Vascular Epiphytes on Isolated Pasture Trees Along a Rainfall Gradient in the Lowlands of Panama

Biotropica

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 165-172

  Poltz, Kerstin ^a   Zotz, Gerhard ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OLDENBURG   (Germany)

^c SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Panama)

Author keywords

Crassulacean acid metabolism; Land use change; Mistletoes; Plant diversity; Rain forest; Secondary vegetation

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; EPIPHYTE; FOREST INVENTORY; LAND USE CHANGE; METABOLISM; MONOCOTYLEDON; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); PRISTINE ENVIRONMENT; RAINFALL; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; VASCULAR PLANT;

PANAMA [CENTRAL AMERICA];

BROMELIACEAE; CRASSULACEAE; ORCHIDACEAE; VISCUM ALBUM;

EID: 79952064125     PISSN: 00063606     EISSN: 17447429     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00669.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Anonymous. 1988. Atlas Nacional de la República de Panamá. Instituto Geográfico Nacional "Tommy Guardia", Panamá.
2. Arruda, R., L. N. Carvalho, and K. Del Claro 2006. Host specificity of a Brazilian mistletoe, Struthanthus aff. polyanthus (Loranthaceae), in cerrado tropical savanna. Flora 201: 127-134.
3. Barlow, J., T. A. Gardner, I. S. Araujo, T. C. Ávila-Pires, A. B. Bonaldo, J. E. Costa, M. C. Esposito, L. V. Ferreira, J. Hawes, M. I. M. Hernandes, M. S. Hoogmoed, R. N. Keite, N. F. Lo-Man-Hung, J. R. Malcolm, M. B. Martins, L. A. M. Mestre, R. Miranda-Santos, A. L. Nunes-Gutjahr, W. L. Overal, L. Parry, S. L. Peters, M. A. Ribeiro-Junior, M. N. F. da Silva, C. da Silva Motta, and C. A. Peres 2007. Quantifying the biodiversity value of tropical primary, secondary, and plantation forests. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 18555-18560.
4. Barthlott, W., V. Schmit-Neuerburg, J. Nieder, and S. Engwald 2001. Diversity and abundance of vascular epiphytes: A comparison of secondary vegetation and primary montane rain forest in the Venezuelan Andes. Plant Ecol. 152: 145-156.
5. Benzing, D. H. 1990. Vascular epiphytes. General biology and related biota. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
6. Bernal, R., T. Valverde, and L. Hernandez-Rosas 2005. Habitat preference of the epiphyte Tillandsia recurvata (Bromeliaceae) in a semi-desert environment in Central Mexico. Can. J. Bot. 83: 1238-1247.
7. Chapman, C. A., and L. J. Chapman 2004. Unfavorable successional pathways and the conservation value of logged tropical forest. Biodiversity Conserv. 13: 2089-2105.
8. Chazdon, R. L., C. A. Harvey, O. Komar, D. M. Griffith, B. G. Ferguson, M. Martinez-Ramos, H. Morales, R. Nigh, L. Soto-Pinto, M. van Breugel, and S. M. Philpott 2009. Beyond reserves. A research agenda for conserving biodiversity in human-modified tropical landscapes. Biotropica 41: 142-153.
9. Colwell, R. K. 2005. EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 7.5. Persistent URL. Available at (accessed 8 March 2005).
10. Correa, A. M. D., C. Galdames, and M. S. Stapf de 2004. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá. Universidad de Panamá, Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales, Panama City, Panama.
11. Dunn, R. R. 2000. Bromeliad communities in isolated trees and three successional stages of an Andean cloud forest in Ecuador. Selbyana 21: 137-143.
12. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. 2006. Global forest resources assessment 2005. FAO, Rome, Italy.
13. Flores-Palacios, A., and J. G. García-Franco 2001. Sampling methods for vascular epiphytes: Their effectiveness in recording species richness and frequency. Selbyana 22: 181-191.
14. Flores-Palacios, A., and J. G. García-Franco 2006. The relationship between tree size and epiphyte species richness: Testing four different hypotheses. J. Biogeogr. 33: 323-330.
15. Flores-Palacios, A., and J. G. García-Franco 2008. Habitat isolation changes the beta diversity of the vascular epiphyte community in lower montane forest, Veracruz, Mexico. Biodiversity Conserv. 17: 191-207.
16. Gentry, A. H., and C. H. Dodson 1987. Diversity and biogeography of neotropical vascular epiphytes. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 205-233.
17. Gotelli, N. J., and G. R. Graves 1996. Null models in Ecology. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
18. Gradstein, S. R. 2008. Epiphytes of tropical montane forests-impact of deforestation and climate change. In S. R. Gradstein, D. Gansert, and J. Homeier (Eds.). The tropical mountain forest-patterns and processes in a biodiversity hotspot, pp. 51-65. University of Göttingen Press, Göttingen, The Netherlands.
19. Hietz, P. 2005. Conservation of vascular epiphyte diversity in Mexican coffee plantations. Conserv. Biol. 19: 391-399.
20. Hietz, P., G. Buchberger, and M. Winkler 2006. Effect of forest disturbance on abundance and distribution of epiphytic bromeliads and orchids. Ecotropica 12: 103-112.
21. Hietz-Seifert, U., P. Hietz, and S. Guevara 1995. Epiphyte vegetation and diversity on remnant trees after forest clearance in southern Veracruz, Mexico. Biol. Conserv. 75: 103-111.
22. International Tropical Timber Organization. 2002. ITTO Guidelines for the restoration, management and rehabilitation of degraded and secondary tropical forests. ITTO Policy Development Series No. 13, ITTO, Yokohama, Japan.
23. Janzen, D. H. 1986. The future of tropical ecology. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17: 305-324.
24. Johansson, D. 1974. Ecology of vascular epiphytes in West African rain forest. Acta Phytogeogr. Suec 59: 1-136.
25. Köster, N., K. Friedrich, J. Nieder, and W. Barthlott 2009. Conservation of epiphyte diversity in an Andean landscape transformed by human land use. Conserv. Biol. 23: 911-919.
26. Laube, S., and G. Zotz 2006. Neither host-specific nor random: Vascular epiphytes on three tree species in a Panamanian lowland forest. Ann. Bot. 97: 1103-1114.
27. Laurance, W. F. 2007. Have we overstated the tropical biodiversity crisis? Trends Ecol. Evol. 22: 65-70.
28. Lepš, J., and P. Šmilauer 2003. Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
29. Martin, C. E. 1994. Physiological ecology of the Bromeliaceae. Bot. Rev. 60: 1-82.
30. Nadkarni, N. M., and R. Solano 2002. Potential effects of climate change on canopy communities in a tropical cloud forest: An experimental approach. Oecologia 131: 580-586.
31. Nir, M. A. 1988. The survivors: Orchids on a Puerto Rican coffee finca. Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 57: 989-995.
32. Padmawathe, R., Q. Qureshi, and G. S. Rawat 2004. Effects of selective logging on vascular epiphyte diversity in a moist lowland forest of Eastern Himalaya, India. Biol. Conserv. 119: 81-92.
33. Parra-Tabla, V., C. F. Vargas, S. Magana-Rueda, and J. Navarro 2000. Female and male pollination success of Oncidium ascendens Lindey (Orchidaceae) in two contrasting habitat patches: Forest vs agricultural field. Biol. Conserv. 94: 335-340.
34. R Development Core Team. 2007. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
35. Sanford, W. W. 1968. Distribution of epiphytic orchids in semi-deciduous tropical forest in southern Nigeria. J. Ecol. 56: 697-705.
36. Silvera, K., L. S. Santiago, J. C. Cushman, and K. Winter 2009. Crassulacean acid metabolism and epiphytism linked to adaptive radiations in the Orchidaceae. Plant Physiol. 149: 1838-1847.
37. Sosa, V., and T. Platas 1998. Extinction and persistence of rare orchids in Veracruz, Mexico. Conserv. Biol. 12: 451-455.
38. Trapnell, D. W., J. L. Hamrick, and J. D. Nason 2004. Three-dimensional fine-scale genetic structure of the neotropical epiphytic orchid, Laelia rubescens. Mol. Ecol. 13: 1111-1118.
39. Went, F. W. 1940. Soziologie der Epiphyten eines tropischen Regenwaldes. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 50: 1-98.
40. Werner, F., J. Homeier, and S. R. Gradstein 2005. Diversity of vascular epiphytes on isolated remnant trees in the montane forest belt of southern Ecuador. Ecotropica 11: 21-40.
41. Wester, S., and G. Zotz 2010. Growth and survival of Tillandsia flexuosa on electricity cables in Panama. J. Trop. Ecol. 26: 123-126.
42. Wolf, J. H. D. 2005. The response of epiphytes to anthropogenic disturbance of pine-oak forests in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. For. Ecol. Manage. 212: 376-393.
43. Wright, S. J., and H. C. Muller-Landau 2006. The future of tropical forest species. Biotropica 38: 287-301.
44. Young, A., T. Boyle, and T. Brown 1996. The population genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation in plants. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11: 413-418.
45. Zotz, G. 2004. How prevalent is crassulacean acid metabolism among vascular epiphytes? Oecologia 138: 184-192.
46. Zotz, G. 2005. Differences in vital demographic rates in three populations of the epiphytic bromeliad, Werauhia sanguinolenta. Acta Oecol. 28: 306-312.
47. Zotz, G., and M. Bader 2009. Epiphytic plants in a changing world: Global change effects on vascular and non-vascular epiphytes. Progr. Bot. 70: 147-170.
48. Zotz, G., and P. Hietz 2001. The ecophysiology of vascular epiphytes: Current knowledge, open questions. J. Exp. Bot. 52: 2067-2078.
49. Zotz, G., and S. Schultz 2008. The vascular epiphytes of a lowland forest in Panama-species composition and spatial structure. Plant Ecol. 195: 131-141.
50. Zotz, G., and B. Vollrath 2003. The epiphyte vegetation of the palm, Socratea exorrhiza-correlations with tree size, tree age, and bryophyte cover. J. Trop. Ecol. 19: 81-90.
51. Zotz, G., and H. Ziegler 1997. The occurrence of crassulacean acid metabolism among vascular epiphytes from Central Panama. New Phytol. 137: 223-229.