lincoln, New Zealand, 18-21 August 1997; pp. 119-124.
38. Cross, J.V.; Walklate, P.J.; Murray, R.A.; Richardson, G.M. Spray Deposits and Losses in Different Sized Apple Trees from an Axial Fan Orchard Sprayer: 1. Effects of Spray Liquid Flow Rate. Crop Protect. 2001, 20, 13-30.
39. Brinker, R.C.; Wolf, P.; Eds. Topografía Moderna, 9th ed.; Alfaomega: Mexico DF, Mexic, 1998.
40. Gross, J. Nortest: Tests for Normality. R package version 1.0. http://www.R-project.org 2006.
41. R Development Core Team. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing; http://www.R-project.org Vienna, Austria, 2010.
42. Venables, W.N.; Ripley, B.D.; Eds. Modern Applied Statistics with S, 4th ed.; Springer, New York, NY, USA, 2002.
43. Verzani, J. Using R Data Sets for the Text "using R for Introductory Statistics". R package version 0.1-13; College of Staten Island, CUNY, New York, NY, USA, 2010.
44. Richardson, G.M.; Walklate, P.J.; Baker, D.E.; Cross, J.V.; Harris, A.L. Orchard Measurements for Optimising Label Dose Rate Adjustment. Aspects Appl. Biol. 2006, 77, 497-504.
45. Frießleben, R.; Roßlenbroich, H.J.; Elbert, A. Dose Expression in Plant Protection Product Field Testing in High Crops: Need for Harmonization. Bayer CropScience J. 2007, 60, 85-96.